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Presentation on Sediments by AVAL
The document discusses the fundamentals of soil and water conservation engineering, focusing on sediment, its sources, factors affecting sediment yield, transportation, and load. It categorizes sediments into clastic and biogenic types, outlines key factors influencing sediment yield such as vegetation and rainfall, and provides details on sediment transport mechanisms. Additionally, it defines the types of sediment load including bedload, suspended load, and dissolved load.
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Presentation on Sediments by AVAL
- 1. Assignment of Fundamentalsof Soil andWater Conservation Engineering Topic - Sediment ; Source , Factors affecting sediment yield, Sediment transportation and Sediment load. Submitted By Arpit Jangid (K13584) Amrita Sharma (K13334) Aman Chandel (K13441) Vishal Malav (K13562) Lalit Kishor (K14051)
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- 3. What are thesediments ? Sediments are the small particles (i.e.- Soil Particles) which are the natural occurring materials that is broken down by the process of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water or ice and by the force of gravity acting on the particles. Sentiment is the accumulation of dirt and sand at the bottom of Lakes.
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- 5. Types of Sediments •Clasticand Biogenic Sediments •Clastic sediments, which are composed of clast (smaller grain of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering. •Biogenic Sediments, which are defined as containing at least 30 % skeletal remains of marine organisms, cover approximately 62% of the deep ocean floor.
- 6. Source of theSediments
- 7. Factor affecting theSediment yield •There are so many factors having impact on sediment yield, but there are only four important factor which are following- •Vegetation •Rainfall •Soil •Topography
- 8. Factor affecting theSediment yield Surface geology soils Marine shales Easily disperesed, high shrink-swell characteristics Climate Infrequent convective storms, freeze-thaw occurrence Runoff High peak flows; low volumes Topography Moderate slopes Ground cover Sparse, little or no litter Land use Intensive grazed Upland erosion More than 50% rill and gully erosion Channel erosion Occassionally eroding banks and bed but short flow duration.
- 9. Sediment transportation Sediment transportis the movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and/or the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. Sediment transport occurs in natural systems where the particles are clastic rocks (sand, gravel, boulders, etc.), mud, or clay; the fluid is air, water, or ice; and the force of gravity acts to move the particles along the sloping surface on which they are resting. Sediment transport due only to gravity can occur on sloping surfaces in genera Knowledge of sediment transport is most often used to determine whether erosion or deposition will occur.
- 10. Sediment load The solidmaterial that is transported by a natural agent, especially by a stream are known as Sediment load.
- 11. Types of Sedimentload •Bedload , Suspended load & Dissolved load •Bedload :That portion of the sediment load that is transported along the bed by sliding, rolling or hopping. Bedload moves at velocity slower than the flow. •Suspended : Particulate sediment that is carried in the body of the flow. Suspended load moves at the same velocity as the flow. •Dissolved load : Material that is chemically carried in the water.
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