The presentation provides an update on the streamlined submission process, five years on, including the evolution of the milestone-based process from inception to the present day, and opportunities for future improvements.
This presentation will focus on the common types of deficiencies found by the TGA’s GMP Inspectors as well as some data on the number of inspections performed both locally and overseas and compliance rating outcomes for the inspections performed.
Using the new OTC guidance to help compile a successful applicationTGA Australia
This presentation will provide an outline of the various OTC guidance documents, where to find them on the TGA website and briefly explain how they should be used to assist in compiling a successful OTC application.
Presentation: Medical Devices Single Audit Program (MDSAP) Pilot ProgramTGA Australia
This presentation provides an update on the progress of the Pilot and explores how the results of audits will be used by the participating Regulatory Authorities in support of market authorisation within their jurisdictions.
TGA Presentation: GMP Clearance Information Session,5-7 September 2017TGA Australia
Provides an overview of the improvements made to the GMP clearance process including the revised guidance, the introduction of an application assistance tool, the redesigned application e-forms and the compliance verification process.
TGA Presentation: Biologicals framework updatesTGA Australia
The document summarizes recent changes and proposed updates to Australia's regulatory framework for biological products such as human cells and tissues (biologicals). Key points:
- The biologicals framework regulates cell and tissue therapies and was introduced in 2011. It applies different regulation levels based on product risks.
- Recent approvals include various tissue-based products and cell therapies. Challenges include improving product characterization and developing potency assays.
- Proposed changes include updating guidance documents, expanding expedited pathways similar to the US and EU, and allowing some autologous cell/tissue uses to be exempt from regulation.
- The review aims to facilitate earlier patient access to innovative therapies while maintaining safety, efficacy and
Presentation: The Australian Pharmacovigilance Inspection Program (PVIP)TGA Australia
Presentations given at the TGA information sessions cover the pharmacovigilance inspection guidelines, preparing for inspections, inspection process, and close out of inspections.
This presentation will focus on the common types of deficiencies found by the TGA’s GMP Inspectors as well as some data on the number of inspections performed both locally and overseas and compliance rating outcomes for the inspections performed.
Using the new OTC guidance to help compile a successful applicationTGA Australia
This presentation will provide an outline of the various OTC guidance documents, where to find them on the TGA website and briefly explain how they should be used to assist in compiling a successful OTC application.
Presentation: Medical Devices Single Audit Program (MDSAP) Pilot ProgramTGA Australia
This presentation provides an update on the progress of the Pilot and explores how the results of audits will be used by the participating Regulatory Authorities in support of market authorisation within their jurisdictions.
TGA Presentation: GMP Clearance Information Session,5-7 September 2017TGA Australia
Provides an overview of the improvements made to the GMP clearance process including the revised guidance, the introduction of an application assistance tool, the redesigned application e-forms and the compliance verification process.
TGA Presentation: Biologicals framework updatesTGA Australia
The document summarizes recent changes and proposed updates to Australia's regulatory framework for biological products such as human cells and tissues (biologicals). Key points:
- The biologicals framework regulates cell and tissue therapies and was introduced in 2011. It applies different regulation levels based on product risks.
- Recent approvals include various tissue-based products and cell therapies. Challenges include improving product characterization and developing potency assays.
- Proposed changes include updating guidance documents, expanding expedited pathways similar to the US and EU, and allowing some autologous cell/tissue uses to be exempt from regulation.
- The review aims to facilitate earlier patient access to innovative therapies while maintaining safety, efficacy and
Presentation: The Australian Pharmacovigilance Inspection Program (PVIP)TGA Australia
Presentations given at the TGA information sessions cover the pharmacovigilance inspection guidelines, preparing for inspections, inspection process, and close out of inspections.
On January 22, 2013 the China SFDA published a Good Supply Practice guidance that will be implemented on June 1, 2013. Businesses will have a 3 year period to phase in the requirements and if this has not been accomplished by the deadline in 2016 they will be required to cease their activities. This is another demonstration that China is working diligently to upgrade the quality of their pharmaceutical manufacture and distribution networks.
The guidance significantly increases the requirements for Quality Management. The relevant chapters include: General Provisions, Drug Wholesale Quality Management, Drug Retail Quality Management, and Supplementary provisions. Significant emphasis is placed on the standards to be implemented for computerized hardware and software systems. The use of controlled computerized systems is intended to both be an aid in protection of drug quality but will also serve as a barrier to entry into this part of the pharmaceutical business.
This document provides guidance on preparing a site master file (SMF) for pharmaceutical manufacturing sites. It outlines the key information that should be included in an SMF, such as descriptions of quality management systems, personnel, facilities, equipment, production, quality control, distribution, and procedures for complaints and recalls. The SMF is intended to provide regulatory authorities with information on GMP compliance during inspections.
This document provides guidance on validation and qualification principles from the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the need for validation and qualification activities to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the product lifecycle. Key aspects covered include definitions of validation terms, approaches to validation planning, and documentation requirements such as a validation master plan and protocols.
This document provides guidance for preparing a laboratory information file (LIF) according to World Health Organization guidelines. A LIF contains information about the operations, quality management, personnel, equipment, and procedures of a testing laboratory. It describes the laboratory's activities, policies, and supporting documentation in a succinct manner not exceeding 30 pages. The guidance outlines the key information that should be included in each section of a LIF.
Good manufacturing practices for complementary medicinesTGA Australia
This presentation provides an overview of GMP clearance application process, the TGA compliance risk framework, major deficiencies and manufacturing quality challenges.
This presentation gives a overview of the new FDA draft guidance on Analytical Method Validation and compares it with the older version issued in the year 2000.
Regulatory affairs is a profession that has developed to ensure the safety and efficacy of regulated products like pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and cosmetics. Regulatory affairs professionals are responsible for understanding and complying with regulations, collecting scientific data, and submitting applications to regulatory agencies to obtain approval to market products. They provide strategic guidance to companies on navigating the regulatory process from product development through marketing approval and post-market compliance. Ensuring compliance with regulations governing manufacturing, quality management systems, advertising, and other areas is important for regulatory affairs.
Drug Regulations is a Not for Profit Organizations which provides free online resources for the Pharmaceutical Professional. This presentation is part A of series of presentations which addresses the current Good Manufacturing Requirements as per the US FDA. This presentation addresses Status , Scope & Definitions
This presentation provides information from the FDA document "QUALITY METRICS TECHNICAL CONFORMANCE GUIDE". It outlines 27 data elements for reporting quality metrics to the FDA, including information like drug name, application type, test results, complaints, and establishment details. The goal is to help ensure clear expectations for submitting quality metric data to support the FDA's objectives of ensuring safe, high-quality drug production.
PIC/S Guide to GMP PE009-13 - Key changes to Annex 15 - Qualification and val...TGA Australia
The TGA has now legislated version 13 of the PIC/S guide to GMP for medicinal products with a transition period for implementation ending at the end of 2018. Some of the biggest changes in this version were in Annex 15 – Qualification and Validation. This has an impact across all areas in including small to medium sized manufacturers as well as sponsors who need to understand the impact in their supply chain including contract manufacturing and storage and transportation.
Drug Regulations is a Not for Profit Organizations which provides free online resources for the Pharmaceutical Professional. This presentation is part D of series of presentations which addresses the current Good Manufacturing Requirements as per the US FDA. This presentation addresses : Equipment
This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which are applicable to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes used for the manufacture of medicinal products and may also be used as supplementary optional guidance for active substances without introduction of additional requirements to EudraLex, Volume 4, Part II. It is a GMP requirement that manufacturers control the critical aspects of their particular operations through qualification and validation over the life cycle of the product and process. Any planned changes to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes, which may affect the quality of the product, should be formally documented and the impact on the validated status or control strategy assessed. Computerised systems used for the manufacture of medicinal products should also be validated according to the requirements of Annex 11. The relevant concepts and guidance presented in ICH Q8, Q9, Q10 and Q11 should also be taken into account.
Highlights of the guidance are given in following presentation.
The document discusses quality metrics that are used in the pharmaceutical industry to monitor quality control systems and processes. It defines three key quality metrics that the FDA intends to calculate: (1) Lot Acceptance Rate (LAR), which measures the number of accepted lots versus total lots started; (2) Invalidated Out-of-Specification Rate (IOOSR), which measures invalidated out-of-specification test results versus total out-of-specification results; and (3) Product Quality Complaint Rate (PQCR), which measures the number of quality complaints received versus total units distributed. Quality metrics are important to ensure acceptable product quality and assess performance and improvements.
Presentation: Transparency initiatives and the TGATGA Australia
This presentation provides an overview of the web publication of Australian Public Assessment Reports (AusPARs), including findings of the recent survey.
Presentation: Risk minimisation in the Australian contextTGA Australia
This presentation describes Risk Minimisation including general principles and the tools available for the development of Risk Minimisation Plans (RMPs)
On January 22, 2013 the China SFDA published a Good Supply Practice guidance that will be implemented on June 1, 2013. Businesses will have a 3 year period to phase in the requirements and if this has not been accomplished by the deadline in 2016 they will be required to cease their activities. This is another demonstration that China is working diligently to upgrade the quality of their pharmaceutical manufacture and distribution networks.
The guidance significantly increases the requirements for Quality Management. The relevant chapters include: General Provisions, Drug Wholesale Quality Management, Drug Retail Quality Management, and Supplementary provisions. Significant emphasis is placed on the standards to be implemented for computerized hardware and software systems. The use of controlled computerized systems is intended to both be an aid in protection of drug quality but will also serve as a barrier to entry into this part of the pharmaceutical business.
This document provides guidance on preparing a site master file (SMF) for pharmaceutical manufacturing sites. It outlines the key information that should be included in an SMF, such as descriptions of quality management systems, personnel, facilities, equipment, production, quality control, distribution, and procedures for complaints and recalls. The SMF is intended to provide regulatory authorities with information on GMP compliance during inspections.
This document provides guidance on validation and qualification principles from the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the need for validation and qualification activities to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the product lifecycle. Key aspects covered include definitions of validation terms, approaches to validation planning, and documentation requirements such as a validation master plan and protocols.
This document provides guidance for preparing a laboratory information file (LIF) according to World Health Organization guidelines. A LIF contains information about the operations, quality management, personnel, equipment, and procedures of a testing laboratory. It describes the laboratory's activities, policies, and supporting documentation in a succinct manner not exceeding 30 pages. The guidance outlines the key information that should be included in each section of a LIF.
Good manufacturing practices for complementary medicinesTGA Australia
This presentation provides an overview of GMP clearance application process, the TGA compliance risk framework, major deficiencies and manufacturing quality challenges.
This presentation gives a overview of the new FDA draft guidance on Analytical Method Validation and compares it with the older version issued in the year 2000.
Regulatory affairs is a profession that has developed to ensure the safety and efficacy of regulated products like pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and cosmetics. Regulatory affairs professionals are responsible for understanding and complying with regulations, collecting scientific data, and submitting applications to regulatory agencies to obtain approval to market products. They provide strategic guidance to companies on navigating the regulatory process from product development through marketing approval and post-market compliance. Ensuring compliance with regulations governing manufacturing, quality management systems, advertising, and other areas is important for regulatory affairs.
Drug Regulations is a Not for Profit Organizations which provides free online resources for the Pharmaceutical Professional. This presentation is part A of series of presentations which addresses the current Good Manufacturing Requirements as per the US FDA. This presentation addresses Status , Scope & Definitions
This presentation provides information from the FDA document "QUALITY METRICS TECHNICAL CONFORMANCE GUIDE". It outlines 27 data elements for reporting quality metrics to the FDA, including information like drug name, application type, test results, complaints, and establishment details. The goal is to help ensure clear expectations for submitting quality metric data to support the FDA's objectives of ensuring safe, high-quality drug production.
PIC/S Guide to GMP PE009-13 - Key changes to Annex 15 - Qualification and val...TGA Australia
The TGA has now legislated version 13 of the PIC/S guide to GMP for medicinal products with a transition period for implementation ending at the end of 2018. Some of the biggest changes in this version were in Annex 15 – Qualification and Validation. This has an impact across all areas in including small to medium sized manufacturers as well as sponsors who need to understand the impact in their supply chain including contract manufacturing and storage and transportation.
Drug Regulations is a Not for Profit Organizations which provides free online resources for the Pharmaceutical Professional. This presentation is part D of series of presentations which addresses the current Good Manufacturing Requirements as per the US FDA. This presentation addresses : Equipment
This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which are applicable to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes used for the manufacture of medicinal products and may also be used as supplementary optional guidance for active substances without introduction of additional requirements to EudraLex, Volume 4, Part II. It is a GMP requirement that manufacturers control the critical aspects of their particular operations through qualification and validation over the life cycle of the product and process. Any planned changes to the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes, which may affect the quality of the product, should be formally documented and the impact on the validated status or control strategy assessed. Computerised systems used for the manufacture of medicinal products should also be validated according to the requirements of Annex 11. The relevant concepts and guidance presented in ICH Q8, Q9, Q10 and Q11 should also be taken into account.
Highlights of the guidance are given in following presentation.
The document discusses quality metrics that are used in the pharmaceutical industry to monitor quality control systems and processes. It defines three key quality metrics that the FDA intends to calculate: (1) Lot Acceptance Rate (LAR), which measures the number of accepted lots versus total lots started; (2) Invalidated Out-of-Specification Rate (IOOSR), which measures invalidated out-of-specification test results versus total out-of-specification results; and (3) Product Quality Complaint Rate (PQCR), which measures the number of quality complaints received versus total units distributed. Quality metrics are important to ensure acceptable product quality and assess performance and improvements.
Presentation: Transparency initiatives and the TGATGA Australia
This presentation provides an overview of the web publication of Australian Public Assessment Reports (AusPARs), including findings of the recent survey.
Presentation: Risk minimisation in the Australian contextTGA Australia
This presentation describes Risk Minimisation including general principles and the tools available for the development of Risk Minimisation Plans (RMPs)
Online Clinical Trial Notification (CTN)TGA Australia
This presentation provides a brief background on the TGA's role in the regulation of clinical trials as well as guidance on using the new online Clinical Trial Notification form
Consultation on “Guidance on variations to biologicals included in the Register”TGA Australia
An overview of the open consultation on “Guidance on variations to biologicals included in the Register” including a summary of major changes from the previous version of the guidance.
Expert review of medicines and medical devices regulation: Prescription medic...TGA Australia
This presentation outlines proposals for implementation of several recommendations from the Review of Medicines and Medical Devices Regulation relevant to prescription medicines, including expedited pathways for registration, enhanced post-market monitoring, variations to registered medicines, work sharing with comparable overseas regulators, and the use of overseas assessment reports.
Top 10 hospital registration clerk interview questions and answersjoevictor464
In this file, you can ref interview materials for hospital registration clerk such as types of interview questions, hospital registration clerk situational interview, hospital registration clerk behavioral interview…
The presentation is all about patient registration in hospital in which the receptionist register the details of patient and data is directly access by doctor.
Hi! This is a slide show that make me feel to upload that, in our college the final year project assignment has been adopted from this slide. So you guys really feel that this slide is a great one to download and have a look exactly whats are in a Hospital management system has.
This document discusses various post-approval requirements and processes for pharmaceutical drugs, including prior approval supplements, changes being effected in 30 days supplements, annual reports, labeling changes, recalls, FDA inspections, and ISO 31000 risk management standards. It provides details on submission requirements and timelines for different types of post-approval changes, as well as FDA enforcement actions like warning letters, seizures, and injunctions.
Arcs presentation-reg-affairs-interest-sessionTGA Australia
George Masri provided an overview of proposed changes to Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) fees and charges in 2018-19, including those from the implementation of the Medical Devices Reform Bill 2. Key points included new fees for provisional approval pathways for medicines, changes to fees for listed and registered complementary medicines, fees for designating conformity assessment bodies, and potential increases to Good Manufacturing Practice licensing fees and annual charges for medical devices, complementary medicines, and provisional registrations. The session outlined proposed fee amounts and structures for various applications and assessments to better recover costs while streamlining regulations.
This ppt provides a brief overview of the regulatory evaluationprocess for New Applications under various types - Mutual recognition process, Decentralized procedure along with an overview of Grouping variations & Worksharing procedures.
Improvement & Transformation TTO project Final Report Out Jan 16Nick Holding
The document summarizes process improvement efforts to reduce turnaround times for patient discharge medications (TTOs) and discharge summaries at a hospital. Key findings include:
- TTO lead times were reduced by 67% (3 hours) through testing various changes over two kaizen events.
- One ward saw patient discharge delays reduced by an average of 10 hours per day.
- Changes could release up to 300 hours of bed time per day across inpatient units.
- Areas of focus included ordering, picking, delivering, and producing TTOs and discharge summaries more efficiently.
The document provides summaries of regulatory updates from 2015, including:
- New and revised FDA, Eudralex, WHO, and Indian Gazette guidelines.
- ICH announced organizational changes to become more globally inclusive.
- FDA released a new method validation guideline for biologics and updated requirements for quality metrics reporting.
- Eudralex provided new guidance on excipient GMP and prevention of cross-contamination in facilities and production.
OTC Business Process Review - achievements and opportunitiesTGA Australia
The presentation was given by the TGA at the 2014 ARCS Scientific Congress, and covers TGA's progress on the OTC Business Process Review, including strategies and identified future opportunities
Introduction to changes to the TGA's Clinical Trial Notification (CTN) processTGA Australia
This presentation is an overview of the upcoming transition from a paper based Clinical Trial Notification (CTN) process to an online process through the TGA's online portal: eBusiness Services (eBS).
Type 1A and 1B variations are minor variations that have minimal or no impact on safety, efficacy, or quality. Type 1A variations are further divided into those requiring immediate notification ("IAIN") and those not requiring it ("IA"). Type II variations are major variations that may significantly impact safety, efficacy, or quality. Extensions apply to changes like new strengths or forms and require full evaluation. Variations are submitted based on classification and some can be grouped together in a single submission. The process involves regulatory submission and approval timelines that differ based on variation type. Marketing authorizations must be renewed every 5 years upon application by the holder to remain valid indefinitely.
Periodic Safety Update Reports: Some commonly asked questionsTGA Australia
This document discusses periodic safety update reports (PSURs), which are required to be submitted regularly to regulatory agencies to evaluate the benefit-risk profile of medicines on the market. It provides answers to commonly asked questions about PSUR requirements, timing of submissions, and what the regulatory agency does with the submitted reports. Key points covered include that PSURs are due annually for 3 years from approval, have a 90 day submission window after the data lock point, and are reviewed for safety changes, new signals, and significant new safety information. Contact information is provided for questions.
Comparison of Drug Approval Process in United States & EuropeChandra Mohan
The document discusses the drug approval process and types of variations in the European Union. It outlines 4 types of variations: Type I A/B, which are minor variations that can be implemented with notification; Type II, which are major variations requiring approval; and Extensions, which require evaluation similar to the initial approval. It provides examples and timelines for processing the different variation types, which range from 30 days for Type I to 90 or 120 days for complex Type II variations. Renewals of marketing authorizations are valid for 5 years and can be renewed upon application by the holder.
- The document summarizes changes made to the NCQA Patient-Centered Medical Home 2014 survey tool between November 2014 and November 2015.
- Changes include adding text to clarify requirements, modifying documentation requirements, and aligning standards with modified meaningful use requirements.
- A new organizational background section and tabs for conversions and multi-site submissions were added.
Regulatory Reform - Are we heading in the right direction?TGA Australia
The document summarizes updates from the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) regarding regulatory reform efforts. Key points include: 1) TGA is restructuring to improve processes; 2) The government aims to improve innovation through regulatory reform while ensuring safety; and 3) TGA is working to streamline complementary medicine processes, international cooperation, manufacturing standards, and labelling reviews. The assistant secretary notes reforms are improving processes under the existing framework while further changes may come from ongoing reviews.
TGA presentation: Codeine Industry Forum - Regulatory options for up-schedulingTGA Australia
To provide sponsors of OTC codeine products with information on how to submit an application to change the class of their product from OTC to prescription medicine
This document provides an overview of the key changes between ISO 13485:2003 and ISO 13485:2016 for quality management systems in the medical device industry. It discusses definitions, the timeline for transition, and what is new in each section of the updated standard, including expanded requirements for design and development, purchasing, production, and complaint handling. The changes are aimed at increasing risk-based approaches and ensuring continued compliance with evolving regulations.
This document summarizes a workshop discussing proposals to improve the timeliness of pension and investment transfers between financial institutions in the UK. Key discussion points included clarifying the definition of a "step" in the transfer process, exemptions to the proposed 48-hour standard for completing each step, data needs to monitor industry performance, and implementation timeframes. The group aimed to draft an industry statement by end of 2017 outlining the scope, exemptions and timelines for adopting the 48-hour standard across different parts of the financial sector.
The document outlines the audit process which typically includes 4 stages - planning, fieldwork, audit report, and follow-up review. During planning, the auditor notifies the client, discusses objectives and scope, and plans remaining steps. Fieldwork involves transaction testing, communications, and working papers. The final audit report is then issued along with a follow-up review approximately one year later to verify resolution of any findings.
SUPAC, BACPAC, Post Marketing SurveillanceMANIKANDAN V
This document discusses various guidelines related to product development and technology transfer in the pharmaceutical industry. It covers SUPAC, BACPAC, and post-marketing surveillance. SUPAC provides guidance for scale-up and post-approval changes, categorizing changes into different levels based on their potential impact. BACPAC guidance addresses post-approval changes for bulk active pharmaceutical ingredients. Post-marketing surveillance involves monitoring adverse drug events after approval to ensure ongoing safety and effectiveness.
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Regulatory updates from the Complementary and OTC Medicines Branch - Listed m...TGA Australia
The document discusses several regulatory reforms for listed medicines in Australia, including:
1. Permitted indications which provide a list of approved health benefit claims for listed medicines and require sponsors to select from this list, improving transparency.
2. An assessed listed pathway which allows pre-market evaluation of efficacy claims, providing access to higher-level health claims.
3. A "TGA assessed" label claim indicating the medicine's efficacy has been evaluated, improving consumer awareness and confidence.
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The document provides an overview of novel biological therapies such as gene therapy, cell therapy, and tissue engineering in Australia. It discusses the regulatory pathways through the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for approval of these therapies. Clinical trials of novel biological therapies must be submitted through the CTX scheme for approval rather than just notification. Guidelines from the European Medicines Agency are a good resource for requirements for registration and approval of these therapies in Australia. Risks associated with gene therapy include potential for delayed adverse effects, off-target effects, insertional mutagenesis, and immune responses.
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Update on regulatory reforms from the Scientific Evaluation BranchTGA Australia
Presentation on the latest on variations, Generic Medicines Reform Program, Human cells and tissue regulation (excluded goods), Faecal Microbiota Transplantation and 2D DataMatrix codes for medicines
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Presentation: Prescription medicine registration process performance
1. Prescription medicine registration process performance
The milestone-based process 2010 - 2016
Dr Paul Huleatt
Business Review and Reporting Section
Prescription Medicines Authorisation Branch
Medicines Regulation Division, TGA
ARCS Scientific Congress Canberra 2016
11 August 2016
2. Overview
The prescription medicine registration process
• Background
• Process Performance Part 1: Timeliness and Predictability
• Process Performance Part 2: Milestone Analysis
• Process Support: Case management and Enabling Tools
• New initiatives: A simplified pre-submission phase
1
3. Background
The prescription medicine registration process
• In 2010 the TGA, in consultation with industry introduced a series of Business Process Reforms (BPR)
that aimed to introduce predictability and improve the timeliness of the registration of prescription
medicines.
• A commitment was also made to increase the transparency of the TGA’s internal practices and to
enhance communication with applicants.
• The ‘Streamlined Submission Process’ for prescription medicine category 1 and 2 submissions was
introduced.
• This milestone-based process consisting of eight phases with eight milestones is intended to allow
effective planning and tracking of submissions by the TGA and applicants.
• The process is underpinned by business rules, mandatory requirements and legislated timeframes. 2
4. Background
Volume of Submissions by Quarter (Nov-2010 to Jun-2016)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Total
A
B
C
D
F
J
Since the July 2014 batch
775 PPFs submitted
95 Type A (12.3%)
13 Type B (1.7%)
97 Type C (12.5%)
297 Type D (38.3%)
96 Type F (12.4%)
162 Type J (20.9%)
15 Type G or H (1.9%)
3
6. Streamlined submission process
From inception until June 2013
MS2 MS3MS1 MS4 MS5 MS7 MS8ACPM
Delegate’s Overview
4-5 months ~ 2-3 months 3 weeks 1 month
MS6
7. Streamlined submission process
All Category 1 Submissions except new generic medicines - July 2013 batch onwards
MS2 MS3MS1 MS4 MS5 MS7 MS8ACPM
Delegate’s Overview
5 months 6 weeks 6 weeks~ 2-3 months
MS6
8. Streamlined submission process
New generic medicines workflow - July 2013 batch onwards
MS2 MS3MS1 MS4 MS5 MS7 MS8
4 months 6 weeks 6 weeks2 months
9. Overview
The prescription medicine registration process
• Background
• Process Performance Part 1: Timeliness and Predictability
• Process Performance Part 2: Milestone Analysis
• Process Support: Case management and Enabling Tools
• New initiatives: A simplified pre-submission phase
8
10. Benchmarking performance – Type A submissions
Approval times shown in calendar days
Time from ‘effective’ to ‘decision’
Analysis
Performed
Registration Process
Number of
Type A
Submissions
Approved
Average Median Minimum Maximum
May 2015
Pre-BPR (from 2004-2010) 207 434 427 119 968
Cohort 1
(Pre-business rule changes)
60 360 353 270 567
June 2016
Cohort 2
(Post-business rule changes)
68 360 346.5 166 713
Reduction in average approval time of over 2 months
These times do not take into account the three month pre-submission and submission phases of the current process or
the 40 working day screening phase of the previous process.
9
11. Benchmarking performance – Type A Submissions
Stop Clocks
Pre-BPR (2004-2010)
An average of 7 clock stops per NCE submission were applied.
Combined SSP Cohorts (Type A Submissions)
Of the 128 submissions:
- 103 were processed with the single, planned stop clock phase (80%)
- 17 submissions experienced an additional Mutual Stop the Clock (i.e. a total of 2 stop clock events)
- 5 submissions were processed with two Mutual Stop the Clocks (i.e. a total of 3 stop clock events)
- 3 submissions were processed with three Mutual Stop the Clocks (i.e. a total of 4 stop clock events)
10
12. Benchmarking performance – Extensions of indications
Approval times shown in calendar days
Time from ‘effective’ to ‘decision’
Analysis
Performed
Registration Process
Number of
Type C
Submissions
Approved
Average Median Minimum Maximum
June 2016
Cohort 1
(post business rule changes)
73 331 334 187 510
Average approval time around 1 month less than for Type A submissions
These times do not take into account the three month pre-submission and submission phases of the current process.
11
13. Benchmarking performance – New generic medicines
Time from ‘effective’ to ‘decision’
Analysis
Performed
Registration Process
Number of
Type D
Submissions
Approved
Average Median Minimum Maximum
June 2015 Pre-BPR 145 428 432 61 891
June 2016
Cohort 1
(Pre-business rule changes)
82 316 317 196 608
June 2015
Cohort 2
(Post-business rule changes)
77 297 293 210 394
February 2016 Cohort 3 74 352 301.5 217 874
June 2016 Cohort 4 60 348 291 226 802
Approval times shown in calendar days
Reduction in average approval time of over 2 months.
These times do not take into account the three month pre-submission and submission phases of the current process or
the 40 working day screening phase of the previous process.
12
14. Benchmarking performance – New generic medicines
Timeframe: acceptance of the dossier for evaluation until decision
• Pre-BPR (145 submissions)
– 20% took longer than 500 calendar days
– 66% took longer than 400 calendar days
– 91% took longer than 300 calendar days
– Average of 3 stop clock events
• Combined SSP cohorts (293 submissions)
– 6% took longer than 500 calendar days
– 12% took longer than 400 calendar days
– 54% took longer than 300 calendar days
13
15. Overview
The prescription medicine registration process
• Background
• Process Performance Part 1: Timeliness and Predictability
• Process Performance Part 2: Milestone Analysis
• Process Support: Case management and Enabling Tools
• New initiatives: A simplified pre-submission phase
14
16. Methodology
• Planned dates were taken from the Notification Letter issued at Milestone 2.
• Actual dates were taken from the letter sent to applicant (last correspondence on
record for that Milestone).
• The difference between ‘planned’ and ‘actual’ dates was determined in calendar
days.
• All of the submissions included in this analysis were approved within the
legislated 255 working days.
15
17. Analysis of performance – Type A submissions
• No notable delays were recorded at Milestones 1 and 2.
• The ACPM meeting outcomes comprise Milestone 6 and are based on the
relevant ratified ACPM calendar dates. This Milestone is met with respect to
the Delegate’s Overview.
• Focus on Milestones 3, 5, 7, 8 and the planned ACPM meeting.
18. Type A Submissions
Milestone 3 Milestone 5 ACPM Milestone 7 Milestone 8
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Not sent to ACPM
Moved to earlier meeting
Met planned meeting
Mutually agreed deferral
Deferred due to delays
On time and early
Day after public holiday/weekend
Within 1 week
1-2 weeks
More than 2 weeks
On time and early
Day after public holiday/weekend
Within 1 week
1-2 weeks
More than 2 weeks
19. Comparative performance – Type A submissions
Pre- and post-business rule changes
• Overall predictability of the approval date (Milestone 7) has improved.
• Delays experienced at end of evaluation rounds (Milestones 3 and 5).
• Delays at Milestone 5 reflect provision of final evaluation reports with the
Delegate’s overview
• ACPM target met for 86% of submissions.
• Planned registration date now being met for >80% of submissions. 18
20. Analysis of performance – Type A submissions
Difference between actual and planned dates
The reasons for these differences were sought and the following
factors were identified:
• Applicant submits additional information (which may require a mutual
stop clock)
• TGA requests additional data requiring evaluation (which may
require a mutual stop clock)
• Post-ACPM negotiation (involving, for example, the PI or RMP) 19
21. Analysis of performance – New generic medicines
Time from ‘effective’ to ‘decision’
Registration Process
Number of Type
D Submissions
Approved
Average Median Minimum Maximum
Cohort 1
(Pre-business rule changes)
82 316 317 196 608
Cohort 2
(Post-business rule changes)
77 297 293 210 394
Cohort 3 74 352 301.5 217 874
Cohort 4 60 348 291 226 802
• No notable delays were recorded at Milestones 1 and 2 for the generic medicines analysed.
• Focus on Milestones 3, 5, 7 and 8.
20
22. New Generic Medicines
On time and early
Day after public holiday
/weekend
Within 1 week
1-2 weeks
More than 2 weeks
Milestone 3 Milestone 5 Milestone 7 Milestone 8
Cohort 1
Pre-business rule changes
Cohort 2
Post-business rule changes
Cohort 3
Cohort 4
21
23. Analysis of Performance – New generic medicines
Combined cohort analysis – 293 submissions
• <10% of submissions were on time or early at every milestone
• 49% of submissions were on time or early at Milestone 3
– Pre-business rule changes: 75% of submissions on time at Milestone 3 were also on time at Milestone 7
– Post-business rule changes: 49% of submissions on time at Milestone 3 were also on time at Milestone 7
• 43% of submissions were on time or early at Milestone 7
– 88% of those submissions were subsequently on time or early at Milestone 8
– 10% of those submissions were subsequently late at Milestone 8 and the average delay was 134 days.
22
24. Overview
The prescription medicine registration process
• Background
• Process Performance Part 1: Timeliness and Predictability
• Process Performance Part 2: Milestone Analysis
• Process Support: Case management and Enabling Tools
• New initiatives: A simplified pre-submission phase
23
25. Case management and enabling tools
Support for applicants
• Dedicated staff – 1 case manager per stream
• On-going support throughout the registration process (streamlinedsubmission@tga.gov.au)
• Correspondence at all milestones, e.g. Milestone letters and evaluation reports
• Evaluation plan estimation tool (https://www.tga.gov.au/prescription-medicine-evaluation-plan-
estimator)
24
26. Overview
The prescription medicine registration process
• Background
• Process Performance Part 1: Timeliness and Predictability
• Process Performance Part 2: Milestone Analysis
• Process Support: Case management and Enabling Tools
• New initiatives: A simplified pre-submission phase
25
27. Pre-submission Pilot - Overview
• From 1 Feb 2016 until 30 September 2016
• No ‘Module 2 or equivalent’ provided with Pre-submission Planning Form
• Reduced processing time (single filter)
• No Milestone 1 planning letter
• Standard business rules apply once dossier is accepted for evaluation
• Eligible applications:
NCEs or New Generic Medicines with Version 3.0 eCTD dossier (AU specification)
26
28. Pre-submission Pilot vs standard process
Comparative submission timelines
PPF lodgement PPF Filter Dossier Filter
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5
Milestone 1 Milestone 2
Dossier
lodgement Evaluation
Dossier
lodgement
Dossier Filter
Milestone 2
PPF
lodgement
15th of month
Standard
Process
Pilot
Process
Evaluation
29. Summary
The prescription medicine registration process
• Background
• Process Performance Part 1: Timeliness and Predictability - Significantly improved
• Process Performance Part 2: Milestone Analysis - Clear areas for future focus
• Process Support: Case management and Enabling Tools - Key to all stakeholders
• New initiatives: A simplified pre-submission phase - Continual process improvement
28