The document discusses the difference between the present perfect tense and present perfect progressive tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started and ended at an unclear time in the past or an action that started in the past and may still be relevant. The present perfect progressive tense is used to talk about an ongoing action that began in the past and continues in the present. However, for the verbs "teach, live, and work", both tenses can be used interchangeably. The present perfect tense can also be used with repeated actions and state verbs like "know, like" when used with "since" or "for".

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In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful
Present perfect tense vs. present perfect progressive tense
 Present perfect tense is typically used to talk about an action which started and ended at an unclear time in the
past, but present perfect tense is used to talk about an action which started in the past, comes to present, and
may or may not go to the future.
Present perfect tense: I have done my home work.
Present perfect progressive tense: I have been doing my homework for over an hour.
Exception
 While the three specific verbs teach, live, and work are used in either present perfect tense or present perfect
progressive tense, both tenses convey almost the same idea.
I have lived in Kabul for ten years. I have been living in Kabul for ten years.
I have taught English for seven years. I have been teaching English for seven years.
I have worked at Atarud academy since 2012. I have been working at Atarud academy since 2012.
 In the above sentences both tenses express the same idea about actions having started in the past, coming to
present, and may or may not be continued in the future.
The difference
 Present perfect tense could be used to talk about the repeated actions which started and ended at
unspecific times in the past but not present perfect progressive tense.
Example:
 We have had dinner several times at King Restaurant. (Correct)
 We have been having dinner several times at King Restaurant. (Incorrect)
State verbs
 The state verbs such as, know, like, need, hate, want, been, hear, see, feel, have, belong, etc could be
used in present perfect tense with the prepositions since and for to talk about a condition, changeable
fact, state of being, mental activity, or emotional state which started in the past, comes to present, and
may or may not go to the future.
Examples:
 He has been sad since yesterday. I have known him for several years.
 She has been a teacher for five years. We have seen him many times.

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 We have been at home since morning. I have already heard about it.
 I have had this car for many years. This car has belonged to me for many years.
On the other hand, present perfect progressive tense is not used talk about such cases.
I have been having this car for many years. (Incorrect)
This car has been belonging to me for many years (Incorrect)
I have been already hearing about it. (Incorrect)
To emphasize the action, we use the continuous form.
We've been working really hard for a couple of months.
She's been having a hard time.
To emphasize the result of the action, we use the simple form.
I've made fifteen phone calls this morning.
He's written a very good report.
Look at the difference in these examples.
I've been reading this book for two months but I've only read half of it. It's very difficult to
read.
She's been trying to convince him for 20 minutes but she hasn't managed to yet.
They've been talking about this for month and they still haven't found a solution.
When an action is finished and you can see the results, use the continuous form.
The phone bill is enormous. You've been calling your boyfriend in Australia, haven't you?
You're red in the face. Have you been running?
When you use the words 'ever' or 'never', use the simple form.
I don't know them. I've never met them.
Have you ever heard anything so strange in your life?

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