This document describes a new bioartificial pancreas (BAP) device called "b-Air" that is designed to overcome challenges with islet transplantation, specifically inadequate oxygen supply and protection from the host immune system. The b-Air consists of islets immobilized in an alginate hydrogel within a gas chamber that can be supplied with oxygen via subdermal ports. In animal studies, the b-Air completely normalized blood glucose and HbA1c levels in diabetic rats for up to 6 months. The device was dependent on oxygen supply and provided immune protection by allowing survival of both isografts and allografts. Explanted devices showed intact, functional islets without inflammation. Increased islet loading
Pesticide Poisoning of Residents Near Farm FieldsZ3P
1) The study evaluated 225 volunteers residing near agricultural fields in Multan, Pakistan to determine the incidence of organophosphorus toxicity. Blood samples were tested for acetylcholinesterase levels.
2) Results showed 6 volunteers (2.67%) had acetylcholinesterase levels below 5300 IU/ml, indicating acute exposure. A further 4 volunteers had levels between 5300-5500 IU/ml. The majority showed at least 25% reduction.
3) Clinical examinations found symptoms like weakness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in over half of volunteers. While levels were not highly reduced, long-term low-level exposure may still cause harm. Strict regulations and education are needed.
Dynamics of Combined Oral Contraceptive: A Study of Some Haematological Param...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
2009 JCEM Detection of growth hormone doping by gene expression profiling of ...Selina Sutton
Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood from athletes administered growth hormone (GH) for 8 weeks found:
1) GH increased circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels approximately 2-fold in both men and women.
2) Microarray analysis detected small changes in gene expression with GH, with a maximum 2-fold increase or decrease. 353 genes were differentially expressed in women and 41 in men.
3) The effect of GH on gene expression was similar in magnitude to natural variation between individuals, making it an unlikely approach for detecting GH doping.
Veropaque, a novel contrast agent containing iohexol and a substituted cyclodextrin (SCD), was shown to significantly reduce contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in preclinical studies compared to iohexol alone. In mouse and rat models, Veropaque demonstrated reduced kidney pathology scores and preserved kidney function as measured by plasma creatinine levels. A dog study found Veropaque caused no differences in cardiovascular effects from intracoronary injection of iohexol alone. The SCD was able to protect the kidney from multiple contrast agents, suggesting a mechanism beyond complexation of the contrast. Based on these findings, the authors believe Veropaque has potential to decrease CI-AKI
This case report describes a patient who developed cerebral embolism following injection of Histoacryl, a type of cyanoacrylate glue, into a bleeding esophageal ulcer. The patient presented with hematemesis from a post-banding ulcer and received Histoacryl injection to stop the bleeding. The next morning, the patient was blind and had weakness on the right side. Imaging showed multiple cerebral infarcts consistent with glue embolism. Echocardiogram revealed a patent foramen ovale, which likely allowed paradoxical embolism of the glue to the brain. This highlights a rare but serious complication of using cyanoacrylate for bleeding esophageal ulcers. Care must be taken to
Estimation of G6pd Status in the Rajbangshi Population of SushrutanagarIOSR Journals
The Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency renders the cells susceptible to severe hemolysis under oxidative stress producing conditions. Due to considerable genetic heterogeneity it is found to be distributed in an unequal manner in different parts of the world including India. The present study was undertaken to find the distribution of G6PD deficiency in the Rajbangshi population group of Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling district. The Rajbangshis are one of the oldest tribes residing in North Bengal. A quantitative assay of the G6PD activity was performed in the Rajbangshi population and the non Rajbangshi control population of the same area. The G6PD deficiency was found in 12 percent of the Rajbangshi population studied which is significantly higher than the value of 3.3 percent found in the controls with the lower and upper confidence limit for the population Odds ratio being 3.58 and 25.93 respectively at 95% confidence interval. This high rate of G6PD deficiency in the population group studied poses them to a greater risk for several oxidative stress producing conditions including some commonly used antimalarial drug like Primaquin
This document describes a new bioartificial pancreas (BAP) device called "b-Air" that is designed to overcome challenges with islet transplantation, specifically inadequate oxygen supply and protection from the host immune system. The b-Air consists of islets immobilized in an alginate hydrogel within a gas chamber that can be supplied with oxygen via subdermal ports. In animal studies, the b-Air completely normalized blood glucose and HbA1c levels in diabetic rats for up to 6 months. The device was dependent on oxygen supply and provided immune protection by allowing survival of both isografts and allografts. Explanted devices showed intact, functional islets without inflammation. Increased islet loading
Pesticide Poisoning of Residents Near Farm FieldsZ3P
1) The study evaluated 225 volunteers residing near agricultural fields in Multan, Pakistan to determine the incidence of organophosphorus toxicity. Blood samples were tested for acetylcholinesterase levels.
2) Results showed 6 volunteers (2.67%) had acetylcholinesterase levels below 5300 IU/ml, indicating acute exposure. A further 4 volunteers had levels between 5300-5500 IU/ml. The majority showed at least 25% reduction.
3) Clinical examinations found symptoms like weakness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in over half of volunteers. While levels were not highly reduced, long-term low-level exposure may still cause harm. Strict regulations and education are needed.
Dynamics of Combined Oral Contraceptive: A Study of Some Haematological Param...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
2009 JCEM Detection of growth hormone doping by gene expression profiling of ...Selina Sutton
Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood from athletes administered growth hormone (GH) for 8 weeks found:
1) GH increased circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels approximately 2-fold in both men and women.
2) Microarray analysis detected small changes in gene expression with GH, with a maximum 2-fold increase or decrease. 353 genes were differentially expressed in women and 41 in men.
3) The effect of GH on gene expression was similar in magnitude to natural variation between individuals, making it an unlikely approach for detecting GH doping.
Veropaque, a novel contrast agent containing iohexol and a substituted cyclodextrin (SCD), was shown to significantly reduce contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in preclinical studies compared to iohexol alone. In mouse and rat models, Veropaque demonstrated reduced kidney pathology scores and preserved kidney function as measured by plasma creatinine levels. A dog study found Veropaque caused no differences in cardiovascular effects from intracoronary injection of iohexol alone. The SCD was able to protect the kidney from multiple contrast agents, suggesting a mechanism beyond complexation of the contrast. Based on these findings, the authors believe Veropaque has potential to decrease CI-AKI
This case report describes a patient who developed cerebral embolism following injection of Histoacryl, a type of cyanoacrylate glue, into a bleeding esophageal ulcer. The patient presented with hematemesis from a post-banding ulcer and received Histoacryl injection to stop the bleeding. The next morning, the patient was blind and had weakness on the right side. Imaging showed multiple cerebral infarcts consistent with glue embolism. Echocardiogram revealed a patent foramen ovale, which likely allowed paradoxical embolism of the glue to the brain. This highlights a rare but serious complication of using cyanoacrylate for bleeding esophageal ulcers. Care must be taken to
Estimation of G6pd Status in the Rajbangshi Population of SushrutanagarIOSR Journals
The Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency renders the cells susceptible to severe hemolysis under oxidative stress producing conditions. Due to considerable genetic heterogeneity it is found to be distributed in an unequal manner in different parts of the world including India. The present study was undertaken to find the distribution of G6PD deficiency in the Rajbangshi population group of Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling district. The Rajbangshis are one of the oldest tribes residing in North Bengal. A quantitative assay of the G6PD activity was performed in the Rajbangshi population and the non Rajbangshi control population of the same area. The G6PD deficiency was found in 12 percent of the Rajbangshi population studied which is significantly higher than the value of 3.3 percent found in the controls with the lower and upper confidence limit for the population Odds ratio being 3.58 and 25.93 respectively at 95% confidence interval. This high rate of G6PD deficiency in the population group studied poses them to a greater risk for several oxidative stress producing conditions including some commonly used antimalarial drug like Primaquin
1. A study investigated the anti-cancer properties of camel urine in vitro. Camel urine was found to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
2. Camel urine downregulated several cancer-promoting proteins and upregulated a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. It also had no cytotoxic effects on immune cells and stimulated immune responses by inducing an anti-tumor cytokine and inhibiting pro-tumor cytokines.
3. The results suggest that components in camel urine have specific and efficient anti-cancer effects in vitro as well as immune-modulating properties, providing a potential basis for the ethnopharmacological use of camel urine to treat cancer.
This document summarizes advances in understanding and treating Gaucher disease from the past to present and future prospects. It describes key findings such as the identification of the metabolic defect, development of diagnostic tests, characterization of the Gaucher cell, and establishment of enzyme replacement therapy as an effective treatment that improves outcomes. The summary also notes areas of ongoing research including potential new treatments like chaperone therapy, gene therapy and small molecule approaches, as well as emerging links between Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease.
This study examined chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 98 Jamaican adults with homozygous sickle cell disease. The researchers measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using nuclear renal scans and categorized participants based on GFR levels. They also measured albumin-to-creatinine ratios to categorize albumin excretion. The aims were to determine the prevalence of CKD categories and identify predictors of low GFR and albuminuria. This will help screen for early CKD to enable preventive interventions for complications like kidney failure.
Why Y Chromosome Markers are an Ever Expanding Essential Tool in Sexual Assau...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Why Y Chromosome Markers are an Ever Expanding Essential Tool in Sexual Assault Investigations
Jack Ballantyne, Erin Hanson
National Center for Forensic Science, UCF
Sexual Assault by the numbers*:
60% of sexual assaults are not reported to the police.
97% of rapists never spend a day in jail.
There are an average of 237,868 victims of rape and sexual assault each year.
Every 2 minutes, another American is sexually assaulted.
1 out of every 5 American women have been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime.
9 out of 10 rape victims are female.
*Source: Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN)
In the US, an estimated 19.3% of women and 1.7% of men have been raped during their lifetimes**
**-CDC Sept 2014
NCFS Evaluation of Quantifiler® Trio / Yfiler® Plus:
Can we improve our analysis of extended interval post coital samples
using the integrated/modular Quantifiler® Trio/Yfiler® Plus system?
Conclusions:
Quantitation System
• Excellent correlation between male quantitation and profile recovery
• Negative quant (threshold based) means negative/unusable Yfiler® Plus kit
• Observed autosomal/Y results consistent with expected based upon quant and F/M ratio
Yfiler® Plus kit
• Sensitive chemistry
• If >100 pg male, most full profiles
• Results obtained with high quantities of background female DNA (up to mg)
• Many ‘Usable profiles’ F/M ranging from 333:1-100,000:1
• Y-STR profiles using YFP can be obtained at least up to 9 days after intercourse
This study investigated whether the drug paricalcitol could reduce kidney damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group given only paricalcitol, a group that underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury, and a group that received paricalcitol before undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results showed that pretreatment with paricalcitol before ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly decreased serum markers of kidney damage and oxidative stress in kidney tissue compared to rats that only underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histological examination also showed less kidney tissue injury in rats pretreated with paricalcitol. Therefore, the study concluded that paricalcitol has a protective
Coelho2000 los niveles en sangre de furazolidona en pacientes en anti h. pyl...Mijail Cjuno
This study evaluated the effects of amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) versus placebo and misoprostol on gastric emptying in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study where they ingested alcohol with either placebo, AMG, or misoprostol pretreatment over four days. Gastric emptying was measured ultrasonographically. The final emptying time was significantly longer with placebo versus misoprostol pretreatment. While AMG behaved similarly to misoprostol, the difference was not statistically significant. The study confirms the protective effect of AMG on gastric emptying, similar to misoprostol, even in the presence of
The slides for my talk on 'Toxicological Myths and Half-Truths' that was given at the CICM ASM 2013 in Wellington, New Zealand. The theme of the conference was "Down with Dogma: Challenging the Fundamentals of Critical Care"
Dr. Sujoy Dasgupta is a consultant in reproductive medicine who has extensive qualifications and experience in the field. He lists his academic achievements and positions held at several hospitals in Kolkata. The document provides an overview of Dr. Dasgupta's expertise in evaluating and treating male infertility through a discussion of topics like semen analysis, varicocele, cryptorchidism, hormonal abnormalities, genetic defects, ejaculatory issues, and treatment strategies including IUI, IVF and ICSI.
Development and Validation of a Two-Site Immunoradiometric assay for Glypican...Premier Publishers
This study aimed to develop and validate an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) to measure glypican-3 (GPC3) levels in plasma samples and evaluate its diagnostic potential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The researchers established an IRMA to measure GPC3 and compared its performance to a commercial ELISA kit using plasma samples from 150 HCC patients, 150 hepatitis C patients, and 150 healthy controls. The IRMA showed better diagnostic accuracy than the ELISA kit for distinguishing HCC patients from controls and hepatitis C patients based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. Using the optimized IRMA, the study found that GPC3 levels could help discriminate HCC from hepatitis C with high sensitivity and specificity and was a
myPlatelet article PCI patients Ind Heart Journal April 2015Jugnu Jain
This study evaluated 200 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who were prescribed antiplatelet medications like clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor. The patients underwent testing to detect mutations in the CYP2C19 gene, which impacts clopidogrel metabolism, and a platelet reactivity assay to assess drug effectiveness. Based on the results, some patients had their antiplatelet therapy modified, such as increasing the clopidogrel dose or switching to prasugrel or ticagrelor for those with CYP2C19 mutations on clopidogrel. The study found 16.5% of patients had clopidogrel resistance due to CYP2C19 mutations
Enhancing the Sexual Assault Workflow: Testing of Next Generation Assessment ...Thermo Fisher Scientific
"Enhancing the Sexual Assault Workflow: Testing of Next Generation Assessment and Y-STR Systems
J. Ballantyne1,2, E. Hanson1, R. Green3, A. Holt3 and J. Mulero3
1 National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
3 Human Identification, Life Technologies, Foster City, CA"
Room a a08. mcgee-utility of qsofa lactate sepsis_(en)SoM
This document discusses the utility of qSOFA and SIRS criteria for diagnosing sepsis and predicting mortality. It presents a case study of a 55-year-old male with abdominal pain, fever, and elevated lactate who is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. It then reviews literature comparing qSOFA to SIRS for sepsis diagnosis and mortality prediction, finding qSOFA superior. Organ dysfunction scores and lactate levels are discussed as predictors of mortality, with higher lactate and more organ failures correlating with increased risk of death. The role of lactate in shock resuscitation is also examined.
This document contains 120 clinical cases presented by Dr. Juan Carlos Díaz Torre, a pediatric neonatologist. Each case presents a patient scenario or medical issue and asks the reader to choose the most appropriate response from a list of options. The cases cover a wide range of topics in pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, family medicine and internal medicine.
1. Findings in this x-ray: Bilateral coalesced opacities in upper and mid zones.
2. Two important conditions which produce similar findings: Pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia.
3. To differentiate radiologically: In tuberculosis, opacities are more dense and cavitation is seen. In pneumonia, opacities are less dense and consolidation is seen.
4. Hematological problems that can occur: Anemia due to chronic disease, thrombocytopenia.
The document discusses 16 clinical case studies presented by Dr. Namrata Chhabra involving patients' medical histories, laboratory results, and biochemical abnormalities. For each case, Dr. Chhabra asks students to provide diagnoses based on the evidence and explain the underlying biochemical defects or mechanisms. The cases cover topics like diabetes, acid-base imbalances, enzyme deficiencies, and vitamin deficiency disorders.
Case of Neonatal Hyperparathyroidism.pdfmehmood ahmad
This case report describes a male infant who presented at 26 days of age with lethargy, hypotonia, dehydration and reluctance to feed due to neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Investigations showed elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels with reduced bone density. The infant was treated medically but eventually required total parathyroidectomy. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism is a rare genetic disorder caused by calcium sensing receptor mutations that usually presents in the first 6 months of life and can be life threatening if not properly treated with medical management or surgery.
In collaboration with the New England Regional Genetics Network, the Weitzman Institute aims to improve access to genetics services for underserved populations by offering primary care provider educational support through a free five-part webinar series that aims to enhance provider knowledge, practice, and attitudes regarding genetic services.
Medillectual juniors 2017 (Prelims and Mains)Quitzkrieg
Medical Quiz; A part of Quitzkrieg 2017, the annual AIIMS Delhi Quiz fest under Pulse 2017. QMs: Sneha Mohan, Srividya, Lajja, Dev (and also, Satwik and Utkarsh)
The document describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who presented with right testicular swelling. Ultrasound revealed a right-sided small hypoechoic mass. The most likely diagnosis is a testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART). TARTs are a common complication in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia that develop due to lack of suppression of adrenal tissue in the testes. If left untreated, TARTs can cause compression of the seminiferous tubules and lead to infertility. Screening with ultrasound is recommended annually beginning at age 5 to detect TARTs early.
1. A study investigated the anti-cancer properties of camel urine in vitro. Camel urine was found to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
2. Camel urine downregulated several cancer-promoting proteins and upregulated a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. It also had no cytotoxic effects on immune cells and stimulated immune responses by inducing an anti-tumor cytokine and inhibiting pro-tumor cytokines.
3. The results suggest that components in camel urine have specific and efficient anti-cancer effects in vitro as well as immune-modulating properties, providing a potential basis for the ethnopharmacological use of camel urine to treat cancer.
This document summarizes advances in understanding and treating Gaucher disease from the past to present and future prospects. It describes key findings such as the identification of the metabolic defect, development of diagnostic tests, characterization of the Gaucher cell, and establishment of enzyme replacement therapy as an effective treatment that improves outcomes. The summary also notes areas of ongoing research including potential new treatments like chaperone therapy, gene therapy and small molecule approaches, as well as emerging links between Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease.
This study examined chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 98 Jamaican adults with homozygous sickle cell disease. The researchers measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using nuclear renal scans and categorized participants based on GFR levels. They also measured albumin-to-creatinine ratios to categorize albumin excretion. The aims were to determine the prevalence of CKD categories and identify predictors of low GFR and albuminuria. This will help screen for early CKD to enable preventive interventions for complications like kidney failure.
Why Y Chromosome Markers are an Ever Expanding Essential Tool in Sexual Assau...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Why Y Chromosome Markers are an Ever Expanding Essential Tool in Sexual Assault Investigations
Jack Ballantyne, Erin Hanson
National Center for Forensic Science, UCF
Sexual Assault by the numbers*:
60% of sexual assaults are not reported to the police.
97% of rapists never spend a day in jail.
There are an average of 237,868 victims of rape and sexual assault each year.
Every 2 minutes, another American is sexually assaulted.
1 out of every 5 American women have been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime.
9 out of 10 rape victims are female.
*Source: Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN)
In the US, an estimated 19.3% of women and 1.7% of men have been raped during their lifetimes**
**-CDC Sept 2014
NCFS Evaluation of Quantifiler® Trio / Yfiler® Plus:
Can we improve our analysis of extended interval post coital samples
using the integrated/modular Quantifiler® Trio/Yfiler® Plus system?
Conclusions:
Quantitation System
• Excellent correlation between male quantitation and profile recovery
• Negative quant (threshold based) means negative/unusable Yfiler® Plus kit
• Observed autosomal/Y results consistent with expected based upon quant and F/M ratio
Yfiler® Plus kit
• Sensitive chemistry
• If >100 pg male, most full profiles
• Results obtained with high quantities of background female DNA (up to mg)
• Many ‘Usable profiles’ F/M ranging from 333:1-100,000:1
• Y-STR profiles using YFP can be obtained at least up to 9 days after intercourse
This study investigated whether the drug paricalcitol could reduce kidney damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group given only paricalcitol, a group that underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury, and a group that received paricalcitol before undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results showed that pretreatment with paricalcitol before ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly decreased serum markers of kidney damage and oxidative stress in kidney tissue compared to rats that only underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histological examination also showed less kidney tissue injury in rats pretreated with paricalcitol. Therefore, the study concluded that paricalcitol has a protective
Coelho2000 los niveles en sangre de furazolidona en pacientes en anti h. pyl...Mijail Cjuno
This study evaluated the effects of amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) versus placebo and misoprostol on gastric emptying in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study where they ingested alcohol with either placebo, AMG, or misoprostol pretreatment over four days. Gastric emptying was measured ultrasonographically. The final emptying time was significantly longer with placebo versus misoprostol pretreatment. While AMG behaved similarly to misoprostol, the difference was not statistically significant. The study confirms the protective effect of AMG on gastric emptying, similar to misoprostol, even in the presence of
The slides for my talk on 'Toxicological Myths and Half-Truths' that was given at the CICM ASM 2013 in Wellington, New Zealand. The theme of the conference was "Down with Dogma: Challenging the Fundamentals of Critical Care"
Dr. Sujoy Dasgupta is a consultant in reproductive medicine who has extensive qualifications and experience in the field. He lists his academic achievements and positions held at several hospitals in Kolkata. The document provides an overview of Dr. Dasgupta's expertise in evaluating and treating male infertility through a discussion of topics like semen analysis, varicocele, cryptorchidism, hormonal abnormalities, genetic defects, ejaculatory issues, and treatment strategies including IUI, IVF and ICSI.
Development and Validation of a Two-Site Immunoradiometric assay for Glypican...Premier Publishers
This study aimed to develop and validate an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) to measure glypican-3 (GPC3) levels in plasma samples and evaluate its diagnostic potential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The researchers established an IRMA to measure GPC3 and compared its performance to a commercial ELISA kit using plasma samples from 150 HCC patients, 150 hepatitis C patients, and 150 healthy controls. The IRMA showed better diagnostic accuracy than the ELISA kit for distinguishing HCC patients from controls and hepatitis C patients based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. Using the optimized IRMA, the study found that GPC3 levels could help discriminate HCC from hepatitis C with high sensitivity and specificity and was a
myPlatelet article PCI patients Ind Heart Journal April 2015Jugnu Jain
This study evaluated 200 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who were prescribed antiplatelet medications like clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor. The patients underwent testing to detect mutations in the CYP2C19 gene, which impacts clopidogrel metabolism, and a platelet reactivity assay to assess drug effectiveness. Based on the results, some patients had their antiplatelet therapy modified, such as increasing the clopidogrel dose or switching to prasugrel or ticagrelor for those with CYP2C19 mutations on clopidogrel. The study found 16.5% of patients had clopidogrel resistance due to CYP2C19 mutations
Enhancing the Sexual Assault Workflow: Testing of Next Generation Assessment ...Thermo Fisher Scientific
"Enhancing the Sexual Assault Workflow: Testing of Next Generation Assessment and Y-STR Systems
J. Ballantyne1,2, E. Hanson1, R. Green3, A. Holt3 and J. Mulero3
1 National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
3 Human Identification, Life Technologies, Foster City, CA"
Room a a08. mcgee-utility of qsofa lactate sepsis_(en)SoM
This document discusses the utility of qSOFA and SIRS criteria for diagnosing sepsis and predicting mortality. It presents a case study of a 55-year-old male with abdominal pain, fever, and elevated lactate who is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. It then reviews literature comparing qSOFA to SIRS for sepsis diagnosis and mortality prediction, finding qSOFA superior. Organ dysfunction scores and lactate levels are discussed as predictors of mortality, with higher lactate and more organ failures correlating with increased risk of death. The role of lactate in shock resuscitation is also examined.
This document contains 120 clinical cases presented by Dr. Juan Carlos Díaz Torre, a pediatric neonatologist. Each case presents a patient scenario or medical issue and asks the reader to choose the most appropriate response from a list of options. The cases cover a wide range of topics in pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, family medicine and internal medicine.
1. Findings in this x-ray: Bilateral coalesced opacities in upper and mid zones.
2. Two important conditions which produce similar findings: Pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia.
3. To differentiate radiologically: In tuberculosis, opacities are more dense and cavitation is seen. In pneumonia, opacities are less dense and consolidation is seen.
4. Hematological problems that can occur: Anemia due to chronic disease, thrombocytopenia.
The document discusses 16 clinical case studies presented by Dr. Namrata Chhabra involving patients' medical histories, laboratory results, and biochemical abnormalities. For each case, Dr. Chhabra asks students to provide diagnoses based on the evidence and explain the underlying biochemical defects or mechanisms. The cases cover topics like diabetes, acid-base imbalances, enzyme deficiencies, and vitamin deficiency disorders.
Case of Neonatal Hyperparathyroidism.pdfmehmood ahmad
This case report describes a male infant who presented at 26 days of age with lethargy, hypotonia, dehydration and reluctance to feed due to neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Investigations showed elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels with reduced bone density. The infant was treated medically but eventually required total parathyroidectomy. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism is a rare genetic disorder caused by calcium sensing receptor mutations that usually presents in the first 6 months of life and can be life threatening if not properly treated with medical management or surgery.
In collaboration with the New England Regional Genetics Network, the Weitzman Institute aims to improve access to genetics services for underserved populations by offering primary care provider educational support through a free five-part webinar series that aims to enhance provider knowledge, practice, and attitudes regarding genetic services.
Medillectual juniors 2017 (Prelims and Mains)Quitzkrieg
Medical Quiz; A part of Quitzkrieg 2017, the annual AIIMS Delhi Quiz fest under Pulse 2017. QMs: Sneha Mohan, Srividya, Lajja, Dev (and also, Satwik and Utkarsh)
The document describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who presented with right testicular swelling. Ultrasound revealed a right-sided small hypoechoic mass. The most likely diagnosis is a testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART). TARTs are a common complication in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia that develop due to lack of suppression of adrenal tissue in the testes. If left untreated, TARTs can cause compression of the seminiferous tubules and lead to infertility. Screening with ultrasound is recommended annually beginning at age 5 to detect TARTs early.
Overcoming the challenges of molecular diagnostics in government health insti...Yakubu Sunday Bot
overcoming the challenges of molecular diagnostics in government owned health institution in nigeria.Several challenges abound in the Nigerian health sector ranging from financial,political and lack of commitment.Its obvious and no wonder the state of health care deliveryy, vis a vis its quality of care to its citizenry.
Recovery Of Vision In A Young Patient With Central Retinal Artery ...Dr. Jagannath Boramani
This document describes a case of central retinal artery occlusion in a 21-year-old female patient who presented with sudden painless vision loss in her right eye. Standard treatments were ineffective given her late presentation over 36 hours after onset. She was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy which rapidly reduces tissue anoxia and mitigates reperfusion injury. After 3 sessions of HBOT over 3 days, her vision improved significantly from counting fingers to 6/6p. HBOT helps the inner retinal layers obtain oxygen via diffusion from the choroidal circulation when exposed to elevated oxygen pressures until revascularization can restore vision.
1) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a condition characterized by ovarian enlargement and fluid accumulation in the abdomen and sometimes lungs, due to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for fertility treatments.
2) Risk factors include younger age, lower weight, use of gonadotropins like hMG for fertility treatments, high estrogen levels, and pregnancy.
3) Symptoms range from mild abdominal bloating to severe cases involving kidney failure. Prevention focuses on modifying fertility drug protocols and cycles based on estrogen level monitoring.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a condition characterized by ovarian enlargement and fluid accumulation in the abdomen and chest. It occurs most commonly as a complication of ovulation induction treatments. The document discusses risk factors, pathogenesis, classification, complications, prevention, and treatment of OHSS. Prevention focuses on predicting risk through endocrine and ultrasound monitoring to determine the optimal time for ovulation trigger and modifying stimulation protocols if needed. Treatment involves fluid management, symptom relief, and in severe cases hospitalization and close monitoring.
1) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potential complication of ovulation induction characterized by ovarian enlargement and fluid accumulation in the abdomen and chest.
2) Risk factors include younger age, lower weight, use of gonadotropins for ovulation induction, and conception during treatment.
3) Symptoms range from mild abdominal discomfort to life-threatening complications due to shift of fluid from blood vessels into third spaces. Mild cases resolve on their own while severe cases require hospitalization and management of fluid and electrolyte balance.
What is the most likely diagnosis? (1)
Station 10 B
A child presents with recurrent infections since birth. On examination he has sparse hair, cafe au lait spots and hypotonia.
Reoperation for Hirschsprung Disease Research ArticleAlexander Coe
This document summarizes a study examining the pathology of bowel segments resected from 30 patients who underwent repeat surgery for Hirschsprung disease due to poor postoperative outcomes from their initial pull-through procedure. Abnormal innervation of the bowel used in the initial pull-through, in the form of transition zone or aganglionic bowel, was found in 63% of resected specimens. Additional findings included stricture and enterocolitis. The findings suggest abnormal innervation of the bowel is a common cause of poor outcomes following surgical treatment for Hirschsprung disease.
This document contains multiple choice questions and explanations regarding pediatric endocrinology cases. The questions cover topics such as type 1 diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, Graves disease, and celiac disease. The explanations provide diagnostic criteria and appropriate investigative steps for each condition.
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in two siblings with neonatal seizures시헌 김
Two siblings presented with neonatal seizures. Patient 1 was diagnosed with nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) based on elevated glycine levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Treatment with sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan failed to control seizures and the patient died. Patient 2 had similar presentation and was retrospectively diagnosed with NKH. NKH is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in glycine metabolism, presenting with seizures in the first days of life and rapid neurological deterioration if untreated.
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in two siblings with neonatal seizures (1)시헌 김
Two siblings presented with neonatal seizures. Patient 1 exhibited myoclonic seizures, hiccups, and apnea and was ultimately diagnosed with nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) based on elevated glycine levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Despite treatment with sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan, the patient's condition deteriorated and he died at 3 weeks of age. Patient 2 later exhibited similar symptoms and biochemical abnormalities confirming NKH. NKH is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in glycine degradation.
Nephrotic syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease of Western Odisha, India: A case re...inventionjournals
Sickle cell disease causes a distinct pattern of glomerular dysfunction. Subjects with sickle cell disease (SCD) are known to develop many potential functional and structural renal abnormalities. Glomerular hypertension and hyper filtration are thought to play a major role in the development of glomerular disease in subjects with SCD. We reported 5 unusual cases of sickle cell disease presenting as nephrotic syndrome. KEYWORDS- Nephrotic syndrome, sickle cell disease
Nephrotic syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease of Western Odisha, India: A case re...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses fluid resuscitation and intravenous fluids. It provides a brief history of intravenous fluids from early experiments in the 1800s to modern clinical trials. It notes emerging issues with ubiquitous fluid administration and inconsistent use. There is little evidence to support most colloids over crystalloids. Normal saline is commonly used but may cause harm, while balanced solutions are not clearly superior. Large clinical trials are needed to provide guidance on fluid type and use. The document calls for a paradigm shift toward treating fluid resuscitation more like a drug with specific indications and considerations of toxicity.
This document provides information on pheochromocytoma, including:
1) It describes the history, epidemiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and "10% tumor rule" characteristics.
2) Biochemical testing using urine or plasma tests for metanephrines is described as the primary diagnostic method. Localization uses CT, MRI, or MIBG scans.
3) Extensive pre, intra, and postoperative management is outlined to prevent hemodynamic instability, including alpha-blockade, IV fluids, and monitoring. The goal of treatment is surgical removal which is often curative.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
3. RULES:
• There are 20 questions in total.
• Star marked questions will be used as tie
breakers. In case of further tie, sudden death
from first question onwards will be used as the
method of elimination.
• Cheating will not be tolerated in any form, so
phones on the table, chits/books in the bag, just
use your brains.
• 6 teams from the prelims will move to the mains.
• The decision of the quizmasters will be final and
binding.
4.
5. Q. 1
• In the year 1924, X and Seigo Minami published the first
observations on changes in the metabolism of tumors. They had
observed that tumors acidified the Ringer solution (an isotonic salt
solution, with 2.4 mM NaHCO3) when 13 mM glucose was added,
as indicated by a change in the color of organic pH-indicators. In this
acidified solution, lactic acid was chemically identified.
• X corroborated his in vitro results in rats having either a hepatoma
or sarcoma, where he found a higher lactic acid content (chemically
determined) in blood vessels leaving the tumor than in vessels
entering the tumors.
• 1)Who is X? (0.5)
• 2) Briefly explain the basis and significance of the discovery. (1)
6. Q. 2*
• "One way to alleviate the pain of banging your
shin while on a hike is to encounter a grizzly
bear.“
1. Which phenomenon does this refer to?(1)
2. Name two mediators largely responsible for
this.(1)
7. Q. 3
1.Identify the above shown
figure. (0.5)
2.What do each of the waves
represent? (1.5)
8. Q. 4
• A twenty-eight year old female was scheduled to undergo excisional
reconstruction and plating of the mandible following a diagnosis of
ameloblastoma on incisional biopsy under local anaesthesia. On
preanaesthetic evaluation, there was no significant finding except
restricted mouth opening and a swelling over the mandible. On
attempting laryngoscopy the patient was found to have masseteric spasm
following administration of succinylcholine. After one hour it was noted
that the EtCO2 was being maintained at 47 -48 mmHg inspite of slight
hyperventilation. Within half an hour EtCO2 rose gradually to 60 mm Hg
and then suddenly to 80 mm Hg .The patient's pulse rate rose gradually to
130 beats per minutes and then suddenly to 160 beats per minutes .At
this time the patient was found to have nasopharyngeal temperature of
106.5.
• 1) Identify the condition.(0.5)
• 2) Give the underlying biochemical basis of the above condition. (0.5)
• 3 )* Name another condition that has the same underlying basis. (1)
9. Q. 5
• The Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for
2017 was awarded to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael
Rosbash, and Michael Young for their
discoveries of molecular mechanisms
controlling the circadian rhythm.
• Enlist any three genes that were found to be
responsible for maintaining our day-night
cycle.(1.5)
10. Q.6
• A well aimed hit here and you you have the
‘wind knocked out of you’, there’s excruciating
pain and you can’t breathe.
• What is it that gets hit?
11. Q. 7
• Enumerate any two bones in the human body
without a periosteum. (1)
• Which bone is an exception to the law of
ossification? (0.5)
• Which is the largest joint of the human body?
(0.5)
12. Q. 8
• Explain the mechanism of dwarfism in these
cases:
1. Laron dwarfism (1)
2. Kasper Hauser dwarfism (1)
3. Achondroplasia (1)
14. Q. 10*
• CRISPR (Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) has rapidly become the
most promising genome editing tool with great potential to
revolutionize medicine. Through guidance of a 20 nucleotide RNA
(gRNA), CRISPR-Cas9 finds and cuts target protospacer DNA
precisely 3 base pairs upstream of a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent
Motif). The broken DNA ends are repaired by either NHEJ (Non-
Homologous End Joining). Theoretically, CRISPR-Cas9 could be used
to modify any genomic sequences, thereby providing a simple, easy,
and cost effective means of genome wide gene editing.
Q. Where has this technology been derived from?(1)
Q. What is it's original use?(1)
15. Q. 11
• A patient complains about having difficulty
swallowing. Name two congenital vascular
abnormalities that may produce this
complaint. Explain the embryological basis of
each.(0.5+0.5+0.5+0.5)
16. Q. 12
X is a ventricular arrhythmia resulting due to
prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. It is a form of
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, translating from
french to “twisting of the points”, named such because of
the unique appearance of the ECG, which appears as if it
is twisting around a point.
1. Identify X. (0.5)
2. Which ion channel is likely to be affected in order to
produce such an effect? (0.5)
17. Q. 13
• Hirschprung disease is due to a congenital
absence of ganglion cells in both myenteric
and submucosal plexuses of a segment of
distal colon, as a result of failure of normal
cranial to caudal migration of neural crest cells
during development. The action of ___X____
on the ___Y____ receptor is necessary for
normal migration of certain neural crest cells.
• X & Y? (0.5 + 0.5)
18. Q. 14*
In an extremely rare case, a baby girl with a severe congenital disorder and
near-total missing external body skin, was born at a city hospital in Nagpur
on 13 June, 2016.
A 23-year-old woman from Amravati gave birth to the girl at Lata
Mangeshkar Medical College and Hospital. While speaking to Hindustan
Times, Dr Yash Banait, a child specialist at the hospital said the baby was
born with a congenital disorder and that this kind of disorder occurs
because of mutation in the genes.
X is a very rare severe genetic skin disease that cause thickening of the
stratum corneum of the epidermis. In such cases, the child’s whole body is
encased in an ‘armour’ of thick white plates of skin separated with deep
cracks. In addition, the eyes, ears, private parts and the appendages may
be abnormally contracted,” said obstetrician and gynaecologist Dr Avinash
Banait.
The overall incidence of X is 1 in 300,000 births, he said.
The female baby died after 2 days and was the first reported case of X in
India.
19. 1. Identify X. (1)
2. Mutation of
which gene
leads to X? (0.5)
21. Q. 16(1)
• An anti-aging protein called _ X__ , named
after a daughter of Zeus in Greek mythology,
has recently been discovered to play
important roles in calcium and phosphate
homeostasis, in part by reciprocal effects on
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It plays an
important role in stabilising membrane
localisation of proteins important in calcium
and phosphate reabsorption like TRPV5 and
Na-K-ATPase.
22. Q. 17
A child had nausea, vomiting, and symptoms of hypoglycemia:
sweating, dizziness, and trembling. It was reported that these
attacks occurred shortly after eating fruit or cane sugar. This was
resulting in a strong aversion to fruits. The child was below
normal weight and was an only child who had been breast fed,
during which time none of these symptoms was evident. The
clinical findings included some cirrhosis of the liver, a normal
glucose tolerance test, and reducing substances in the urine that
did not react positively with glucose test papers, in which glucose
oxidase was used as the basis for test.
1. What is the likely diagnosis? (0.5)
2. Explain the hypoglycemia. (0.5)
3. How does this condition potentiate hyperuricemia? (0.5)
23.
24. Q. 19 (0.5)
Which of the following conditions does not
predispose to atherosclerosis?
a) Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency
b) Apo E mutation
c) Defective LDL receptors
d) Hepatic lipase deficiency
25. Q. 20
• A 30 y/o male was brought to the Emergency
with a history of syncope 30 minutes back. The
blood pressure in his right arm was measured to
be 100/70 mm Hg. During the course of
examination, the patient gained consciousness,
but could not seem to remember what had
happened to him. He also complained of
weakness in his left arm. Having a high index of
suspicion for _____, you ordered a radiological
investigation, which showed the following:
26. Q. What condition is seen here? (0.5)
Q. What are the two most common
causes leading to this? (1)
31. Q. 1
• In the year 1924, X and Seigo Minami published the first
observations on changes in the metabolism of tumors. They had
observed that tumors acidified the Ringer solution (an isotonic salt
solution, with 2.4 mM NaHCO3) when 13 mM glucose was added,
as indicated by a change in the color of organic pH-indicators. In this
acidified solution, lactic acid was chemically identified.
• X corroborated his in vitro results in rats having either a hepatoma
or sarcoma, where he found a higher lactic acid content (chemically
determined) in blood vessels leaving the tumor than in vessels
entering the tumors.
• 1)Who is X? (0.5)
• 2) Briefly explain the basis and significance of the discovery. (1)
32. 1.X is Otto Warburg
2. 2. Cancer cells have increased level of anaerobic
respiration even in p/o oxygen. This gives selective
advantage to the cancer cells as there is less
shuttling of glucose-derived chemical energy into
ATP production and increase buildup of
biomolecules*
33. Q. 2*
• "One way to alleviate the pain of banging your
shin while on a hike is to encounter a grizzly
bear.“
1. Which phenomenon does this refer to?(1)
2. Name two mediators largely responsible for
this.(1)
34. 1. STRESS- INDUCED ANALGESIA
• NOREPINEPHRINE
• ENDOGENOUS CANNABINOIDS LIKE 2AG
(ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL) AND
ANANDAMIDE
35. Q. 3
1.Identify the above shown
figure. (0.5)
2.What do each of the waves
represent? (1.5)
36. His bundle electrogram.
A deflection - AV node activation
H spike - transmission through His
bundle
V deflection - ventricular
depolarization
37. Q. 4
• A twenty-eight year old female was scheduled to undergo excisional
reconstruction and plating of the mandible following a diagnosis of
ameloblastoma on incisional biopsy under local anaesthesia. On
preanaesthetic evaluation, there was no significant finding except
restricted mouth opening and a swelling over the mandible. On
attempting laryngoscopy the patient was found to have masseteric spasm
following administration of succinylcholine. After one hour it was noted
that the EtCO2 was being maintained at 47 -48 mmHg inspite of slight
hyperventilation. Within half an hour EtCO2 rose gradually to 60 mm Hg
and then suddenly to 80 mm Hg .The patient's pulse rate rose gradually to
130 beats per minutes and then suddenly to 160 beats per minutes .At
this time the patient was found to have nasopharyngeal temperature of
106.5.
• 1) Identify the condition.(0.5)
• 2) Give the underlying biochemical basis of the above condition. (0.5)
• 3 )* Name another condition that has the same underlying basis. (1)
39. Q. 5
• The Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for
2017 was awarded to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael
Rosbash, and Michael Young for their
discoveries of molecular mechanisms
controlling the circadian rhythm.
• Enlist any three genes that were found to be
responsible for maintaining our day-night
cycle.(1.5)
41. Q.6
• A well aimed hit here and you you have the
‘wind knocked out of you’, there’s excruciating
pain and you can’t breathe.
• What is it that gets hit?
44. Q. 7
• Enumerate any two bones in the human body
without a periosteum. (1)
• Which bone is an exception to the law of
ossification? (0.5)
• Which is the largest joint of the human body?
(0.5)
50. Q. 10*
• CRISPR (Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) has rapidly become the
most promising genome editing tool with great potential to
revolutionize medicine. Through guidance of a 20 nucleotide RNA
(gRNA), CRISPR-Cas9 finds and cuts target protospacer DNA
precisely 3 base pairs upstream of a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent
Motif). The broken DNA ends are repaired by either NHEJ (Non-
Homologous End Joining). Theoretically, CRISPR-Cas9 could be used
to modify any genomic sequences, thereby providing a simple, easy,
and cost effective means of genome wide gene editing.
Q. Where has this technology been derived from?(1)
Q. What is it's original use?(1)
52. Q. 11
• A patient complains about having difficulty
swallowing. Name two congenital vascular
abnormalities that may produce this
complaint. Explain the embryological basis of
each.(0.5+0.5+0.5+0.5)
54. Q. 12
X is a ventricular arrhythmia resulting due to
prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG. It is a form of
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, translating from
french to “twisting of the points”, named such because of
the unique appearance of the ECG, which appears as if it
is twisting around a point.
1. Identify X. (0.5)
2. Which ion channel is likely to be affected in order to
produce such an effect? (0.5)
56. Q. 13
• Hirschprung disease is due to a congenital
absence of ganglion cells in both myenteric
and submucosal plexuses of a segment of
distal colon, as a result of failure of normal
cranial to caudal migration of neural crest cells
during development. The action of ___X____
on the ___Y____ receptor is necessary for
normal migration of certain neural crest cells.
• X & Y? (0.5 + 0.5)
58. Q. 14*
In an extremely rare case, a baby girl with a severe congenital disorder and
near-total missing external body skin, was born at a city hospital in Nagpur
on 13 June, 2016.
A 23-year-old woman from Amravati gave birth to the girl at Lata
Mangeshkar Medical College and Hospital. While speaking to Hindustan
Times, Dr Yash Banait, a child specialist at the hospital said the baby was
born with a congenital disorder and that this kind of disorder occurs
because of mutation in the genes.
X is a very rare severe genetic skin disease that cause thickening of the
stratum corneum of the epidermis. In such cases, the child’s whole body is
encased in an ‘armour’ of thick white plates of skin separated with deep
cracks. In addition, the eyes, ears, private parts and the appendages may
be abnormally contracted,” said obstetrician and gynaecologist Dr Avinash
Banait.
The overall incidence of X is 1 in 300,000 births, he said.
The female baby died after 2 days and was the first reported case of X in
India.
63. Q. 16(1)
• An anti-aging protein called _ X__ , named
after a daughter of Zeus in Greek mythology,
has recently been discovered to play
important roles in calcium and phosphate
homeostasis, in part by reciprocal effects on
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It plays an
important role in stabilising membrane
localisation of proteins important in calcium
and phosphate reabsorption like TRPV5 and
Na-K-ATPase.
65. Q. 17
A child had nausea, vomiting, and symptoms of hypoglycemia:
sweating, dizziness, and trembling. It was reported that these
attacks occurred shortly after eating fruit or cane sugar. This was
resulting in a strong aversion to fruits. The child was below
normal weight and was an only child who had been breast fed,
during which time none of these symptoms was evident. The
clinical findings included some cirrhosis of the liver, a normal
glucose tolerance test, and reducing substances in the urine that
did not react positively with glucose test papers, in which glucose
oxidase was used as the basis for test.
1. What is the likely diagnosis? (0.5)
2. Explain the hypoglycemia. (0.5)
3. How does this condition potentiate hyperuricemia? (0.5)
66. 1) Hereditary Fructose Intolerace
(Aldolase B deficiency)
2. Fructose-1-phosphate
accumulates inhibits Glycogen
phosphorylase
3. sequestration lead to
hypophosphatemiaATP depletion
increased purine synthesis
69. Q. 19 (0.5)
Which of the following conditions does not
predispose to atherosclerosis?
a) Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency
b) Apo E mutation
c) Defective LDL receptors
d) Hepatic lipase deficiency
71. Q. 20
• A 30 y/o male was brought to the Emergency
with a history of syncope 30 minutes back. The
blood pressure in his right arm was measured to
be 100/70 mm Hg. During the course of
examination, the patient gained consciousness,
but could not seem to remember what had
happened to him. He also complained of
weakness in his left arm. Having a high index of
suspicion for _____, you ordered a radiological
investigation, which showed the following:
72. Q. What condition is seen here? (1)
Q. What are the two most common
causes leading to this? (1)