This document provides an overview of HTML, CSS, and XHTML. It discusses how Tim Berners-Lee created HTML to allow researchers to share information over the internet. It describes what HTML, CSS, and XHTML are, where they came from, and how they evolved. CSS was created to separate presentation from content, and XHTML combined HTML and XML to add structure and flexibility. The document puts these together and discusses what comes next, like HTML5.

1. FACS 2930
Carmen Au

2. Content
 The W3C
 HTML
 What is That?
 HTML, What is That?
 Where Did it Come From?
 CSS
 CSS
 CSS2
 XHTML
 So What is XHTML?
 Why XHTML?
 Why XHTML cont.
 Let’s Put It all Together
 What Next?
 Credits / Sources

3. The W3C
“The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an
international community where Member organizations,
a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop
Web standards…”
 http://www.w3.org/Consortium/

4. What is This?
<h1>Title goes here</h1>
<h2>Sub title if wanted</h2>
<p>Text here, <a href=“url”>link here</a>, text here,
text here, <b>bold text</b>, text here, <i>italic text
here</i></p>

5. HTML, What is That?
 HyperText Markup Language
 Computer language that allows website creation.
 Product of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup
Language)
 A complex, technical specification describing markup
languages
 Allows people not familiar with SGML to publish and
exchange scientific documents
 People not in the discipline of scientific documentation
quickly realized how easy it was

6. Where Did it Come From?
•Tim Berners-Lee
• Wanted to create a way
for researchers to be able
to use the internet to
collaborate and share
information.
• Wanted a system by
which people could link
all their data together and
enable people to be able
to search by following the
links http://www.masternewmedia.org/images/ti
m_berners_lee_main.jpg

7. CSS
 Cascading Style Sheet
 Separates the coding of presentation and content
 Presentation side
 Visual changes only needed to be applied once
 Coding
 In a different document
 Each section has a head and { }s

8. CSS2
 CSS2 published by W3C in 1998.
 CSS2 adds support for other media types.
 Aural (hearing) sheet styles and bidirectional ( both
directions, LtR and RtL) text.
 New properties for tables, text, colors and positioning

9. So What is XHTML?
 XHTML
 ' X ' representing that this version of HTML is based on
XML (eXtensible Markup Language) instead of SGML.
 Created in place of HTML4
 Why?

10. Why XHTML
 HTML pages were still sloppy
 Browsers tried to accommodate, but failed
 An answer to this problem was XML
 eXtensible Markup Lanuage
 Why / How so?
 A language for creating other languages
 Can be used to design own custom markup language
 Custom mark up language contains tags that describe that
data that they contain
 A tag identifies data, it is available for other tasks

11. Why XHTML cont.
 So why XHTML and not XML?
 Not a lenient as HTML
 Many pages already coded as HTML
 W3C coded HTML as XML to create XHTML
 Features of HTML
 Uses XMLs syntax, allowing the power and flexibility of
XML
 Good foundation for CSS

12. Let’s Put It All Together
 http://dm.finearts.yorku.ca/~carmenau/presentation.htm
l

13. What’s Next?
 HTML5
 Replaced XHTML
 Created instead of XHTML2
 CSS3 is in development
 Updates are available on the W3C.

14. Credit / Sources
 http://www.xmluk.org/css-history-information.htm
 http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/01/css-history
 http://www.ironspider.ca/webdesign101/htmlhistory.htm
 http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/starthere/whatishtml.html
 http://www.xmluk.org/html-history-information.htm
 http://www.w3.org/
 http://www.intensivstation.ch/en/css/history/
 Castro, E. HTML, XHTML & CSS. Sixth Edition. Berkeley:
Peachpit Press, 2007.