This document discusses weed control and cultivation techniques. It defines key terms like weeding, cultivation, and soil tilth. The document explains that weeds compete with crops for nutrients and harbor pests, lowering yields and land values. It identifies common weed types like grasses, sedges, and broadleaves. Methods of weed control include mechanical, cropping, biological, and chemical methods. The document also describes cultivation objectives, benefits, timing, and tools used. Proper land preparation, crop rotation, and thorough weeding are emphasized for effective weed management.

2. OBJECTIVES
1.Recognize the importance of weeding and
cultivating
2. Identify the types of weeds and methods
of controlling them.
3. Perform weeding and cultivating using
appropriate tools and implements.
4. Recognize value of cleanliness and
sanitation.

3. Definition of termsWeeds - plants, whether wild or cultivated which are
growing in place where they are not wanted.
Weeding – removing the weeds which a crop grower has to
do repeatedly after planting and before harvesting the
crop.
Cultivation - process of loosening or breaking up the soil
about growing crops of plants in order to maintain it in
condition favorable for their growth.
Soil tilth – the coarseness or fineness of the soil
Hilling up - a kind of cultivation by bringing the soil
towards the base of the plant to cover fertilizer and
control weeds.

4. WHY SHOULD WE CONTROL
WEEDS?
 Weeds cause decrease in crop production because they
compete for the nutrients, moisture, light and space.
 Weeds increase labor and production cost.
 Some weeds harbor plant pests which may affect plant
growth and yield.
 Weeds clog irrigation and drainage canals or ditches
hampering flow of water resulting to overflow and waste of
water resources.
 Some weeds are injurious to man and animals.
 Weeds lower land value.
 Root weeds interlace with roots of plants which makes
cultivation and weeding difficult.

5. Types of WEEDS
1. Grasses. Are monocotyledonous plants which have long,
narrow, two-ranked, usually flat leaves with parallel weins
and wound, hallow stems.
Examples
a. Echinochloa crusgali(L.Beauv.)
local names:
Philippines Dayakibok
Tagalog Dauadaua
Bicol Lagtom
Japan Inubie

6. b. Echinochloa colunum
Local names:
Philippines Bulang tiribuhan
Ilocano Dakayan
Thailand Thai-Yak Nok Sri Champu
2. Sedges. Are similar to grasses but have three-ranked leaves
and triangular solid stems.
Examples:
a. Firmbristylis littoralis Gaud
Local names:
Tagalog ubod-ubod
Pangasinan Gumi
Ilocano Siraw-siraw

7. b. Cyperus iris Linn.
Local names:
Philippines Alinang, sud-sud
Tagalog Taga-t
Japan Kogome-gayatsuri
3. Broadleaved weeds. Are dicotyledonous plants with net-
veined leaves.
Examples:
a. Monocharia vaginalis Presl.
Local names:
Philippines Gabing uwak
Tagalog Biga-bigaan
Ilocano Bil-lagut
Bicol Upi-upi

8. b. Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.
Local names:
Philippines – Dilang Butiki
Tagalog – silisilihan
Visaya – Mais-mais

9. Methods of Controlling the Weeds
I. MECHANICAL METHODS
1. Uprooting the weeds
2. Cutting
3. Flooding or by drying the ground
4. Burning
5. Smothering
6. tillage
Smothering-to
cover

10. II. CROPPING AND COMPETITION
1. Through land preparation
2. crop rotation.
3. cover cropping.
4. Intercropping. two or more crops
are grown in an alternate order.
5. catch cropping. Crops are grown
in between permanent crops

11. III. BIOLOGICAL METHODS
1. Use of clean seeds for planting
2. Use disease- free seeds
3. By pasturing
4. By mulching

12. IV. CHEMICAL METHOD
use of herbicides in controlling weeds. This
method is not environmentally friendly.

13. CULTIVATION
Is a tillage operation of loosening or
breaking up the soil in order to
maintain the condition for the growth
of the crops

14. benefits of cultivation
Cultivation aerates the soil to facilitate
the respiration of plants roots and
micro-organisms as well as to supply
nitrogen for nitrogen-fixing organisms.
It makes the top soil loose to increase
its capacity to absorb the water.
It kills the weeds or the chief plant
competitor.

15. Methods of cultivation
1. off-barring
the soil is cultivated away from the
plants.
2. Hilling-up
the soil is brought toward the base
of the plant to cover fertilizer and
control weeds.

16. Objectives of cultivation
1. Destroy the weeds
2. Conserve soil moisture
3. Help conserve food materials in
the soil
4. Improve aeration of the soil.

17. Depth of Cultivation
should be at a depth of about 5 cm.
to kill weeds.
Time of cultivation
it is done after planting and before
the crops cover the ground.

18. hoe
cultivator

19. Necessary TIPS:
 Prepare your land thoroughly.
 Use seeds free from weed seeds.
 Get acquainted with the nature, life history and habits of
the weeds found in your farm.
 Cultivate and weed your field thoroughly using
implements because they are not only efficient but
convenient to use
 In hand weeding be sure that the weeds are completely
pulled out instead of merely being cut
 Practice crop rotation
 Do not allow weed plants to produce seeds .kill them
before they have the chance to reproduce
 Cultivation should be done as often as necessary to
prevent weeds.

20. Evaluation
A. TRUE OR FALSE: write TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if it is wrong.
1. All weeds are harmful.
2. Weeds are not host hosts of insects pests which may
affect the growth and yield of plants.
3. In order to control weeds successfully, it is important to
know their nature, habit, and growth and their methods
of natural reproduction.
4. In cultivation you don’t only break the soil but also
control the growth of weeds.
5. Cultivation aerates the soil.