Presentation Japan Yen
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The Japanese yen has a managed floating exchange rate against the U.S. dollar that is influenced by interest rates. Historically, the yen was fixed to the dollar during WWII but became floating in the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, the Plaza Accord recognized the yen was undervalued and it appreciated to around 80 yen per dollar by 1995. Currently, the exchange rate is around 82 yen per dollar and forecasting models like PPP and IFE/IRP are used to predict future exchange rates.
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This document discusses and compares fixed and floating exchange rate systems. Under a fixed exchange rate system, a country's currency is pegged to another currency at a fixed rate. This stabilizes currency values but the system is vulnerable to speculation. Most currencies now float freely based on supply and demand. A floating exchange rate allows independent monetary policy and automatic balance of payments adjustments. While no system is definitively better, advanced economies tend to use floating rates while developing economies may benefit more from fixed rates initially.
Why is japanese yen so strong
The Japanese yen has strengthened against the US dollar over the past 20 years. A strong yen poses problems for Japan's economy, especially export-focused industries. The strength of a currency is determined by trade balances - if Japan has a large trade surplus, it increases demand for the yen. While the Bank of Japan has increased the money supply to weaken the yen, it has not been enough compared to other central banks like the US Federal Reserve. A continued strong yen over the past 20 years has been a major challenge for Japan's economy and contributed to periods of depression.
US Dollar and Foreign Exchange Rate.docx
The document discusses the US dollar exchange rate and factors that influence it. It provides background on how exchange rates are determined in foreign exchange markets. Recent performance of the US dollar has fluctuated, experiencing a bull market in the late 1990s followed by a bear market through the early 2000s. The value of the US dollar is influenced by interest rates, demand and supply, trade balances, and the rise of the euro as an alternative reserve currency. Pressure from the euro and trade deficits with China and others have contributed to the gradual decline of the US dollar against other major currencies in recent years.
Why is the japanese yen so strong?
The Japanese yen has been unusually strong compared to the US dollar. This is partly due to demand for Japanese assets from foreign investors diversifying their reserves. The yen is seen as a stable currency during global economic crises, though a too-strong yen hurts Japanese companies' ability to export. Contributing factors include Japan's aging population slowing growth and investors pulling money out of other countries into Japan after its 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
Currency pairs
The euro and US dollar: EUR/USD.
The US dollar and Japanese yen: USD/JPY.
The British pound sterling and US dollar: GBP/USD.
The US dollar and Swiss franc: USD/CHF.
Dollar and euro
1) The dollar has declined in value by 40% against the euro over the past 6 years, driven by declining US interest rates and concerns about the large US debt and current account deficit.
2) The euro has increased in standing as an international reserve currency since its introduction, though the dollar remains the dominant reserve currency with over double the holdings of the euro.
3) Experts suggest that the euro could replace the dollar as the primary international reserve currency if the dollar's decline continues due to concerns about the US debt.
3-the-foreign-exchange-market.pptx
The Bretton Woods system established the US dollar as the world's central currency, pegged to gold, after World War 2. This led to rapid global trade growth. However, the costs of the Vietnam War and US trade deficits weakened the dollar by the 1970s. In 1971, Nixon ended the gold standard due to insufficient US gold reserves to back dollars in circulation. This collapse ended fixed exchange rates and established today's global foreign exchange market of floating currencies trading against each other. The forex market facilitates international trade and investment but introduces risks from currency fluctuations that must be managed.
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Presentation Japan Yen
- 1. Currency Report Yasir Khan SamerKuwatly UthmanKhawaja IdeenRazzaghi Shana Uthayalingam Japanese Yen
- 3. 1971-1973, US left gold standard, Yen became floating currency
- 7. Current Exchange rate: ¥82.9324 per USD
- 14. YTM of US bonds was low compared to Japanese bonds
- 16. Led to appreciation of Japanese currency
- 17. US projected account deficit of $800billion
- 19. Japanese become safety net
- 20. Yen becomes attractive for risk-averse investor