The document summarizes the evolution of theoretical thought and instructional methods from 450 BC to 1950. It describes the Sophists who were the first professional teachers in Greece and taught rhetoric. It also outlines the Socratic method of guided questioning and discussion. Later methods included the Scholastic method of Aquinas using deductive reasoning, Comenius' principles of universal education, and Pestalozzi and Froebel's emphasis on sensory learning and play in early education. The Lancasterian and Herbartian methods introduced large group instruction and relating new ideas to prior learning.

1. Chapter II Heritage of Theoretical Thought and Practice 450 B.C. to 1950 By The RAMS Sandra Grasso Christopher Loiselle Charles Willis SED EM 550 September 11, 2008