The document discusses patterns for transforming sentences between the present perfect, past simple, and present perfect continuous tenses in English. It provides examples of sentences and their equivalent transformations between the tenses, such as "It's a long time since I last visited London" and "I haven't visited London for a long time". The examples cover transformations involving time phrases like "for", "since", "ago", and discussing duration of past activities up until the present.

1. PRESENT
PERFECT-PAST
SIMPLE
TRANSFORMATION
PATTERNS

2. Past simple
It's a long time SINCE I last visited
London
1. present perfect
I haven't visited London FOR a long time.
2. Past simple
I last visited London a long time AGO
3. Past simple
The last time I visited London was a long time
AGO

3. We haven't visited this city
BEFORE
present perf (neg)
1. We have NEVER visited this city before
 present perf (affirm)
2. It's the first time we have EVER visited this
city
 present perf (affirm)

4. She came to live here 13 years
AGO
1. She has lived here FOR 13 years
“ Lleva viviendo aquí 13 años”
2. She has learned English FOR 4 years
(present perf)
“ Lleva 4 años aprendiendo inglés”

5. HOW LONG is it since you broke
your arm?
WHEN did you break your arm?

6. I have NEVER read such a
boring book
 It is the most boring book that I have EVER
read