This document discusses premarital fertility testing. It defines infertility as being unable to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. Primary infertility means a couple has never conceived, while secondary infertility is when a couple was previously able to conceive but can no longer. The document lists various potential causes of infertility for both men and women, as well as important fertility tests like semen analysis, hormone levels, and screening for STDs. It stresses the importance of communication between partners regarding family health histories and any previous surgeries or illnesses that could impact fertility.

1. Premarital
Fertility
Testing.
BY DR TOSIN EKWELIBE (MLT
2009, MBBS 2015)

2. What is
infertility?
Infertility is the inability of a
couple to conceive after 12
months of continuous sexual
intercourse.
Primary infertility
This is infertility in a couple
who has never conceived.
Secondary infertility
this is infertility in a couple
where either one or both
couple has had a pregnancy,
child or children in the past.
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3. Causes of infertility
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4. Causes of
infertility contd..
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 Our society has this belief
that if a couple is infertile
its mainly the woman
who is the cause.
 Studies have shown that
infertility is not
associated to sex of an
individual MANY MEN
CAN BE AS INFERTILE
AS WOMEN !!!

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7. Causes
continued
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8. FERTILITY TESTING
 These are a group of investigations used to assess the reproductive function of an
individual. These include;
 Seminal fluid analysis
 Blood tests for sexually transmitted infections/diseases; HSV, HIV, HBsAg, HPV,
VDRL, HCV, RUBELLA, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, chlamydia.
 Abdominal ultrasound scan; for folliculometry
 Hormonal analysis (LH, FSH, PROGESTERONE, PROLACTIN)
 HVS /endocervical swab
 HSG; hysterosalpingography
 Hysteroscopy
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9. SEMEN ANALYSIS
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12. Other important investigations
 BLOOD GROUP AND RHESUS FACTOR!!!
 Blood sugar checks.
 ECG and chest x-ray.
 Lipid profile.
 Blood TB tests.
 GENOTYPE !!!
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13. Rhesus
isoimmunization
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14. Sickle cell disease
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15. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS TO ASK YOUR
SPOUSE
 Are you or any family member of yours diabetic?
 Are you or any family member of yours asthmatic?
 Is there a family history of seizure disorder ; EPILEPSY?
 Is there any family history of sickle cell disease?
 What is your genotype?
 What is your blood group and rhesus factor?
 Have you had any surgeries in the past; fibroid , ovarian cyst , ectopic pregnancies,
herniotomy(for men).
 Is there any family history of mental illness?
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16. Frequently asked questions.
 I see my monthly period and I have been with my spouse for years why am I not
getting pregnant.
 Test shows I might not be ovulating but my period is regular.
 I see my period once in 3 months, what does it mean.
 I have terrible pains during my period and bleeding as well what do I do?
 My tests show that I have STI what do I do?
 My test shows I have blocked tubes what do I do?
 I have weak erections what do I do?
 I have premature ejaculations what do I do?
 My semen feels watery what do I do?
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AWAREN
ESS IS
KEY!!!!

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