Presentation in IAEA RUSFD congress, 2014 Vicent_Net
3D printed modular stellarator UST_2 is being constructed in Spain to validate new construction methods for stellarators using 3D printing and modular design. UST_2 will be a small, 3-period quasi-isodynamic stellarator with a major radius of 0.26m and plasma volume of 10 litres. Its half-periods will be 3D printed and then filled with resin to form robust modular coils. Initial tests of 3D printed accuracy and coil winding have been successful. The goal is to demonstrate faster and lower-cost stellarator construction to facilitate future research and reactor designs.
Seminar in MIT '19 USA, on ignition i-ASTER and UST_X seriesVicent_Net
The document summarizes a seminar given by Dr. Vicente Queral on 3D-printed fusion devices and high-field ignition stellarators. It discusses:
1) Past work on small stellarators UST-1 and UST-2 that validated new fabrication techniques like additive manufacturing and composite monolithic supports.
2) The ongoing UST-3 stellarator project using additive manufacturing and fiber-reinforced resin to achieve higher magnetic fields.
3) The proposed i-ASTER stellarator concept aimed at ignition at high magnetic fields of 9.8T, utilizing massive resistive coils, detachable half-periods, and advanced power handling systems to manage the intense heat and particle loads.
2018, Seminar offered to ‘ENN Energy Research Institute’ researchers/engineer...Vicent_Net
Seminar of 50 minutes focused on certain features of stellarators, importance of high field for experimental and commercial fusion, and high-field ignition-capable stellarators, in particular i-ASTER stellarator. Also, a high-field small experimental non-ignition pi-ASTER stellarators and resistive-coil fusion power plants are cited. The outline of the seminar includes: Features of stellarators (complexity of coils, compactness, confinement, simplicity), Why a stellarator? Why high field for a experimental (ignition) device?. Some properties of high-field ignition-capable stellarators. Technical features of i-ASTER.v1. The future.
Seminar in IPP Max-Planck. Only questions phase. 16-10-2015Vicent_Net
The presentation gives an overview of the 3D-printed UST_2 stellarator. The fabrication methods used, the results and the current status are summarised.
Seminar given in UCSD, USA, 2014 (Univ. California San Diego, California)Vicent_Net
Vicente Queral from CIEMAT presented on the 3D printed UST_2 stellarator fusion device. UST_2 aims to develop new construction methods for stellarators using 3D printing and casting. It is a small 3 period stellarator with major radius of 0.26m designed based on the QIPCC3 configuration. Construction is underway and initial e-beam mapping experiments show good agreement with calculations, validating the design. The presentation discussed the engineering concepts and status of the UST_2 construction.
Presentation in IAEA RUSFD vacuum vessel UST_2 12-10-2015Vicent_Net
Oral contribution to the IAEA meeting 'Research Using Small Fusion Devices' in Prague, 12-10-2015. The different methods researched and tested in order to produce a low cost contorted vacuum vessel for the UST_2 stellarator are reported .
Presentation in Physics Meeting in CIEMAT about high-field stellarators 24-10...Vicent_Net
A short presentation given in the Physics Meeting in the National Fusion Laboratory, CIEMAT (Spain, EU) about high-field stellarators on 24-10-2018. The focus of the presentation are high-field stellarators though some information is given on the particular case of the ignition-capable i-ASTER stellarator.
Present. SOFE '17 China: Talk in SOFE Symp 2017 Prospects for stellarators b...Vicent_Net
Oral Contribution tittled 'Prospects for stellarators based on additive manufacturing' given in TOFE (27th IEEE Symposium On Fusion Engineering), Shanghai, China, 2017, organized by 'Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory' and the 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE), USA.
The technologies, based on additive manufacturing (3D-printing), researched during the last years are summarised. Dimensional metrology studies of 3D-printed parts, 3Dformwork assays and, electrodeposition-electroplating studies for vacuum vessels are reported.The prospects for the appplication for the construction of certain fusion devices are discussed.
Presentation in IAEA RUSFD congress, 2014 Vicent_Net
3D printed modular stellarator UST_2 is being constructed in Spain to validate new construction methods for stellarators using 3D printing and modular design. UST_2 will be a small, 3-period quasi-isodynamic stellarator with a major radius of 0.26m and plasma volume of 10 litres. Its half-periods will be 3D printed and then filled with resin to form robust modular coils. Initial tests of 3D printed accuracy and coil winding have been successful. The goal is to demonstrate faster and lower-cost stellarator construction to facilitate future research and reactor designs.
Seminar in MIT '19 USA, on ignition i-ASTER and UST_X seriesVicent_Net
The document summarizes a seminar given by Dr. Vicente Queral on 3D-printed fusion devices and high-field ignition stellarators. It discusses:
1) Past work on small stellarators UST-1 and UST-2 that validated new fabrication techniques like additive manufacturing and composite monolithic supports.
2) The ongoing UST-3 stellarator project using additive manufacturing and fiber-reinforced resin to achieve higher magnetic fields.
3) The proposed i-ASTER stellarator concept aimed at ignition at high magnetic fields of 9.8T, utilizing massive resistive coils, detachable half-periods, and advanced power handling systems to manage the intense heat and particle loads.
2018, Seminar offered to ‘ENN Energy Research Institute’ researchers/engineer...Vicent_Net
Seminar of 50 minutes focused on certain features of stellarators, importance of high field for experimental and commercial fusion, and high-field ignition-capable stellarators, in particular i-ASTER stellarator. Also, a high-field small experimental non-ignition pi-ASTER stellarators and resistive-coil fusion power plants are cited. The outline of the seminar includes: Features of stellarators (complexity of coils, compactness, confinement, simplicity), Why a stellarator? Why high field for a experimental (ignition) device?. Some properties of high-field ignition-capable stellarators. Technical features of i-ASTER.v1. The future.
Seminar in IPP Max-Planck. Only questions phase. 16-10-2015Vicent_Net
The presentation gives an overview of the 3D-printed UST_2 stellarator. The fabrication methods used, the results and the current status are summarised.
Seminar given in UCSD, USA, 2014 (Univ. California San Diego, California)Vicent_Net
Vicente Queral from CIEMAT presented on the 3D printed UST_2 stellarator fusion device. UST_2 aims to develop new construction methods for stellarators using 3D printing and casting. It is a small 3 period stellarator with major radius of 0.26m designed based on the QIPCC3 configuration. Construction is underway and initial e-beam mapping experiments show good agreement with calculations, validating the design. The presentation discussed the engineering concepts and status of the UST_2 construction.
Presentation in IAEA RUSFD vacuum vessel UST_2 12-10-2015Vicent_Net
Oral contribution to the IAEA meeting 'Research Using Small Fusion Devices' in Prague, 12-10-2015. The different methods researched and tested in order to produce a low cost contorted vacuum vessel for the UST_2 stellarator are reported .
Presentation in Physics Meeting in CIEMAT about high-field stellarators 24-10...Vicent_Net
A short presentation given in the Physics Meeting in the National Fusion Laboratory, CIEMAT (Spain, EU) about high-field stellarators on 24-10-2018. The focus of the presentation are high-field stellarators though some information is given on the particular case of the ignition-capable i-ASTER stellarator.
Present. SOFE '17 China: Talk in SOFE Symp 2017 Prospects for stellarators b...Vicent_Net
Oral Contribution tittled 'Prospects for stellarators based on additive manufacturing' given in TOFE (27th IEEE Symposium On Fusion Engineering), Shanghai, China, 2017, organized by 'Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory' and the 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE), USA.
The technologies, based on additive manufacturing (3D-printing), researched during the last years are summarised. Dimensional metrology studies of 3D-printed parts, 3Dformwork assays and, electrodeposition-electroplating studies for vacuum vessels are reported.The prospects for the appplication for the construction of certain fusion devices are discussed.
Maidana - Modification of particle accelerators for cargo inspection applicat...Carlos O. Maidana
As part of an accelerator based Cargo Inspection System, studies were made to develop a Cabinet Safe System by Optimization of the Beam Optics of Microwave Linear Accelerators of the IAC-Varian series working on the S-band and standing wave pi/2 mode. Measurements, modeling and simulations of the main subsystems were done and a Multiple Solenoidal System was designed.
This Cabinet Safe System based on a Multiple Solenoidal System minimizes the radiation field generated by the low efficiency of the microwave accelerators by optimizing the RF waveguide system and by also trapping secondaries generated in the accelerator head. These secondaries are generated mainly due to instabilities in the exit window region and particles backscattered from the target. The electron gun was also studied and software for its right mechanical design and for its optimization was developed as well. Besides the standard design method, an optimization of the injection process is accomplished by slightly modifying the gun configuration and by placing a solenoid on the waist position while avoiding threading the cathode with the magnetic flux generated.
The Multiple Solenoidal System and the electron gun optimization are the backbone of a Cabinet Safe System that could be applied not only to the 25 MeV IAC-Varian microwave accelerators but, by extension, to machines of different manufacturers as well. Thus, they constitute the main topic of this paper.
The cathode ray tube consists of four main sections: an electron gun, deflection system, fluorescent screen, and glass tube and base. The electron gun produces electrons through thermionic emission. The deflection system uses electric and magnetic fields to control the electrons horizontally and vertically. The fluorescent screen displays where the electrons hit by emitting light. The glass tube and base protect the whole assembly and allow electrical connections. Common applications of CRTs include oscilloscopes, radar displays, televisions, and computer monitors.
Precise position control of a magnetic levitation system System using Differe...CHANDRASHEKHAR GUTTE
A cascaded sliding mode control for magnetic levitation systems. A disturbance observer-based sliding mode controller is designed for the electrical loop while a state and disturbance observer-based sliding mode controller is designed for the electromechanical loop. The overall stability of the system is rigorously established. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with a conventional linear quadratic regulator combined with a proportional-integral controller by simulation as well as experimentation on a magnetic levitation setup in a laboratory
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- A Novel Design of Flip Flop and its Application in Up CounterIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a novel design of flip flops and a 4-bit up counter using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. QCA is an emerging nanotechnology that could overcome scaling limitations of CMOS.
2) In QCA, logic states are represented by the position of electrons in quantum dots rather than voltage as in CMOS. Basic logic gates like inverters and majority gates are constructed using QCA cells.
3) The document designs various flip flops like SR, JK, D, and T flip flops in QCA and uses them to build a 4-bit up counter. Power consumption is shown to be lower for the QCA designs compared to
Contact Resistance of Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transi...Ryan Kim
The document presents a master's thesis defense on characterizing the contact resistance between single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene for thin film transistor applications. The study fabricated graphene/SWNT transistors and used the transfer length method to measure the contact resistance between metallic and semiconducting SWNTs and graphene under varying gate voltages and contact lengths. The contact resistance was found to be modulated by electrostatic doping and increased with shorter contact lengths. Further optimization of contact engineering was suggested to reduce contact resistance and improve device performance.
This document summarizes a simulation approach to modeling quantum dot solar cells. It describes how quantum dots can enable intermediate band solar cells with efficiencies over 60% by absorbing low-energy photons. The modeling approach uses drift-diffusion equations coupled with rate equations to model carrier transport and capture/escape processes in the quantum dots. Simulation results are presented and show good agreement with experimental measurements, demonstrating how factors like quantum dot density and doping affect cell performance. Non-linear behavior is also examined and attributed to carrier dynamics in the quantum dots.
Multiscale methods for next generation graphene based nanocomposites is proposed. This approach combines atomistic finite element method and classical continuum finite element method.
The document discusses various types of display devices. It begins by describing cathode ray tubes (CRTs), including their basic components like the electron gun and methods of focusing and deflecting the electron beam. It then discusses different types of CRTs like oscilloscope tubes and picture tubes used for television. The document also provides a brief introduction to newer flat panel displays like LED, LCD, plasma and OLED displays. It notes these displays do not require continuous refresh like CRTs. Finally, it provides some additional details on LED displays, describing their operation and characteristics.
Surface Traping in Silicon Nanowire Dual material engineered Cylindrical gate...IJARTES
In this paper, the effect of gate field screening by surface
trap charges are studied using COMSOL 5.0. A nano wire
dual material Cylindrical gate (DMCG) MOSFET is
modeled and shift of turn on voltage due to the screening
effect is computed. It is shown that DMCG design increase
the drain current enhancement .However here the concept
of work function difference also present in term of gate bias
and comprehensive study of short channel effect of DMCG
has been focused .The objective of this paper is focus on
Current vs Gate voltage, Energy Band diagram,
CurrentDensity, electron and hole concentration and
Electric field when MOSFET is turn on. It is also examined
that Cylindrical MOSFET the minimum surface potential in
the channel reduces which resulting increasing in electron
velocity and thereby improving carrier transport efficiency.
DC performance analysis of a 20nm gate length n-type Silicon GAA junctionless...IJECEIAES
This summary provides the key details about the document in 3 sentences:
The document analyzes the DC performance of a 20nm gate length n-type silicon gate-all-around junctionless transistor using 3D quantum transport modeling. Simulation results show the device has a threshold voltage of 0.55V, subthreshold slope of 63mV/decade approaching the ideal value, an on/off current ratio of 10e+10, and a drain-induced barrier lowering of 98mV/V. Overall, the junctionless gate-all-around transistor shows improved short channel effects compared to an inversion-mode gate-all-around transistor.
Magnets are key components of particle accelerators. Their modeling involves several stages including simple hard-edge models for initial design, detailed computer calculations, mechanical/electrical design and construction, measurement of field profiles, and beam testing. Magnet measurements are performed using devices like gaussmeters and rotating coils to characterize fields and multipoles. Effective magnet lengths are important parameters and may differ from physical lengths for devices with non-uniform field profiles.
The document discusses the memristor, a fourth fundamental circuit element discovered by Leon Chua in addition to the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. A memristor is a two-terminal device whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through it. It retains its resistance even when power is removed, allowing it to "remember" the last resistance level. Potential applications of memristors include non-volatile memory, neural networks, and more energy efficient computing. Experimental solid-state versions have been developed using thin films of titanium dioxide.
Simulation and Experiment Study of Flow Field of Flow channel for Rectangular...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is an effective method for machining the parts with the whole structure or special structure. Because the conventional machining methods are not suitable for processing these kinds of structures. In this work, taking electrochemical machining rectangular holes as the research objective, and analyzing the flow field characteristics of machined surface with three kinds of cathode channel structures. First discussing the working state of the ECM process and some equations to be complied with, then numerically simulating the models which have the same characteristics with design and simulation parameters, obtained the pressure contour and velocity contour on the machined surface. The simulation results indicated that the machining effect of long slot structure was not as good as that of arc slot and tilted slot structure, and few differences in machining effects were observed between the arc slot and tilted slot structure. A case study was presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in designing the flow field of cathode for ECM.
Presentation of PhD Thesis: "A perspective on metasurfaces, circuits, holograms and invisibility". Carlo Andrea Gonano, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, 26 January 2016.
Simulation and Modeling of Silicon Based Single Electron TransistorIJECEIAES
In this work, we simulated and modeled silicon quantum dot based single electron transistor (SET). We simulated the device using non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism in transport direction coupled with Schrodinger equation in transverse directions. The characteristics of SET such as Coulomb blockade and Coulomb diamonds were observed. We also present a new efficient model to calculate the current voltage (IV) characteristics of the SET. The IV characteristic achieved from the model are very similar to those from simulations both in shape and magnitude. The proposed model is capable of reproducing the Coulomb diamond diagram in good agreement with the simulations. The model, which is based on transmission spectrum, is simple, efficient and provides insights on the physics of the device. The transmission spectrum at equilibrium is achieved from simulations and given as input to the model. The model then calculates the evolved transmission spectra at non-equilibrium conditions and evaluates the current using Landauers formula.
A proposal and simulation analysis for a novel architecture of gate-all-aroun...IJECEIAES
A proposal for a novel gate-all-around (GAA) polycrystalline silicon nanowire (poly-SiNW) field effect transistor (FET) is presented and discussed in this paper. The device architecture is based on the realization of poly-SiNW in a V-shaped cavity obtained by tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) etch of monocrystalline silicon (100). The device’s behavior is simulated using Silvaco commercial software, including the density of states (DOS) model described by the double exponential distribution of acceptor trap density within the gap. The electric field, potential, and free electron concentration are analyzed in different nanowire regions to investigate the device's performance. The results show good performance despite the high density of deep states in poly-SiNW. This can be explained by the strong electric field caused by the corner effect in the nanowire, which favors the ionization of the acceptor traps and increases the free electron concentration.
Measurement and Instrumentation paper 2020 B.tech Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering-https://www.educationsmaterials.com/2020/12/measurement-and-instrumentation-paper.html
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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As part of an accelerator based Cargo Inspection System, studies were made to develop a Cabinet Safe System by Optimization of the Beam Optics of Microwave Linear Accelerators of the IAC-Varian series working on the S-band and standing wave pi/2 mode. Measurements, modeling and simulations of the main subsystems were done and a Multiple Solenoidal System was designed.
This Cabinet Safe System based on a Multiple Solenoidal System minimizes the radiation field generated by the low efficiency of the microwave accelerators by optimizing the RF waveguide system and by also trapping secondaries generated in the accelerator head. These secondaries are generated mainly due to instabilities in the exit window region and particles backscattered from the target. The electron gun was also studied and software for its right mechanical design and for its optimization was developed as well. Besides the standard design method, an optimization of the injection process is accomplished by slightly modifying the gun configuration and by placing a solenoid on the waist position while avoiding threading the cathode with the magnetic flux generated.
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2) In QCA, logic states are represented by the position of electrons in quantum dots rather than voltage as in CMOS. Basic logic gates like inverters and majority gates are constructed using QCA cells.
3) The document designs various flip flops like SR, JK, D, and T flip flops in QCA and uses them to build a 4-bit up counter. Power consumption is shown to be lower for the QCA designs compared to
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In this paper, the effect of gate field screening by surface
trap charges are studied using COMSOL 5.0. A nano wire
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and comprehensive study of short channel effect of DMCG
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This summary provides the key details about the document in 3 sentences:
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Presentation in TOFE USA 2014 (TOFE Congress, 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator)
1. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 1
3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status
and First E-Beam Mapping
Experiments
Vicente Queral
National Fusion Laboratory, CIEMAT
ANS Topical Meeting: Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE)
Anaheim, CA, USA
10-13 November 2014
3. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 3
Outline
▪ Background
▪ UST_2 conceptual design
▪ Engineering concepts and design
▪ Pictures of UST_2 construction status
▪ E-beam field line mapping experiments
▪ Results
▪ Potential future lines of R&D
4. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 4
Background. Objectives
► The work is carried out with very low funds. Therefore, the
importance of the work resides in the developed manufacturing
methods, not in the size of the device or the plasma performance.
♦ The geometrical complexity of stellarators is one of their main
drawbacks. To try lo lessen such drawback,
the objectives of UST_2 work are:
▪ Contribute to the development of new better (faster, cheaper,
simpler) construction methods for experimental stellarators, and
other fusion devices.
▪ Try to accelerate the R&D cycle of: design → construction →
experiments → results → improved design → construction …
5. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 5
Background. UST_2 essential data
▪ UST_2 is a small three period
stellarator of major radius 0.26 m and
plasma volume 10 litres.
UST_2
design
▪ UST_2 has been designed to
be fabricated by 3D printing
(additive manufacturing).
Construction
status
6. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 6
UST_2 conceptual design
7. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 7
▪ UST_2 is based on a 3 period Quasi-isodynamic stellarator with
poloidal closed contours (QIPCC3) supplied by German researchers,
[Mik 04]. It exhibits high confinement at any β<4%, middle compactness, high iota ~0.7
QIPCC3 LCFS, [Mik 04]
Modification
▪ Complex optimization process using several
codes (CASTELL, NESCOIL and DESCUR codes for
stellarator calculations).
UST_2 based on a 3 period Quasi-isodynamic stellarator
UST_2 Last Closed Flux
Surface (LCFS) showing the
achieved straight section
8. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 8
1) Wide port
1) Wide ports for fast in-
vessel access, maintenance
and remote handling.
2) Potential maintenance of
full (half)periods, i.e. similar
to concepts in [Wan 05].
3) Allocate space for
possible innovative power
extraction systems, i.e.
concepts [Kul 06], [Ima 11]
[Hir 09], [Wer 89], [Hir 97].
Potential advantages of the design (if it were a larger experimental
device or reactor)
2) Independent
module with
splitable
vacuum vessel
3) Space for power
extraction systems
Modification of QIPCC3 for enhanced engineering
~350 mm
9. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 9
Engineering concepts and
design
10. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 10
+
Approach for the coil frame manufacturing method
Resin casting
Concept of 3D-printed light truss structure
covered by a thin shell (internal surface removed
in the figure) formed by two joined halves.
The shell=‘mould’ (700€) remain
attached to the matrix after casting.
The two halves are split after casting.
Combination of 3D printing + casting (→ accurate & low cost)
11. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 11
Coil frame split in two halves
Assembling concept
Introduction of the vacuum
vessel in one half coil frame
Two halves
of the coil
frame after
casting and
splitting
Closure with the second
half coil frame
Concept of fully modular vacuum
vessel and coil frame !!
12. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 12
Approach for the vacuum vessel manufacturing
Central Vacuum Vessel (VV) Section
Cu strip
shaping
on form ↓
Finished VV liner
Concept of modular VV
Metal liner epoxy resin reinforced (→ low cost for large VV)
Finished Curved VV
sector. Copper liner
epoxy reinforced
13. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 13
Slide → contact of 3D-printed
positioning elements on
circular central ring
Assembling and positioning concept
Advantages:
- Accurate, fast and
simple halfperiod
positioning. Slide →
contact → slight final
rotation. Approach similar
to Remote Handling
philosophy.Sliding on horizontal
smooth base
Non-3D-printed
CIRCULAR
central ring
Contact,
accurate
positioning
14. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 14
Pictures of UST_2
construction status
15. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 15
UST_2 status on January 2014
16. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 16
One finished halfperiod and
one ongoing
Status on June 2014
Decision of device to build
Conceptual design
Detailed design
Validation by e-beam mapping
Construction 25%
17. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 17
Set-up for the e-beam
mapping experiments
Status on July 2014
Oscillating e-gun
18. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 18
E-beam field line mapping
experiments
19. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 19
E-beam experimental set-up
Free oscillating e-gun
Video frame of the fluorescent ZnO
lines on screen, and mirror image
of the oscillating e-gun
Sketch of the
experimental set-up
E-gun arc (black) and
e-orbits (red) of 60 eV
electrons, calculated
by CASTELL code
20. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 20
Overlapping of the consecutive frames shown above
Detail of the series of frames containing
fluorescent points for pulse #15 Overlapping of
perspective-
transformed
experimental
fluorescent
points (in cyan)
and calculated
intersection of
oscillating e-
beam with the
screen (blue line)
Comparison calculations-experiments
21. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 21
Video recording of pulse #15
Video recording
23. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 23
♦ Manufacturing the twisted UST_2 vacuum vessel was time consuming
and needs further R&D, i.e. using electrodeposition, electroforming, etc.
♦ ±0.3% dimensional accuracy has been achieved, still excessive.
Thermal warping seems the reason.
► The positioning strategy for the coil frames resulted satisfactory.
► A construction method for stellarators based on 3D printing + casting
has been developed.
► A method to fabricate a liner epoxy-reinforced twisted vacuum vessel
has been advanced.
► The low cost of this small device (2400 € in materials up to now)
suggests reasonable cost for larger devices.
Experiences learned and results
24. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 24
Potential future lines of R&D
25. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 25
1) Either Combination of metal 3D printing + metal casting
+
Potential future lines of R&D
Metal (Zn, Al
…) casting in
the Titanium
shell ?
Titanium
shell ?
2) Or Use of large direct
metal laser 3D printers
Titanium piece 3D-printed by
AVIC Laser, China. Presented
in a Beijing fair [AVI 13].
Source of picture [3de 14]
26. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 26
A) A hybrid stellarator/tokamak
(with two coil-sets, ∞
intermediate configurations?)
For example the
compact A=3
Quasi-
axisymmetric
stellarator being
developed in
China/PPPL,
[Zhe 14]
Potential future lines of R&D
3D printing of low or high aspect ratio stellarators by 1) or 2)
method (previous slide)
B) A high <β>lim large
aspect ratio stellarator,
thick copper coils
<β>lim ~10% A=10 [LKu 10]
<β>lim ~ 9% A=12 [Sub 06]
Quasi-isodynamic stellarator, 6
periods, [Sub 06]
QA-LAx stellarator, Source of figure [Zhe 14]
Perhaps
<β>lim
~15% ??
27. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 27
Acknowledgement
I would like to give thanks to all the people and researchers helping
in the development, in particular:
Jefrey Harris, Donald Spong and team (ORNL, QPS LCFS and coils)
Juergen Nueremberg and team (IPP Max-Planck, QIPCCs LCFS)
H. E. Mynick (PPPL, NCSX-TU LCFS)
Jesús Romero (NESCOIL teaching, other)
Antonio Lopez-Fraguas (DESCUR code update and teaching)
Gerardo Veredas (CAD teaching)
Juan A. Jiménez (VMEC teaching)
Víctor Tribaldos (stellarators)
Jose A. Ferreira (vacuum)
Cristobal Bellés (I. T. help)
Other
28. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 28
[3de 14] Web site, http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130529-china-shows-off-world-largest-3d-
printed-titanium-fighter-component.html, 2014.
[AVI 13] AVIC Laser (AVIC Heavy Machinery subsidiary), ‘16th China International High-tech
Expo’, Beijing, 21-26 May 2013, web site www.france-metallurgie.com, August 2014.
[Hir 97] ‘Steady state impurity control, heat removal and tritium recovery by moving-belt plasma-
facing components’, Hirooka et al., Proc. 17th IEEE-SOFE, San Diego, Oct. 6th-10th, 906, 1997.
[Hir 09] ‘Active particle control in the CPD compact spherical tokamak by a lithium-gettered
rotating drum limiter’, Y. Hirooka, et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials 390–391, 502–506, 2009.
[Ima 11] ‘Status and plan of gamma 10 tandem mirror program’, T. Imai, et al., Transactions of
Fusion Science and Technology vol. 59 Jan. 2011.
[Kul 06] ‘Project EPSILON – a way to steady state high b fusion reactor’, V.M. Kulygin, V.V.
Arsenin, V.A. Zhil’tsov, et al., IAEA XXI Fusion Energy Conference, 16 -21 October 2006,
Chengdu, China.
[LKu 10] ‘New Classes of Quasi-helically Symmetric Stellarators’, Report PPPL 4540, L.P. Ku
and A.H. Boozer, August, 2010.
[Mik 04] ‘Comparison of the properties of Quasi-isodynamic configurations for Different
Number of Periods’, M. J. Mikhailov et al., 31st EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. London,
28 June - 2 July 2004 ECA Vol.28G, P-4.166 (2004).
References
29. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 29
[Que 10] ‘High-field pulsed Allure Ignition Stellarator’, Stellarator News, n. 125, 2010.
[Sub 06] ‘Integrated physics optimization of a quasi-isodynamic stellarator with poloidally closed
contours of the magnetic field strength’, A.A. Subbotin, M.I. Mikhailov, V.D. Shafranov, M.Yu. Isaev,
C. Nührenberg, J. Nührenberg, et al., Nuclear Fusion 46 921–927, 2006.
[Wer 89] ‘A high-speed beam of lithium droplets for collecting diverted energy and particles in
ITER’, K. A. Werley, Los Alamos N. L. report LA-UR--89-3268, 1989.
[Wan 05] ‘MAINTENANCE APPROACHES FOR ARIES-CS COMPACT STELLARATOR POWER
CORE’, X.R. Wang, et al. and the ARIES Team, Fusion Science and Technology 47(4) 1074-1078,
2005.
[Zhe 14] ‘Systematic study of modular coil characteristics for 2-field periods quasi-axisymmetric
stellarator QAS-LA’, Jinxing Zheng, Yuntao Song, Joshua Breslau, G. H. Neilson, Fusion
Engineering and Design 89 (4), 487–501, 2014.
References
33. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 33
Extra slides intended
for the questions
34. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 34
Hints about the previous
UST_1 stellarator
35. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 35
Toroidal milling machine
Method to build the modular coils
Concept of toroidal milling
machine
The milling head of this special milling
machine moves in toroidal and poloidal
coordinates → simplicity and reduced field
errors.
Concept of a toroidal
milling machine for
stellarators
36. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 36
Compressing
conductors in the groove
Winding process and result
12 coils finished
1 ) Concept and implementation
of single monolithic frame
Two main concepts developed
Concept of conductor
compressed in groove
37. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 37
Pulse #202. Overlapping of
calculated (numbered circles) and
experimental points (cyan). Notable
agreement is observed.
Pulse #202. Video recording of
experimental fluorescent points
on a oscillating rod. 94 eV
beam.
Field mapping experiments
Recorded magnetic surfaces. Comparison calculation-experiment
38. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 38
Overview of the facility
CODAC systems
Power supplies. 20 kW
ECRH
1kW
More information in www.fusionvic.org and [Que 13]
39. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 39
• The toroidal milling machine is unsuited for very convoluted winding
surfaces and expensive if building only one device. Additive rapid
manufacturing methods might be better.
• Winding one turn per layer may be simpler and faster than two turns.
► The combination of a single monolithic frame with grooves and
compression of wire in the groove resulted effective and fast.
Experiences learned and results
► A construction method for stellarator
coils based on a new toroidal milling
machine was developed.
► Inspiration has been generated in
other researches and countries.
Formation. i.e., the SCR-1 stellarator
being built in Costa Rica is based on
the UST_1 design.
Status of
SCR-1
40. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 40
UST_2 stellarator
41. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 41
♦ The geometrical complexity of
stellarators is one of their main drawbacks
Coils and supports are shaped and
have to be very accurate (relative
errors ~<10-3). Source of W7-X figure,
http://lecad.fs.uni-
lj.si/research/fusion/W7X/index
One issue of stellarators. Previous proposed solutions
Beam truss
structure to support
the coils, [Jak 11]
Continuous structure and coils
wound in grooves, [Naj 05] [Naj 06]
Concept of 3D-
printed structure and
internally wound
coils, [Wag 08]
42. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 42
♦ In-vessel remote maintenance
(for reactors) is very complex and
downtime-expensive
Small maintenance ports in the
named Helias reactor. Source of figure,
[Bei 00] → slow (expensive
downtime). And, what if a
superconducting coil fails?
Other issue of stellarators. Previous proposed solutions
Vertical maintenance approach. Even
more difficult coil design [Wan 07]
Tokamak Stellarator
Full period disassembly concept,
[Wan 05]. Source of figure [Naj 05]
43. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 43
Hull concept and Truss concept developed
Hints about the development of engineering concepts
Assembling of the test
coil frame sector
Truss concept: 3D printed frame structure.
Nylon. 250 €. From company ‘Shapeways’.
Hull concept: 3D printed
piece conceived as a
double hull structure.
Nylon. Was test filled with
dental plaster. 80 €.
44. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 44
Hints about the assessed magnetic configurations
QPS, QIPCC2,
QIPCC3, NCSX-TU,
other, assessed
QPS (Quasi-
poloidal
stellarator)
Last Closed Flux Surfaces supplied by J. Harris & D. Spong, Nühremberg and team [Mik 04] and H. Mynick [Myn 10]
QIPCC2 (Quasi-isodynamic
stellarator with poloidal
closed contours) 2 periods
QIPCC3, three periods.
Selected
LCFS for NCSX, NCSX-
Turbulence Improved
and Mixed
▪ Calcula-
tions by
CASTELL
code (Java
code
developed
by me
during
several
years)
45. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 45
UST_2 essential properties
Element Specification
Number of periods 3
Plasma volume (litres) 10
R, plasma major radius (mm) 260
a, ave. plasma minor radius (mm) ~ 37
Aspect ratio ~ 7
Type of coils
Modular
coils
Number of pancakes = coils 90
Number of non-planar coils 84 (14 x 6)
N. of large planar non-circular
coils
6 (1 x 6)
Vacuum magnetic surfaces at φ = 0
46. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 46
Concept and test of coil winding and crossover
Testing the crossover
performance
Compression in groove
and special crossover
• Results :
- Reasonable pressure of
conductor on groove walls.
- One coil was wound in
about 30 minutes, OK.
- The conceived crossover
was feasible and
satisfactory.
Finished crossover
Test
coil
Concept. One
turn/layer compressed
in groove to allow fast
winding and many
coils (low curvature
radius)
47. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 47
Approach for the vacuum vessel manufacturing
Curious picture of the 3D-printed
mold for epoxy resin casting
Soldering external
claws (brass ball chain)
Finished Curved VV sector.
Copper liner epoxy reinforced
Electrodeposition, electroforming, metal 3D
printing and other methods will be also tested
48. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 48
Modification of QIPCC3
Why not to modify QIPCC3 to enhance some
engineering features of UST_2?
Insight came from,
►Initially:
9/13? = 0.692
Planned divertor for the
GAMMA 10 Tandem mirror.
Source of figure [Ima 11]
Linked mirrors. Source [Kul 06]
New QI configurations.
Source [Spo 10]
► Later, after searching, from:
49. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 49
Process of modification of QIPCC3
The straight section is stretched by CASTELL code,
plus re-optimization
• Automatic CASTELL code processes: The
QIPCC3 straight section is stretched (addition of
poloidal cuts and compression of QIPCC3 sections),
CASTELL DESCUR-like code application, two
NESCOIL runs, confinement, iota and magnetic well
profiles calculated by Monte Carlo method.
• Only about 500 configurations have been
compared. Long lasting computations.
• Increasing elongation of the straight section gave
decreasing confinement for the best configuration.
• The re-optimization is poor (about 3 times less
confinement than the original QIPCC3). However,
the main objective is engineering.
Stretched and
compressed
poloidal cuts
50. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 50
A mix of the Hull Concept and Truss Concept is chosen
Perspective and top view of the first 3 coils being 3D printed. A test
3D printed
thin cover
surfaces
and
internal
truss
structure
UST_2 engineering design
51. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 51
Internals of the coil frame
52. 3D-Printed UST_2 Stellarator Status and First E-Beam Mapping Experiments Vicente Queral, CIEMAT L 52
Sequential low-cost rapid manufacturing of larger devices
Cost and performance is only a coarse value
for rough comparison among devices
Concept : High-field
pulsed Allure Ignition
Stellarator (AIS) (2010).
[Que 10] High-field,
few ignition pulses.
Somewhat similar to
the IGNITOR, FIRE and
FAST concepts, but for
a stellarator.
Possible long term activities