Definition and branches of pathology

1. BRANCHES OF PATHOLOGY
PATHOLOGY

2. Definition- pathology is the branch of medical science that studies the origin ,cause, natur
diseases
.
Branches of pathology
1. General pathology
2. Systematic pathology
systematic pathology of following have subdivisions
1. Histopathology

3. 1. Surgical pathology
2. Forensic pathology
3. Hematology
4. Cytopathology
5. Immunology
6. Chemical pathology
7. Genetics
8. Molecular pathology

4. 1. General pathology- general pathology also called investigative pathology
experimental pathology or theoretical pathology
 it is broad and complex scientific field
 Which helps to understand the mechanism of injury to cell and tissue back body response to
injury
Following terms studyied in general pathology
 Cellular adaptation to injury
 Repairing cell
 wound healing
 Inflammation
 Necrosis and neoplasia

5.  Systematic patholog- systematic pathology it’s the study of disease pertaining to
specific organ system
For example . Goiter, pneumonia ,osteomyelitis, breast cancer
Specialties of systematic pathology
1. Histopathology-deals with the investigation and diagnosis of disease
by examination of tissue by naked eye
histopathology have again to divisions.

6. 1. Surgical pathology – it deals with the study of tissue removed surgically from live
patient.
Example-skin biopsy
2.Forensic pathology or autopsy pathology-it deals with the study of organ removed
after the death of the patient
 It helps in identifying the cause of death
 example investigation of death in suspicious circumstances and unnatural death

7. 2. Hematology- it deals with the study of blood and the disorders of blood cells and hemostasis
3. cytopathology- it deals with the study of cells collected from body organ or masses by fine needle
aspiration cytology
4.Immunology- deals with the study of abnormality in immune system
e.g Myasthenia gravis
5.Chemical pathology- it deals with the diagnosis of disease by analyzing chemicals of body

8. 6.Genetics- the study of abnormalities in chromosomes and genes to find out
the inheritance of diseases.
7.Molecular pathology- this is the detection and diagnosis diagnosis of diseases
at nuclear level deoxyribonucleic acid DNA of cells.
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