This document covers a reproductive health session presentation on topics related to adolescence. It discusses puberty and the physical and hormonal changes that occur. It also covers consent, sexual assault, and female circumcision (FGM). Regarding puberty, it describes the physical signs and responsible hormones. It defines sexual consent and assault, including types of assault. For FGM, it outlines the different types and associated health consequences. The goal is to educate adolescents on these important reproductive health issues.
Children and women, college bound and overall as a gender are the most vulnerable members of our societies to sexual abuse. Here are some important guidelines that we should inculcate in our children to help protect them.
Me being a rape victim myself I feel that I can help those who haven't received that help. Please if you need someone to vent to I'm always here! v.lapoint@outlook.com
Children and women, college bound and overall as a gender are the most vulnerable members of our societies to sexual abuse. Here are some important guidelines that we should inculcate in our children to help protect them.
Me being a rape victim myself I feel that I can help those who haven't received that help. Please if you need someone to vent to I'm always here! v.lapoint@outlook.com
Explain the concepts intra and extra-familial sexual abuse
Explore the activities associated with sexual abuse
Child sexual abuse and exploitation rings
Child sexual abuse and age
Child sexual abuse and gender
Discuss disclosure and reporting of sexual abuse and exploitation
Discuss the consequences of child sexual abuse and exploitation
Raise Your Voice is an awareness programme that focused on sexual assault and domestic violence in the digital platform as well through face to face interaction. This is exclusively powered by Leo Club of Colombo Knights.
This presentation was created for the Phase 01 of the programme and it was decided to be uploaded on the digital platform, Slideshare in order to reach more than 70 Million people across the world.
The prersentation focuses on sexual assault, what consent is, the stipulated laws and prevention and aftermath help.
Courtesy : http://www.actnowsrilanka.org/
Our Country freedom from British in 1947 and that time we had many problems such as Education, Poverty, Technology and unestablished government Etc. But presently we are facing child's rape, this is the biggest social stigma on our society.
53% of the children facing child sexual abuse.
Explain the concepts intra and extra-familial sexual abuse
Explore the activities associated with sexual abuse
Child sexual abuse and exploitation rings
Child sexual abuse and age
Child sexual abuse and gender
Discuss disclosure and reporting of sexual abuse and exploitation
Discuss the consequences of child sexual abuse and exploitation
Raise Your Voice is an awareness programme that focused on sexual assault and domestic violence in the digital platform as well through face to face interaction. This is exclusively powered by Leo Club of Colombo Knights.
This presentation was created for the Phase 01 of the programme and it was decided to be uploaded on the digital platform, Slideshare in order to reach more than 70 Million people across the world.
The prersentation focuses on sexual assault, what consent is, the stipulated laws and prevention and aftermath help.
Courtesy : http://www.actnowsrilanka.org/
Our Country freedom from British in 1947 and that time we had many problems such as Education, Poverty, Technology and unestablished government Etc. But presently we are facing child's rape, this is the biggest social stigma on our society.
53% of the children facing child sexual abuse.
Child sexual abuse presents a formidable challenge to law enforcement agencies around the world. Under reporting of cases, inability of victims to testify, and lack of capacity of law courts to deal with such cases appear as major problems. This presentation discusses various issues concerning this major deficiency.
These slides cover topics on Rape and its effects, its treatment, laws, types, and some case studies. It also discusses about Consent and Molestation, Sexual Assault.
Ms. Ishita Sharma of BVJMM 4th Semester of #JIMSVKII has shared about Child Abuse.
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Living beyond the downside of sex and sexual expressionMrsunny4
Sex and sexuality have become more prevalent throughout our global community. Obtaining sexually related products, images, and information have become readily available for anyone, of any age, to obtain with an internet access. Undoubtedly the consequence of such materials being readily available has had a positive and negative effect upon our society.
1. INTRODUCTION: All humans are sexual beings. Regardless of gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, physical and mental health, or other demographic factors, we express our sexuality in a variety of ways throughout our lives.
2. Meaning and Definition on Sexuality:
1. Capacity for sexual feelings.
2. A person's sexual orientation or preference.
3. The condition of having sex
4. Sexual activity
5. Expression of sexual receptivity or interest especially when excessive
3.Sexuality:
Sexuality the working definition of sexuality is:
“…a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.
Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships.
While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.”
(WHO, 2006a)
4.Development of sexuality
At birth: gender assigned. It is common for 18 months old to play with genitals
3years: gender identification. Kids explore and fondle
4-5years: Normal to masturbate
School age: gender role behaviour is learned
6-12years: Identification with gender parent, both parents & kids have concerns & questions about sexuality & reproduction.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
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||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. PRESENTATION LAYER OUT
Introduction
Puberty
Consent and sexual assault
Female circumcision (FGM)
Pregnancy and its challenges to youths
Family planning (contraceptives)
References
3. INTRODUCTION #1
WHO defines adolescents as an individual aged
10 – 19 years, and young people aged 10 – 24
years. It is a transition between childhood to
adulthood.
Adolescence is characterized by physical,
emotional and cognitive changes in the
relationship between the adolescents, their
parents and peers.
4. INTRODUCTION #2
At the same time, the adolescent is going
through a process of acquiring knowledge
and skills to enable them live as autonomous
individuals.
However, adolescence if not well handled,
may ditch the adolescent into problems. And
sometimes, adolescents suffer traditional
norms and culture, e.g. FGM, early marriage
and so on.
5. PUBERTY #1
What is puberty?
Sexual secondary characteristics
The time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually
mature.
It usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls
and ages 12 and 16 for boys.
It causes physical, emotional, and cognitive
changes , and affects boys and girls differently (see
on the table)
6. PUBERTY #2
Characteristics associated with puberty?
In girls:
The first sign of puberty is usually breast development.
Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.
Menstruation (a period) usually happens last.
In boys:
Puberty usually begins with the testicles and penis getting
bigger.
Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.
Muscles grow, the voice deepens, and facial hair develops as
puberty continues.
7. PUBERTY #3
Characteristics cont…..
Both boys and girls may get acne (pimples)
Both boys and girls get a growth spurt (a rapid
increase in height) that lasts for about 2 or 3
years.
This brings them closer to their adult height,
which they reach after puberty.
8. Adolescent Development
AREA OF
DEVELOPMENT
EARLY: 10-13 MIDDLE: 14 - 16 LATE: 17 +
Physical Pubertal changes End of pubertal changes Sense of responsibility for one’s
health
Emotional Wide mood swings , Intense feelings
Low impulse control , Role
exploration
Sense of vulnerability
Risk taking behavior peaks
Increased sense of vulnerability
Able to consider others and
suppress ones needs
Cognitive Concrete thinking
Little ability to anticipate long term
consequences of their actions
Literal interpretation of ideas
Able to conceptualize abstract
ideas such as love, justice,
truth, and spirituality
Formal operational thoughts
Able to understand and set limits
Understands thoughts and feelings
of others
Relation to family Need for privacy Peak of parent conflict
Rejection of parental values
Improved communication
Accepts parental values
Peers Increased importance and intense of
same sex relationships
Peak of peer conformity
Increase in relationship with the
opposite sex
Peers decrease in importance
Mutually supportive, mature,
intimate relationship
9. PUBERTY #4
Responsible hormones in Puberty
Gonadotropin – releasing hormone (GnRH) – from
the hypothalamus
Luteinizing hormone (LH) – from the pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) – from the
pituitary gland
Testosterone (Male hormone) – from testicles
Progesterone and estrogen (Female sexual
hormones) – from the ovaries
15. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #1
SEXUAL CONSENT
When it comes to sexual activity and sex, you
have the right to decide when you do it, where
you do it, and how you do it.
For any sexual activity to happen, both people need
to consent, or say yes, willingly and freely.
Sexual activity does not just mean sex, it includes
kissing, hugging, making out, cuddling, and
touching someone’s body in a sexual way.
16. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #2
SEXUAL CONSENT ….
Consent is the “conscious and considered agreement to
voluntarily engage in sexual activity with another.”
Consent is the foundation of all healthy sexual activity
and is a key part of a healthy, happy sex life.
If you decide to become intimate with someone, both of you
should give consent and be sensitive to the acceptance or
non-acceptance of the other person.
Check in with your partner often about their comfort level
around certain sexual activities and clearly state if you want
to stop the sexual activity at any time.
17. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #3
SEXUAL CONSENT ….
There are some people who cannot give consent
for sexual activity according to the law, including
those who are mentally compromised or intoxicated
– sometimes called “diminished capacity.”
There are also situations where the victim of sexual
assault is not required to consent in situations
where there is fear of great harm, threats with real
or alleged weapons, the use or threat of physical
injury or brute force
18. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #4
SEXUAL ASSAULT
Sexual activity should always
be safe, sane and consensual
However, this does not always happen – for a wide
variety of reasons. When sexual activity occurs without
consent, it is SEXUAL ASSAULT
For many, the term sexual assault usually equates to
rape. However, the term sexual assault can involve any
type of unwanted (non-consensual) sexual activity
including (see next slide)
19. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #5
SEXUAL ASSAULT CONT….
Inappropriate touching
Vaginal, anal, or oral penetration
Sexual intercourse or actions that you say no to
Rape
Attempted rape
Child molestation
20. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #6
SEXUAL ASSAULT CONT….
Sexual assault can be “verbal, visual, or anything
that forces a person to join in unwanted sexual
contact or attention.
Examples of this are voyeurism (when someone
watches private sexual acts), exhibitionism (when
someone exposes him/herself in public), incest
(sexual contact between family members), and
sexual harassment.”
21. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #7
According to the law, sexual assault is “sexualized
contact with another person without consent and
by force (compulsion).”
This force doesn’t have to be physical – it can also be
through fear, deception, coercion, or the use of
intoxicants such as alcohol and drugs.
However, sexual assault laws vary by state and can
include laws about age of consent (sometimes called
statutory rape laws), types of sexual assault, and level
of punishment for the different types of sexual assault
22. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #8
TYPES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT
Date (or Acquaintance) Rape. Date rape is a sexual assault that
occurs when you already have a relationship with the person who
assaulted you. This can include friends, current or former sexual
partners, or other acquaintances.
Sexual Exploitation By A Helping Professional. Sexual contact of
any kind between a helping professional (doctor, therapist, teacher,
priest, professor, police officer, lawyer, etc.) and a client/patient.
Spousal (or Partner) Rape. Sexual acts committed without a
person’s consent and/or against a person’s will where the
perpetrator is the individual’s current partner (married or not),
previous partner, or cohabitator.
23. CONSENT & SEXUAL ASSAULT #9
NOTE
Regardless of the sexual act, everyone has a right to not
consent, or revoke (cancel) consent.
Violations of that right are considered sexual assault.
If sexually assaulted, a girl should:
√ Do not wash, comb, or clean any part of your body.
√ Do not change clothes if possible, so the hospital staff can collect evidence.
√ Do not touch or change anything at the scene of the assault.
√ Report to police office
√ Go to your nearest hospital emergency room as soon as possible. You need to
be examined, treated for any injuries, and screened for possible sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) or pregnancy.
25. FEMALE CIRCUMCISION
“FGM”
Female genital mutilation (FGM/C) is a
traditional practice with severe health
consequences to girls and women.
It refers to all practices involving partial or
complete removal of or injury to the external
sexual organs of women and girls for non-
medical reasons.”
26. FGM – TYPE I [SUNNA]
The prepuce or the
clitoral hood is
removed.
The clitoris is left intact.
And the larger part of
the minor labia is left
untouched
It is the least severe
form of FGM
27. FGM – TYPE II [REDUCTION]
The procedure
involves the removal
of the prepuce
(foreskin) and the
glans of the clitoris
together with
adjacent part of the
labia minora or
whole of it, leaving
the majora intact,
and no closure
28. FGM – TYPE III [INFIBULITATION]
It is the most severe
form of FGM.
It involves the excision
of part or all of the
external genitalia and
stitching or narrowing
of the vaginal opening
29. FGM – TYPE IV [UNSPECIFIED]
It includes;
√ pricking, piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or
labia; stretching of the clitoris and/or labia
√ burning of the clitoris and surrounding tissue;
scraping of tissue surrounding the opening of the
vagina
√ introduction of corrosive substances or herbs into
the vagina to cause bleeding or to tighten or
narrow the vagina
30. MYTHS & FACTS ABOUT FGM
Myth: clitoris will continue to grow as the girl gets
older and so it must be removed.
Myth: external genitalia of a woman are unclean
and can cause death of an infant during delivery.
Myth: Girls who have not been cut will never get
married and will be shunned by their communities
Myth: In Singida region, it is believed that FGM
cures a disease called ‘lawalawa’
31. FGM – HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
Immediate health consequences
Severe pain
Excessive bleeding
Shock
Genital tissue injury
Infections (bacterial, HIV, HepB)
Urination problems
Death
32. FGM – HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
Long term health consequences
Keloids, chronic pain
Impaired female sexual health
Obstetric complications i.e. difficult labour, Fistula, Operative
deliveries, etc
Perinatal risks: obstetric complications can result in a higher
incidence of infant resuscitation at delivery and intrapartum
stillbirth and neonatal death.
Psychological consequences: some studies have shown an
increased likelihood of post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), anxiety disorders and depression.
34. PREGNANCY AND ITS CHALLENGES
TO YOUTHS #1
What is pregnancy?
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time
during which one or more offspring develops inside
a woman womb.
Any woman at a child bearing (reproductive) age
(15 -49years) can get pregnant.
Girls get a number of risks when become pregnant
especially when they are at a very tender age or at
school age
35. PREGNANCY AND ITS CHALLENGES
TO YOUTHS #2
Educational challenges
Likelihood of drop out of school (truancy). Many
girls continue to leave school because of
unwanted pregnancies
Dismiss from schools
Failure to reach their dreams (good Job, Good
level of education, etc)
Finger pointing – disappoints and contribute to
girls feel uncomfortable, may decide to drop out
36. PREGNANCY AND ITS CHALLENGES
TO YOUTHS #3
Medical challenges
Likely to end in illegal pregnancy termination. Half
the women seeking abortion care services in public
hospitals are adolescent girls
Obstetric complications (i.e. Obstructed labour,
prolonged, fistulae, operative deliveries, injuries,
seizures, bleeding, etc)
Some develop psychological blues (psychosis) due
to stresses during pregnancy
37. REFERENCE LISTS #1
The United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF], (2005).
Female genital mutilation/cutting: A statistical
exploration. New York: Author.
“Training course” (n.d). Health Effects of Female
Circumcision, Module five. Geneva: Author.
UNPFA, (2014,June). Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
(FGM/C). Available at
http://tanzania.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/l
38. REFERENCE LISTS #2
Health risks of female genital mutilation (FGM).
Available at:
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/h
Teen Pregnancy: Medical Risks and Realities.
Available at:
https://www.webmd.com/baby/teen-pregnancy-me