The document discusses physical architecture layer design, which involves determining how a system will be distributed across computers and the hardware and software that will be used. This includes infrastructure design, hardware specifications, and determining which application software components will run on which hardware. Common application architectures are server-based, client-based, and client-server. The physical architecture design flows from non-functional requirements and specifies the system's hardware and software components.

1. PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE
LAYER DESIGN

2. INTRODUCTION
An important step of design is the creation of
the physical architecture layer design
The plan for “how the system will be distributed
across the computers and “what hardware and
software will be used for each computer.
Eg. windows, linux.

3. Contd…
• It flows primarily from non-functional
requirements such as operational, performance,
security, etc,.
• The deliverables from physical architectural
layer design includes infrastructure design,
hardware and software specifications.
• Now-a-days most modern system span two or
more networked computer. i.e, web based
system.

4. ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL
ARCHITECTURE LAYER DESIGN
Objective: ”What part of application
software will be assigned to what
hardware.”
Application
architectures in use: .Server-based architecture
.Client- based architecture
.Client-server architecture

5. ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS
• Architecture components of any system is
“software” and “hardware”.
• Software: The programs and other operating
information used by a computer.
• Hardware: The machines, wiring, and other
physical components of a computer or other
electronic system.

6. Functions of software
1. DATA
STORAGE
2. DATA ACCESS
LOGIC
3. APPLICATION
LOGIC
4. PRESENTATION
LOGIC

7. Components of hardware
•Client
•Server
•networks
3 primary
h/w
components

8. SERVER –BASED ARCHITECTURE

9. Drawbacks
• Response time become slower
• Upgrades of server computer comes in
large increments and are more expensive.
• Since for network manager it is difficult
to upgrade.

10. CLIENT-BASED ARCHITECTURE

11. Example For Client-Based Architectures
As shown in figure client is
personal computer running on
local are network while server
computer is a server on the
same network
For example: consider user
want to display all list of
employees with company life
insurance.
For this all the data has to
travel from the server where
the database is stored over
the network to the client

12. CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE

13. Contd…
In client server architecture each
computer on a network is either client or
server
Server are powerful computers
dedicated to managing disk drive,
printers etc.while clients are personal
computer on which user runs application
Client are server resides in the same
system but server share resources ,client
does not share resources.
Example:E-mail,world wide web etc.

14. Example for client-server architecture
When bank
customer
accesses the
online banking
service with a
web browser, the
client initiates
the request to
the bank’s web
server
The customer
login credentials
are stored in the
database which is
accessed by the
database server
as client
An application
server interprets
the data and
provide it to web
sever.
Finally web
server returns
the result to the
client

15. BENEFITS
SCALABLE
SUPPORT DIFFERENT CLIENTS AND SERVERS
CAN EASILY SEPARATE
APPLICATION,PRESENTATION,DATA ACCESS LOGIC
RELIABLE

16. Disadvantage
Network Traffic
Blocking.
If server fails,
client’s request
cannot be served.