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PRESENTATION ON GLASS.pptx
- 1. Case study
- 4. • Plate glass made by allowing it to solidify on a layer of molten metal • It the most common glass used in the construction industry • They have a uniform thickness and are very flat • The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, named after the British glass manufacturer Pilkington, which pioneered the technique Float glass
- 5. Float glass uses common glass-making raw materials, typically consisting of sand, soda ash (sodium carbonate), dolomite, limestone, and salt cake (sodium sulfate) They are classified into five broad categories based on the market demand • Clear float glass • Tinted float glass • Reflective float glass • Frosted float glass • Ultra clear float glass • Mirror glass • Lacquered glass
- 6. Clear Float Glass Its the basic glass made and all other glasses are just add-ons to the clear float glass 0% 50% 100% 150% Light Heat Light and Heat comparision Price 1 sq.ft 5mm glass slab- ₹45
- 7. Tinted float glass This term refers to any glass that has been treated with a material such as a film or coating that reduces the transmission of light through it. Glass can be tinted with various types of coating, which block and/or reflect different amounts and types of light, according to the needs and preferences of the consumer. 0% 20% 40% 60% Light Heat Light and Heat comparision Price 1 sq.ft 5mm glass slab- ₹55 Production of Tinted glass
- 8. Reflective Glass Window glass which has been coated on the outside with a transparent metallic coating to reflect a significant fraction of the light and radiant heat which strikes it. 0% 20% 40% 60% Light Heat Light and Heat comparision Price 1 sq.ft 5mm glass slab- ₹65 Low emissivity and good solar control. Reflective properties help eliminate interior reflection for a perfect look and more design flexibility.
- 9. Frosted glass Frosted glass is produced by the sandblasting or acid etching of clear sheet glass. It has the effect of rendering the glass translucent by scattering of light during transmission, thus blurring images while still transmitting light. • To obtain visual privacy while admitting light. • Decorative patterns may be imposed upon otherwise plain glass by using wax or other resist to retain transparent areas. • Frosted glass in light bulbs is used for evenly distributing the light from the bulb's filament across its surface area.
- 10. Acid and Sand Frosted glass ₹0 ₹50 ₹100 Sand Acid Price Quality Comparison Acid frosted glass are higher in price and quality because of it properties • Better texture • Oil stain resistant • Variety and choice of design available Price 1 sq.ft 5mm acid frosted with design glass slab - ₹100 1 sq.ft 5mm acid frosted glass slab - ₹75 1 sq.ft 5mm sand frosted glass slab - ₹50- ₹55 The price difference is mainly because acid frosted glasses are imported (from places like china)
- 11. Ultra clear glass Low iron glass is ultra clear and provides a higher degree of transparency than clear float glass. This optimum clarity is achieved by removing most of the iron oxide content used to produce glass. The improved clarity of low iron glass compared with clear float glass is barely discernable unless the two types of glass are viewed against a coloured background Price 1 sq.ft 5mm glass slab- ₹92
- 12. Comparison between clear and ultra clear glass Glass Light transmission* % Thickness 3mm 4mm 5mm 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 15mm Clear Float Glass 89 89 88 87 86 85 84 82 Ultra clear Glass 91.7 91.6 91.5 91.4 91.2 90.0 90.0 90.3 • Substantially reduced green tinge • This eliminates colour distortion apparent in clear float glass. • Enhanced external viewing • Gives glass the highest degree of visible light transmission.
- 13. Lacquered glass Colored and opaque in appearance, produced by depositing and then baking a coating of lacquer to one side. • With colour and light effects, lacquered glass helps convey a bright and creative appearance for walls and furniture. • As the lacquer is applied to the back of the glass, it is protected from damage, ensuring durability. • This variety of glass can be used in high humidity rooms, such as kitchens and bathrooms. Price 1 sq.ft 5mm glass slab- ₹240
- 14. Mirror Glass Mirrors are manufactured by applying a reflective coating to a suitable substrate. The most common substrate is glass, due to its transparency, ease of fabrication, rigidity, hardness, and ability to take a smooth finish. The reflective coating is typically applied to the back surface of the glass, so that the reflecting side of the coating is protected from corrosion and accidental damage by the glass on one side and the coating itself and optional paint for further protection on the other. Types of mirror • Plane mirror • Concave mirror • Convex mirror Types of glass • Aluminium glass mirror • Low aluminium glass mirror • Safety glass mirror • Silk glass mirror • Silver glass mirror Price 1 sq.ft 5mm glass slab- ₹65
- 16. Toughened Glass Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the inner surfaces into tension. Price 12 mm 1 sq ft glass- ₹190 0% 50% 100% Float glass Toughene… Toughness
- 17. Production Glasses are chosen Cut Holes are drilled Passed through a furnace of about 650⁰c slow cooling • Slow cooling is the reason for the toughness • Slow cooling increases the strength to about 20% • Toughened glass cannot be altered • This is also the reason for the high cost
- 19. Laminated glass PVB-poly vinyl butyl Toughened glass Double glaze units Air gap Toughened glass Double glaze units • Used in automobile wind shield • Used in hotels, sound proof rooms, recording theatres etc • Similarly many such materials can be added to make different kinds of tempered glass • Any glass can be toughened except for lacquered glass • The price differs according to the glass which is toughened and the material used inside • Toughened glass breaks into sugar like particle and hence not harmful
- 20. Major glass manufacturers in India Indo- French company Indigenous company Indo- Japanese company Indo-US company
- 21. One of the important aspect for glass retailing is ware- housing Manufacturing companies stop with the manufacture of the glass Glasses are manufactured in standard size and dimensions It is in the wear house the glass undergo process like An investment of 500cr INR is needed to setup a glass manufacturing company And an investment of 5cr INR is needed to setup a toughened glass manufacturing company WAREHOUSING 1. Cutting 2. Polishing 3. Edge polishing 4. Etching 5. Bending
- 22. ₹0 ₹50 ₹100 ₹150 ₹200 ₹250 Clear Tinted Reflective Acid frosted Sand froster Acid frosted design Ultra clear Lacqured Price Price Price for 5mm glass slab of 1 sqft
- 23. Reasons contributing for price variation • As the value additions increase the price also increases • The variation in price is also influenced from where it is imported • Usually as the demand increase the price also increase • Other factors like thickness and size of the glass influence the price • Promotion and establishment of a brand/company also influence the price(Marginal variation in price)
- 24. Glass blocks Glass brick, also known as glass block, is an architectural element made from glass. Glass bricks provide visual obscuration while admitting light. Price • White/plain-₹175 • Coloured- ₹250 • Colour frosted- ₹280 [for interior and exterior] • Inner colour(for interior only)- ₹500 [this colour fades with sunlight and so is used only for interiors]
- 25. Glass pillar Price Rate per running feet • Normal/white -₹ 800 • Colour - ₹1500 • Round white -₹1300 • Round colour- ₹1750
- 26. Thank you!