In you have any question about infertility treatment so you should read these notes. I tried my best to mention all possible Q and A about infertility treatment.
Men and women can both be infertile, and the cause of infertility varies in women and men. For women, the cause of infertility ranges from diseases of the thyroid to fibroids in the uterus and even endometriosis.
Ponni Hospitals And Fertility Research Centre concerned with providing the best infertility treatments in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Also brings the best IVF treatments in India and have 25 successful years of experience in handling problems related to infertility by providing the latest technologies such as IUI,ICSI,IMSI etc.
Men and women can both be infertile, and the cause of infertility varies in women and men. For women, the cause of infertility ranges from diseases of the thyroid to fibroids in the uterus and even endometriosis.
Ponni Hospitals And Fertility Research Centre concerned with providing the best infertility treatments in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Also brings the best IVF treatments in India and have 25 successful years of experience in handling problems related to infertility by providing the latest technologies such as IUI,ICSI,IMSI etc.
we had described 7 classical symptoms of pcos in simple language for patients. kindly visit your physician for detail diagnosis.
regards ayusanjivani ayurveada
Now You Can Fight PCOD/PCOS Naturally!
Managing your life with Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), the excess weight, emotional stress, not being able to conceive, the hair problems, having no one to talk to and most importantly—dealing with the comments and snide remarks—all probably leave you feeling dejected and with no time for the most important person in your life—YOU!Explained by Dr. Cheng Mei Ling Theresa Nee Wong
In spite of all the pain and anxiety, if you find little or no improvement in the symptoms after undergoing several conventional treatments, going to the gym and being on crash diets, it’s time to change, to stop the suffering and start living your life to the fullest again!
PCOD,
Get more info on:
http://genderselectionclinic.org/fertilitytreatments/are-you-infertile
The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. There may be no other obvious signs or symptoms. In some cases, however, an underlying problem such as an inherited disorder, hormonal imbalance, dilated veins around the testicle, or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm may cause signs and symptoms.
Infertility is a medical condition which can be treated and both female and male suffer from Infertility worldwide. Female infertility is not being able to conceive after having regular unprotected sex for a year or not being able to carry the pregnancy till term and having repeated miscarriages. Female factor accounts for approximately one-third of all infertility cases
As an intern doctor in Gyne department , this presentation outlines the steps of assessment of an infertile couple including history taking , examinations and relevant investigations and imagings .
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar KhanAsar Khan
In this Presentation we have included the male and female infertility their causes and Management. we hope that it will provide you some basic information regarding this issues.
Infertility problem and Fertility managementRotunda TCHR
Infertility India, Infertility Clinic India, Infertility Surgery India, Infertility, Infertility treatment India, Infertility abroad, conceive a baby, IVF, ICSI, PGD, GIFT, ZIFT, egg donation, sperm, embryo transfer, Pregnancy, egg donor, low cost IVF treatment, diagnosis, female fertility, male infertility, infertility specialist, infertility specialist in India, infertility treatment hospitals in India, infertility treatment clinic India, infertility treatment centre India, test tube baby, gender selection, sex selection, assisted reproductive technique, causes of infertility, procedure of fertility, IVF clinic, IVF clinics in India, pregnancy, sperm analysis, low sperm count, infertility treatment, infertility causes, infertility,IVF India, IVF Clinic India, IVF India, IVF Centre, IVF Treatment India, IVF, IVF Clinic, IVF Center, IVF India, IVF Specialist Doctor, IVF Treatment, IVF Treatment In India, IVF Treatment In Abroad, Women Infertility, Men Fertility, Test Tube Baby, IVF Procedure, ICSI, Embryo Transfer, Variations On Embryo Transfer, GIFT, ART, Egg Donation, Egg Donor, Low Cost Of Treatment, IVF Treatment Available In India, IVF,IVF India, IVF Clinic, Egg Donation, Surrogacy India, Fertility, Infertility, Surrogacy, Genetic Treatment, Human Reproduction, IVF Specialists, Success Rate, Fertility In India, Fertility Abroad, Fertility Treatment In India, Fertility Treatment In Abroad, Infertility In India, Infertility Treatment Abroad, Infertility Treatment In India, Infertility Treatment Abroad, IVF Treatment, IVF Treatment In India, IVF Treatment Abroad, Surrogacy, Surrogacy Treatment, Surrogacy Treatment In India, Surrogacy Treatment In Abroad, Gynecologist, Surrogate Mother, Surrogate Motherhood, Surrogate Mother India, Ovulation Induction, Laser Assisted Hatching, Oocyte Retrieval
we had described 7 classical symptoms of pcos in simple language for patients. kindly visit your physician for detail diagnosis.
regards ayusanjivani ayurveada
Now You Can Fight PCOD/PCOS Naturally!
Managing your life with Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), the excess weight, emotional stress, not being able to conceive, the hair problems, having no one to talk to and most importantly—dealing with the comments and snide remarks—all probably leave you feeling dejected and with no time for the most important person in your life—YOU!Explained by Dr. Cheng Mei Ling Theresa Nee Wong
In spite of all the pain and anxiety, if you find little or no improvement in the symptoms after undergoing several conventional treatments, going to the gym and being on crash diets, it’s time to change, to stop the suffering and start living your life to the fullest again!
PCOD,
Get more info on:
http://genderselectionclinic.org/fertilitytreatments/are-you-infertile
The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. There may be no other obvious signs or symptoms. In some cases, however, an underlying problem such as an inherited disorder, hormonal imbalance, dilated veins around the testicle, or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm may cause signs and symptoms.
Infertility is a medical condition which can be treated and both female and male suffer from Infertility worldwide. Female infertility is not being able to conceive after having regular unprotected sex for a year or not being able to carry the pregnancy till term and having repeated miscarriages. Female factor accounts for approximately one-third of all infertility cases
As an intern doctor in Gyne department , this presentation outlines the steps of assessment of an infertile couple including history taking , examinations and relevant investigations and imagings .
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar KhanAsar Khan
In this Presentation we have included the male and female infertility their causes and Management. we hope that it will provide you some basic information regarding this issues.
Infertility problem and Fertility managementRotunda TCHR
Infertility India, Infertility Clinic India, Infertility Surgery India, Infertility, Infertility treatment India, Infertility abroad, conceive a baby, IVF, ICSI, PGD, GIFT, ZIFT, egg donation, sperm, embryo transfer, Pregnancy, egg donor, low cost IVF treatment, diagnosis, female fertility, male infertility, infertility specialist, infertility specialist in India, infertility treatment hospitals in India, infertility treatment clinic India, infertility treatment centre India, test tube baby, gender selection, sex selection, assisted reproductive technique, causes of infertility, procedure of fertility, IVF clinic, IVF clinics in India, pregnancy, sperm analysis, low sperm count, infertility treatment, infertility causes, infertility,IVF India, IVF Clinic India, IVF India, IVF Centre, IVF Treatment India, IVF, IVF Clinic, IVF Center, IVF India, IVF Specialist Doctor, IVF Treatment, IVF Treatment In India, IVF Treatment In Abroad, Women Infertility, Men Fertility, Test Tube Baby, IVF Procedure, ICSI, Embryo Transfer, Variations On Embryo Transfer, GIFT, ART, Egg Donation, Egg Donor, Low Cost Of Treatment, IVF Treatment Available In India, IVF,IVF India, IVF Clinic, Egg Donation, Surrogacy India, Fertility, Infertility, Surrogacy, Genetic Treatment, Human Reproduction, IVF Specialists, Success Rate, Fertility In India, Fertility Abroad, Fertility Treatment In India, Fertility Treatment In Abroad, Infertility In India, Infertility Treatment Abroad, Infertility Treatment In India, Infertility Treatment Abroad, IVF Treatment, IVF Treatment In India, IVF Treatment Abroad, Surrogacy, Surrogacy Treatment, Surrogacy Treatment In India, Surrogacy Treatment In Abroad, Gynecologist, Surrogate Mother, Surrogate Motherhood, Surrogate Mother India, Ovulation Induction, Laser Assisted Hatching, Oocyte Retrieval
Global Medical Cures™ | Women's Health - REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Caring for your reproductive health, understanding reproduction and gynecological disorders, and understanding you birth control options.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Women's health is something that we all care about, but sometimes it can be a little bit hard to know where to start. We're here to help!
Women's health is so important because it affects every aspect of your life, from your mental health, to your physical health and body image to even the way you feel about yourself. But how do you know if something is affecting your wellbeing? How can you make sure that you're taking care of yourself? And what are the best ways for you to take care of others in your life? 👩😇
Dr. Shilpa Bhandari is a highly experienced IVF specialist in Indore Madhya Pradesh and provides affordable ivf cost in Indore at Mohak infertility center. Book an appointment today Call now us 78980-47572 / 80852-77666 and online visit - https://mohakivf.com/
Infertility and Pregnancy
Here you will discover the foloowing:
Signs of Infertility
The Real Cause of Infertility
Infertility Treatments
How to get Pregnant Naturally
Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.”
By World Health Organization
Reproductive and child health ensures that people have the ability to reproduce and regulate their fertility;
women are able to go through pregnancy and child birth safely, that the outcome of pregnancy is successful in term of maternal and infant survival and well being and couples are able to have sex relation free of fear of pregnancy and contracting diseases
Clinical definitions
Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse
“Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year
The male partner can be evaluated for infertility or sub fertility using a variety of clinical interventions, and also from a laboratory evaluation of semen.”
We provide complete treatment of infertility in Indore at a very low cost. We have a team of very experienced IVF Specialist doctors, who have been providing treatment to childless couples for many years. If you are looking for a Fertility centre in Indore as per your budget, then you should visit the Care Womens Centre. Book an appointment today with the bsst IVF center in indore, call now 8889016663 and visit https://www.carewomenscentre.com/ for more information.
PCOS is a hormonal disorder. These days Every other woman is suffering from PCOS. PCOS is due to combination of genetic and environmental factors. Researches show PCOS has no cure. Only lifestyle changes can help in dealing with it.
Infertility in women can happen due to various reasons. One of the top factors affecting female fertility is age. As the age of the female increases, her fertility decreases. Apart from age, there are other problems that might lead to infertility.
Menopause In Women And Natural Ways to Manage ItOoWomaniya
Menopause is the process through which a woman ceases to be fertile or menstruate. It is a normal part of life and should not be considered a disease or a condition. Read how you can manage it naturally, on OoWomaniya!
Role responsibilities and steps to becoming a child psychologistMaheen Fatima
Steps to Become A Child Psychologist
These notes discusses steps to becoming a child psychologist. If you want to know how one can become a child psychologist, this topic is for you.
If you want to consult with child psychologist in dubai so you can visit euromed clinic dubai or follow the link inside the related article of this notes.
If you want to know the causes of depression so this documents is for you, and if want best psychiatrist in dubai so follow the link of related article in the document.
Symptoms and causes of anxiety disorder.Maheen Fatima
I you have an anxiety issue and you want to know to cause behind that so these notes can hlep you,
and if you want to get and appointment from psychiatrist in dubai:
follow the link in these in these notes.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. What is infertility?
Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying (or six months if a
woman is 35 or older). Women who can get pregnant but are unable to stay pregnant may
also be infertile.
Pregnancy is the result of a process that has many steps. To get pregnant:
A woman's body must release an egg from one of her ovaries (ovulation).
The egg must go through a fallopian tube toward the uterus (womb).
A man's sperm must join with (fertilize) the egg along the way.
The fertilized egg must attach to the inside of the uterus (implantation).
Infertility can happen if there are problems with any of these steps.
Is infertility a common problem?
Yes. About 10 percent of women (6.1 million) in the United States ages 15-44 have difficulty
getting pregnant or staying pregnant, according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC).
Is infertility just a woman's problem?
No, infertility is not always a woman's problem. Both women and men can have problems
that cause infertility. About one-third of infertility cases are caused by women's problems.
Another one third of fertility problems are due to the man. The other cases are caused by a
mixture of male and female problems or by unknown problems.
What causes infertility in men?
Infertility in men is most often caused by:
A problem called varicocele (VAIR-ih-koh-seel). This happens when the veins on a
man's testicle(s) are too large. This heats the testicles. The heat can affect the
number or shape of the sperm.
Other factors that cause a man to make too few sperm or none at all.
Movement of the sperm. This may be caused by the shape of the sperm. Sometimes
injuries or other damage to the reproductive system block the sperm.
Sometimes a man is born with the problems that affect his sperm. Other times problems
start later in life due to illness or injury. For example, cystic fibrosis often causes infertility in
men.
What increases a man's risk of infertility?
A man's sperm can be changed by his overall health and lifestyle. Some things that may
reduce the health or number of sperm include:
Heavy alcohol use
Drugs
Smoking cigarettes
Age
Environmental toxins, including pesticides and lead
Health problems such as mumps, serious conditions like kidney disease, or hormone
problems
Medicines
2. Radiation treatment and chemotherapy for cancer
What causes infertility in women?
Most cases of female infertility are caused by problems with ovulation. Without ovulation,
there are no eggs to be fertilized. Some signs that a woman is not ovulating normally
include irregular or absent menstrual periods.
Ovulation problems are often caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a
hormone imbalance problem which can interfere with normal ovulation. PCOS is the most
common cause of female infertility. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is another cause of
ovulation problems. POI occurs when a woman's ovaries stop working normally before she
is 40. POI is not the same as early menopause.
Less common causes of fertility problems in women include:
Blocked fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or
surgery for an ectopic pregnancy
Physical problems with the uterus
Uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous clumps of tissue and muscle on the walls
of the uterus.
What things increase a woman's risk of infertility?
Many things can change a woman's ability to have a baby. These include:
Age
Smoking
Excess alcohol use
Stress
Poor diet
Athletic training
Being overweight or underweight
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Health problems that cause hormonal changes, such as polycystic ovarian
syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency
How does age affect a woman's ability to have children?
Many women are waiting until their 30s and 40s to have children. In fact, about 20 percent
of women in the United States now have their first child after age 35. So age is a growing
cause of fertility problems. About one-third of couples in which the woman is over 35 have
fertility problems.
Aging decreases a woman's chances of having a baby in the following ways:
Her ovaries become less able to release eggs
She has a smaller number of eggs left
Her eggs are not as healthy
She is more likely to have health conditions that can cause fertility problems
She is more likely to have a miscarriage
3. How long should women try to get pregnant before calling their doctors?
Most experts suggest at least one year. Women 35 or older should see their doctors after
six months of trying. A woman's chances of having a baby decrease rapidly every year after
the age of 30.
Some health problems also increase the risk of infertility. So, women should talk to their
doctors if they have:
Irregular periods or no menstrual periods
Very painful periods
Endometriosis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
More than one miscarriage
It is a good idea for any woman to talk to a doctor before trying to get pregnant. Doctors can
help you get your body ready for a healthy baby. They can also answer questions on fertility
and give tips on conceiving.
How will doctors find out if a woman and her partner have fertility problems?
Doctors will do an infertility checkup. This involves a physical exam. The doctor will also ask
for both partners' health and sexual histories. Sometimes this can find the problem.
However, most of the time, the doctor will need to do more tests.
In men, doctors usually begin by testing the semen. They look at the number, shape, and
movement of the sperm. Sometimes doctors also suggest testing the level of a man's
hormones.
In women, the first step is to find out if she is ovulating each month. There are a few ways to
do this. A woman can track her ovulation at home by:
Writing down changes in her morning body temperature for several months
Writing down how her cervical mucus looks for several months
Using a home ovulation test kit (available at drug or grocery stores)
Doctors can also check ovulation with blood tests. Or they can do an ultrasound of the
ovaries. If ovulation is normal, there are other fertility tests available.
Some common tests of fertility in women include:
Hysterosalpingography (HIS-tur-oh-sal-ping-GOGH-ru-fee): This is an x-ray of
the uterus and fallopian tubes. Doctors inject a special dye into the uterus through
the vagina. This dye shows up in the x-ray. Doctors can then watch to see if the dye
moves freely through the uterus and fallopian tubes. This can help them find physical
blocks that may be causing infertility. Blocks in the system can keep the egg from
moving from the fallopian tube to the uterus. A block could also keep the sperm from
reaching the egg.
Laparoscopy (lap-uh-ROS-kuh-pee): A minor surgery to see inside the abdomen.
The doctor does this with a small tool with a light called a laparoscope (LAP-uh-roh-
skohp). She or he makes a small cut in the lower abdomen and inserts the
laparoscope. With the laparoscope, the doctor can check the ovaries, fallopian
4. tubes, and uterus for disease and physical problems. Doctors can usually find
scarring and endometriosis by laparoscopy.
Finding the cause of infertility can be a long and emotional process. It may take time to
complete all the needed tests. So don't worry if the problem is not found right away.
How do doctors treat infertility?
Infertility can be treated with medicine, surgery, artificial insemination, or assisted
reproductive technology. Many times these treatments are combined. In most cases
infertility is treated with drugs or surgery.
Doctors recommend specific treatments for infertility based on:
Test results
How long the couple has been trying to get pregnant
The age of both the man and woman
The overall health of the partners
Preference of the partners
Doctors often treat infertility in men in the following ways:
Sexual problems: Doctors can help men deal with impotence or premature
ejaculation. Behavioral therapy and/or medicines can be used in these cases.
Too few sperm: Sometimes surgery can correct the cause of the problem. In other
cases, doctors surgically remove sperm directly from the male reproductive tract.
Antibiotics can also be used to clear up infections affecting sperm count.
Sperm movement: Sometimes semen has no sperm because of a block in the
man's system. In some cases, surgery can correct the problem.
In women, some physical problems can also be corrected with surgery.
A number of fertility medicines are used to treat women with ovulation problems. It is
important to talk with your doctor about the pros and cons of these medicines. You should
understand the possible dangers, benefits, and side effects.
What medicines are used to treat infertility in women?
Some common medicines used to treat infertility in women include:
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid): This medicine causes ovulation by acting on the
pituitary gland. It is often used in women who have polycystic
ovary syndrome (PCOS) or other problems with ovulation. This medicine is taken by
mouth.
Human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG (Repronex, Pergonal): This medicine
is often used for women who don't ovulate due to problems with their pituitary gland.
hMG acts directly on the ovaries to stimulate ovulation. It is an injected medicine.
follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH (Gonal-F, Follistim): FSH works much like
hMG. It causes the ovaries to begin the process of ovulation. These medicines are
usually injected.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) analog: These medicines are often
used for women who don't ovulate regularly each month. Women who ovulate before
the egg is ready can also use these medicines. Gn-RH analogs act on the pituitary
5. gland to change when the body ovulates. These medicines are usually injected or
given with a nasal spray.
Metformin (Glucophage): Doctors use this medicine for women who have insulin
resistance and/or PCOS. This drug helps lower the high levels of male hormones in
women with these conditions. This helps the body to ovulate. Sometimes
clomiphene citrate or FSH is combined with metformin. This medicine is usually
taken by mouth.
Bromocriptine (Parlodel): This medicine is used for women with ovulation
problems due to high levels of prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that causes milk
production.
Many fertility drugs increase a woman's chance of having twins, triplets, or other multiples.
Women who are pregnant with multiple fetuses have more problems during pregnancy.
Multiple fetuses have a high risk of being born too early (prematurely). Premature babies
are at a higher risk of health and developmental problems.
What is intrauterine insemination (IUI)?
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an infertility treatment that is often called artificial
insemination. In this procedure, the woman is injected with specially prepared sperm.
Sometimes the woman is also treated with medicines that stimulate ovulation before IUI.
IUI is often used to treat:
Mild male factor infertility
Women who have problems with their cervical mucus
Couples with unexplained infertility
What is assisted reproductive technology (ART)?
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a group of different methods used to help infertile
couples. ART works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with
sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body.
How often is assisted reproductive technology (ART) successful?
Success rates vary and depend on many factors. Some things that affect the success rate
of ART include:
Age of the partners
Reason for infertility
Clinic
Type of ART
If the egg is fresh or frozen
If the embryo is fresh or frozen
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects success rates on ART
for some fertility clinics. According to a 2014 CDC report on ART, the average percentage
of ART cycles that led to a live birth were:
39 percent in women under the age of 35
30 percent in women aged 35-37
21 percent in women aged 37-40
6. 11 percent in women aged 41-42
ART can be expensive and time-consuming. But it has allowed many couples to have
children that otherwise would not have been conceived. The most common complication of
ART is multiple fetuses. But this is a problem that can be prevented or minimized in several
different ways.
What are the different types of assisted reproductive technology (ART)?
Common methods of ART include:
In vitro fertilization (IVF) means fertilization outside of the body. IVF is the most
effective ART. It is often used when a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked or when
a man produces too few sperm. Doctors treat the woman with a drug that causes the
ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Once mature, the eggs are removed from the
woman. They are put in a dish in the lab along with the man's sperm for fertilization.
After 3 to 5 days, healthy embryos are implanted in the woman's uterus.
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer is similar to IVF.
Fertilization occurs in the laboratory. Then the very young embryo is transferred to
the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) involves transferring eggs and sperm into
the woman's fallopian tube. So fertilization occurs in the woman's body. Few
practices offer GIFT as an option.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is often used for couples in which there
are serious problems with the sperm. Sometimes it is also used for older couples or
for those with failed IVF attempts. In ICSI, a single sperm is injected into a mature
egg. Then the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube.
ART procedures sometimes involve the use of donor eggs (eggs from another woman),
donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. Donor eggs are sometimes used for women
who can not produce eggs. Also, donor eggs or donor sperm is sometimes used when the
woman or man has a genetic disease that can be passed on to the baby. An infertile woman
or couple may also use donor embryos. These are embryos that were either created by
couples in infertility treatment or were created from donor sperm and donor eggs. The
donated embryo is transferred to the uterus. The child will not be genetically related to
either parent.
Surrogacy
Women with no eggs or unhealthy eggs might also want to consider surrogacy. A surrogate
is a woman who agrees to become pregnant using the man's sperm and her own egg. The
child will be genetically related to the surrogate and the male partner. After birth, the
surrogate will give up the baby for adoption by the parents.
Gestational carrier
Women with ovaries but no uterus may be able to use a gestational carrier. This may also
be an option for women who shouldn't become pregnant because of a serious health
problem. In this case, a woman uses her own egg. It is fertilized by the man's sperm and
7. the embryo is placed inside the carrier's uterus. The carrier will not be related to the baby
and gives him or her to the parents at birth.
Recent research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that ART
babies are two to four times more likely to have certain kinds of birth defects. These may
include heart and digestive system problems, and cleft (divided into two pieces) lips or
palate. Researchers don't know why this happens. The birth defects may not be due to the
technology. Other factors, like the age of the parents, may be involved. More research is
needed. The risk is relatively low, but parents should consider this when making the
decision to use ART.
Original Source: https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility
Related Article: Most Common Causes of Infertility