Communication skills are essential for effectively conveying and receiving information and include listening, speaking, and understanding various mediums. The document also discusses pre-writing as a preparatory step for writing, outlining various techniques such as brainstorming and mapping to help writers organize their thoughts. These strategies aim to enhance the writing process by allowing writers to clarify their ideas and establish a clear direction before drafting.

2. WHAT ARE COMMUNICATION SKILLS?
Communication skills are the abilities you use
when giving and receiving different kinds of
information. Some examples include
communicating new ideas, feelings or even an
update on your project. Communication skills
involve listening, speaking, observing and
empathizing. It is also helpful to understand the
differences in how to communicate through face-
to-face interactions, phone conversations and
digital communications like email and social
media.

3. COMMUNICATION:
In simple words, we can say that “Just to
convey the message”
If we go into more detail we can say that
“Communication is the process of
transmitting and receiving messages.

4. COMMUNICATION DEFINED:
• Theodorson ( 1969): Defines comm. as the
transmission of information, ideas, attitudes, or
emotions from one person or group to another
or others primarily through symbols.
• Osgood et al. (1957) There is communication
wherever one system or source influences
another, by manipulation of alternative symbols
transmitted over the channel.

5. • Gerber ( 1957) defines communication as social
interaction through messages.
• Comprehensive: Communication is the process of
transmitting information and messages from one point
to another for the purpose of eliciting action actions
that will accomplish a specific goal. Communication is
done with the intention of influencing an audience.
• As a process, communication is not discrete, static or
solitary. It exists in time and changes constantly.

6. PRE-WRITING DEFINITION
Pre-writing is the step in the writing process that precedes the
actual writing of the initial draft of a piece. In response to a writing
prompt or other initial trigger for an idea that anchors a piece of
writing, a writer begins to gather their initial thoughts for that piece
of writing. Prewriting uses a variety of methods and techniques
meant to help writers generate ideas in response to a prompt. There
are the more well-known practices of brain-storming and free-
writing, but also the less commonly- known practices of looping,
mapping, and much more.

7. PURPOSE OF PRE-WRITING:
The purpose of prewriting is to help
writers prepare for the writing of the initial draft of a piece.
Prewriting's meaning is, literally, "to write before writing."
Through prewriting, writers can gather a variety of thoughts
and ideas in response to prompts or other stimuli. Pre-writing
also helps writers interpret a writing prompt or stimulus
effectively, honing in on what specifically is being asked of
them when writing their future piece. A writer will not use
every item that they come up with in the prewriting stage, but
by engaging in the process, the writer is better able to whittle
down their thoughts in order to establish a cogent direction
for the piece they are preparing to write instead of trying to
establish that direction while writing a draft, that work is done
in advance, making the writing stage itself more productive.

8. PREWRITING TECHNIQUES
There are a variety of pre-writing
techniques and prewriting methods that writers use,
including brainstorming, free-writing, list-making,
mapping, outlining and looping. By using one or
more of these processes, writers are able to
develop ideas for a piece of writing and determine
which content best serves that writing and which is
best left out of it.

9. BRAINSTORMING:
When brainstorming, writers begin with a core idea
and jot down thoughts and ideas in response to it.
Everything that comes to a writer's mind that might be
relevant to the piece that will be written gets noted
down, without worrying about the organization. This
process may involve the creation of a web (a central
idea in the middle of a page, with lines extending from
it on which the writer adds associative thoughts) or
other visual aids that help writers develop responses
to an idea to help prepare them for draft writing.

10. Brainstorming is a process by which writers can generate ideas in response to a
prompt, then use those ideas to focus their future drafts.

11. FREEWRITING:
Using free writing, writers can engage in a style of
writing that does not require structure or specific intent.
Instead, writers can freely let ideas come, recording them
in a stream-of-consciousness manner that enables them
to move from one thought to another without worrying
about structural expectations, such as grammar,
punctuation, organization, tense, or other writing
standards. Some of the writing done via this method
might be transposed directly into the eventually written
piece, or the ideas developed by this free-flowing period
of writing might inform the future piece without being
quoted specifically from the prewriting exercise.

12. LIST-MAKING:
List-making is similar to brainstorming in
that it urges writers to respond to a prompt,
theme, or idea by jotting down thoughts that
are stimulated by said prompt, theme, or
idea. List-making is more traditionally
structured, however, in that ideas are listed
one after another in response to the original
stimulus.

13. MAPPING:
Mapping, also known as webbing, helps writers
develop a series of ideas in advance of writing their first
draft. Through mapping, writers can plot out the movement
of the piece they intend to write from idea to idea and
establish the general flow of the piece. Mapping differs from
brainstorming in that brainstorming is a free-flowing,
generative exercise, while mapping helps writers figure out
how one point might lead logically to the next in a written
piece. This helps writers stay on track when they eventually
begin the drafting process because they have developed a
set of guidelines to follow in order to say what they want to
say, how they want to say it, and in what order they want to
say it. This helps writers take the organization into
consideration, outlining their points in order to create the
strongest possible draft.

14. OUTLINING:
Finally, outlining is a prewriting strategy that is useful for
organizing the ideas you’ve generated. This will help you
plan the structure of your writing project.
To create an outline for a piece of writing, you can:
1. Think about the overall point or argument you want to
make, then break that down into a handful of key ideas that
you will need to communicate.
2. Make a bulleted or numbered list of these key points and
arrange them in a logical order. For example, for an essay,
you might start with an introduction that defines your topic,
set out a series of points or pieces of evidence that support
your argument, and then end with a conclusion.

15. 3. For each main point, write a sentence summarizing what
you will say.
4. If necessary, break each main section down into a series of
subsections or subpoints, each with a summary sentence of
its own.
Doing this will give you a clear structure to work
with when you start writing. It is therefore especially helpful
when planning longer writing projects, but it can be useful
whenever you need to be sure a document has an easy-to-
follow structure.

16. THANK YO