The document outlines the writing process, which includes prewriting, drafting, revising, and post-writing stages to help writers effectively communicate their ideas. Prewriting involves brainstorming, research, planning, and understanding the audience, while drafting focuses on content creation without perfection. The final stages include revising for clarity and coherence, and post-writing tasks like editing and formatting the document for submission.

1. Stages
of
Writing
Process
Aliyan Shahid (FA23-BCS-199)
Maizen Abrash (FA23-BCS-187
Anas Azhar (FA23-BCS-452

2. Overview
• Writing is the process of using symbols (letters, words, and
punctuation) to communicate thoughts, ideas, and information.
• The writing process consists of multiple stages that help writers
create well-structured and polished pieces.
• Understanding each stage can improve the quality of your writing
and make the process more manageable.

3. Writing Process
Prewritin
g
01 Drafting
02
Revising
03

4. 1. Pre writing
• Prewriting is the initial stage of the writing process, where you
prepare and organize your ideas before you start drafting your
actual text.
Process:
• Brainstorming
• Research
• Planning
• Audience
• Tone

5. Brainstorming
● Definition: Brainstorming
is the process of coming up
with as many ideas as
possible without judging
them.
● Purpose: Helps to unlock
creativity and gather a wide
range of ideas to explore
further.
● Research involves collecting
data and information
relevant to your topic.
● Purpose: Provides a solid
foundation of facts and
insights to support your
writing.
Research

6. Planning
● Planning is the stage
where you organize your
ideas and information into
a logical structure.
● Purpose: Helps to create a
roadmap for your writing,
ensuring that all necessary
points are covered
systematically.
● Understanding your
audience involves thinking
about who will read your
writing and tailoring your
content accordingly.
● Purpose: Ensures your
writing is relevant,
engaging, and accessible to
your intended readers.
Audience Analytics

7. 2. Drafting and Revisng
• Drafting is the stage in the writing process where you begin
to put your ideas down on paper or a digital document. It
involves writing the initial version of your work, focusing on
capturing your thoughts and ideas without worrying about
making it perfect.
• Purpose: The main goal of drafting is to start translating your
prewriting notes and ideas into a structured format. It allows
you to explore and expand on your concepts, providing a
foundation for further refinement.

8. 2.1. Characteristics and Techniques of Drafting
● Focus on Content: Emphasize getting your ideas and
arguments down.
● Flexibility: Understand that the draft is a work in progress and
will undergo changes.
● Imperfection: Accept that the initial draft will have errors and
areas for improvement.
Techniques:
1. Free Writing
2. Focused Writing
3. Using an Outline

9. 2.2. Benifits
• Idea Development: Allows you to explore your ideas more fully.
• Foundation for Revision: Provides a starting point that you can
improve upon during the revising and editing stages.
• Progress Tracking: Helps you see the progress of your writing
project and stay motivated.

10. 2.3. Revising Checklist
 Review: Check for content and clarity.
 Enhance: Improve the structure and flow.
 Details: Add more information where needed.
 Feedback: Consider input from others.

11. 3. Finishing: Post Writing
• Post-writing is the final stage of the writing process that
occurs after you have completed your initial draft and
revisions. It involves polishing your work, ensuring accuracy
and clarity, and preparing it for submission or publication.
This stage includes tasks such as:
1. Editing
2. Creating Document

12. 3.1. Editing
Definition: Refining your draft to improve style, clarity, and
coherence.
Activities:
1.Grammar and Punctuation: Correcting grammatical
errors and punctuation mistakes.
2.Word Choice: Ensuring appropriate and precise word
usage.
3.Sentence Structure: Enhancing variety and flow within
sentences.

13. 3.3. Creating Document
• This step requires editing and printing of the last document.
• Also include formatting:
1. Layout: Adjusting margins, font size, spacing, and headings.
2.Citation Style: It can be APA , or any other but proper.
• This step takes time and energy cause the writer have to
careful about the grammar, sentences etc.
• It sometimes cause frustration because in case if any
problem occurs.

14. THE END