PRACTICAL RESEARCH

1. Labadan, Maresia Creselda F., LPT
BSED-ENGLISH (UPHSD-MOLINO)
Under Thesis in Masters of Education @
DLSU-D

3. RESEARCH SKILLS
✓ Reading
✓ Listening
✓ Observing
✓ Watching
✓ Choosing
✓ Questioning
✓ Summarizing
✓ Organizing
✓ Writing
✓ Presenting / Communicating

4. What is Research?
• It’s the thing we do when we want to find
something out.
Noun: systematic investigation to establish facts; a search for
knowledge. - Wordnet
Verb: attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner;
inquire into. - Wordnet
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails
collection of data; documentation of critical information; and
analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in
accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific
professional fields and academic disciplines.

5. Why research is important?
1. Tool for Building Knowledge and Facilitating Learning
2. Means to Understand Issues and Increase Public Awareness
3. Helps Us Succeed in Business
4. Allows Us to Disprove Lies and Support Truths
5. Means to Find, Gauge, and Seize Opportunities
6. Promotes a Love of Reading, Writing, Analyzing, and
Sharing Valuable Information
7. Provides Nourishment and Exercise for the Mind
Why Research Is Necessary and Valuable in Our
Daily Lives?
https://owlcation.com/academia/Why-Research-is-Important-
Within-and-Beyond-the-Academe

6. PR 1 – QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

7. PR 1 – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Qualitative research is a process of naturalistic inquiry that
seeks an in-depth understanding of social phenomena within
their natural setting. It focuses on the "why" rather than the
"what" of social phenomena and relies on the direct
experiences of human beings as meaning-making agents in
their every day lives. Rather than by logical and statistical
procedures, qualitative researchers use multiple systems of
inquiry for the study of human phenomena including biography,
case study, historical analysis, discourse analysis, ethnography,
grounded theory, and phenomenology.

8. Qualitative vs Quantitative

9. Qualitative vs Quantitative

10. TYPES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

11. I. PHENOMENOLOGY
•It seeks to understand how people experience a
particular situation or phenomenon.
•It is conducted primarily through in-depth
conversations and interviews; however, some studies
may collect data from diaries, drawings, or observation.
•Small samples sizes, often 10 or less participants, are
common in phenomenological studies.
•Interview questions are open-ended to allow the
participants to fully describe the experience from their
own view point.

12. …PHENOMENOLOGY
•It focuses on these four aspects of a lived
experience: lived spaced, lived body, lived time, and
lived human relations.
•Data collected is qualitative and analysis includes an
attempt to identify themes or make generalizations
regarding how a particular phenomenon is actually
perceived or experienced.
•Phenomenology is centered on the participants’
experiences with no regard to social or cultural
norms, traditions, or preconceived ideas about
the experience.

13. EXAMPLES:
• How do parents of an autistic child cope with the
news that their child has autism?
• What is it like to experience being trapped in a
natural disaster, such as a flood or hurricane?
• How does it feel to live with a life-threatening
aneurism?
• What is it like to be a minority in a predominantly
white community?
• What is like to survive an airplane crash?
• How do cancer patients cope with a terminal
diagnosis?
• What is it like to be a victim of sexual assault?
https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/research_ready/phenomenology/
phen_overview

14. • Supporting those who work and learn:
A phenomenological research study.
• Out of School Learning Environments in Social Studies Education:
A Phenomenological Research with Teacher Candidates
• Phenomenological Studies in Micromechanics
• Teaching Phenomenological Research and Writing.
• A Phenomenological Research Study on Writer's Block: Causes, Processes, and
Results
• Using Phenomenology to Conduct Environmental Education Research: Experience
and Issues
• Student nurse perceptions of risk in relation to international placements:
a phenomenological research study.
• Service user involvement enhanced the research quality in a study using
interpretative phenomenological analysis - the power of multiple perspectives.
• Philosophy of phenomenology: how understanding aids research.
• Researching Lived Experience of Drugs and Crime: A Phenomenological Study of
Drug-Dependent Inmates.
https://www.science.gov/topicpages/p/phenomenological+research+study

15. II. ETHNOGRAPHY
To provide rich, holistic insights into peoples’
world views and actions, as well as the nature of
the location they inhabit (Hughes 1992)
Ethnography is the study of social interaction and culture
groups, whether these groups are defined as societies,
communities, organizations or teams.
Comes from the Greek words ethnos (people)
and graphei (to write).

16. II. ETHNOGRAPHY
A method where researchers observe
and/or interact with a study’s participants in
their real-life environment. Ethnography was
popularized by anthropology, but is used across
a wide range of social sciences.
The aim of an ethnographic study within a
usability project is to get ‘under the skin’ of a
design problem (and all its associated issues).
It is hoped that by achieving this, a designer
will be able to truly understand the problem
and therefore design a far better solution.

17. • A Qualitative Ethnographic Portrait of Women's Studies
• Mental well-being of patients from ethnic minority groups during critical care:
a qualitative ethnographic study.
• Expanding the clinical role of community pharmacy: A qualitative ethnographic study of
medication reviews in Ontario, Canada.
• Lean leadership: an ethnographic study.
• Disclosure of domestic violence and sexual assault within the context of abortion: meta-
ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies protocol.
• Ethnographic Fieldwork: Studying Journalists at Work
• Ethnographic analysis: a study of classroom environments.
• Ethnographic Fieldwork in psychology
• An Ethnographic Case Study on the Phenomena of Blended Learning Teachers
• The Role of Ethnographic Studies in Empirical Software Engineering
• People with learning disabilities who have cancer: an ethnographic study.
• Music, bodies and relationships: An ethnographic contribution to embodied cognition studies
https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/q/qualitative+ethnog
raphic+study.html
Samples…

18. III. HISTORICAL
Historical research studies the meaning of past events
in an attempt to interpret the facts and explain the
cause of events, and their effect in the present events.
In doing so, researchers rely heavily on primary
historical data (direct accounts of events, archival
data - official documents, personal records, and
records of eyewitnesses) and less frequently on
secondary historical data (information from persons
who didn’t witness the event; e.g. textbooks,
newspapers, encyclopedias).

19. …HISTORICAL RESEARCH
•Formulate idea - select topic after reading
related literature
•Develop research questions
•Develop an inventory of sources - archives,
private libraries, papers
•Clarify validity & reliability of data - primary
sources, authenticity, biases
•Develop research outline to organize
investigative process
•Collect data

20. SAMPLES…
1.The industrial revolution in your country and
worldwide
2.The impact of Martin Luther King’s speech
3.The creation and failure of the Weimar Republic
4.American foreign policy from the beginning of the 21st
century
5.The cold war and its consequences for the world
6.Battle of Hastings and its role in the history of England
7.The history of propaganda from ancient times to
modern days
8.The changes in the economies of Europe after World
War I
9.Sexual revolution: causes and consequences
https://www.aresearchguide.com/30-history-research-paper-topics.html

21. IV. CASE STUDY
•It is an in depth study of a particular situation rather
than a sweeping statistical survey.
The case study research design have evolved over the past few years
as a useful tool for investigating trends and specific situations
in many scientific disciplines.
Basically, a case study is an in depth study of a particular situation
rather than a sweeping statistical survey. It is a method used
to narrow down a very broad field of research into one easily
researchable topic.
Whilst it will not answer a question completely, it will give some
indications and allow further elaboration
and hypothesis creation on a subject.

22. …CASE STUDY
When is a case study appropriate?
The advantage of the case study research design is that you
can focus on specific and interesting cases. This may be an
attempt to test a theory with a typical case or it can be a
specific topic that is of interest. Research should be
thorough and note taking should be meticulous and
systematic.
In a case study, you are deliberately trying to isolate a small
study group, one individual case or one particular
population.

23. Psychology:
1.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a Result of Kidnapping.
2.Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD): Efficient Ways of Mediation and
Treatment.
3.The Complex of the Emperor: Potential Complications.
4.Arachnophobia or the Fear of Spiders: The Workable Techniques.
5.Target Template and Its Influence on Business Mergers.
6.Complex of Superiority: Presidential Campaign in the USA.
7.The Role of Self-monitoring in Establishing Relationships with
Customers.
8.The Bystander Effect.
9.How to Overcome Sexual Harassment in the Workplace.
10.Marihuana and Its Impact on a Fetus.

24. Information Technology:
1.Artificial Intelligence: Advantages and Disadvantages of Its Bestowment.
2.Programming Language Semantics.
3.Augmented Reality and Its Contribution to the Field of Medicine.
4.Randomized Algorithms.
5.The Impact of Brain Computer Interface on the Development of Human
Race.
6.How the Problems of Haptic Technology Could Be Resolved in the Future
7.Analyze All Capacities of Software Development in the New Millennium.
8.What Advancements Could Be Executed to Elude Various Obstacles in
the Work of Graphical User Interfaces?
9.Bioinformatics in the Contemporary Digital Era?
10.The Value of Data Mining in the Expansion of New Social Platforms.

25. Environmental Science:
1.Green Technologies in Reducing Wastage in the Pacific Ocean.
2.The Contribution of Tesla to Saving Endangered Species.
3.The Experience of Norway in Preserving Wild Life.
4.Ecotourism in Australia: Pluses and Minuses.
5.The Kyoto Protocol: Who Failed to Comply with the Well-Formulated
Standards?
6.Water Saving Technologies Utilized in Planting Fruit Trees by Israel.
7.The Outcomes of Water Pollution on the Habitat of Beavers in Canada.
8.Blue Whales: the Biggest Mammal on the Planet is on the Edge of
Extinction.
9.An Overview of Carbon Dioxide Emission Control in Switzerland.
10.The Analysis of Land Exploitation in the Amazonian Region.

26. Education:
1.The Role of Boom’s Taxonomy in Teaching English for Specific Purposes
(ESP).
2.Classroom Observation and Its Influence on the Process of Teaching Children
with Disabilities.
3.Self-Motivated Strategies Aimed at Creativity Outgrowth.
4.Instructional Programs in the Kindergartens in Sweden.
5.How Assess Students Accomplishments not to Modifying Their Motivation.
6.Students Autonomy: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
7.The Role of Social Media, Such as Facebook, on the Heuristic Process in the
Netherlands.
8.Student-centered vs. Teacher-centered Approach.
9.Pros and Cons of E-learning.
10.Eccentric Features of the Educational Process in Germany.

27. Marketing:
1.The Female Skin-care Goods in Finland.
2.Winning Strategies Implemented by Apple to Gain Its World
Recognition.
3.Samsung vs. Apple: The Fight of Giants.
4.Brand Development: The Case of Twitter.
5.McDonalds and Social Media in Establishing Communication with
Customers and Suppliers.
6.Starbucks: Customer Loyalty Building Mechanisms.
7.BMW in the Chinese Market.
8.Nike Company’s Advertizing Strategies.
9.Kongo Gumi: The History of Prosperity in the Construction
Industry from 578 to 2017.
10.Stella Artois Advertisements in Television.

28. Economics:
1.Moral Principles of Ethics in a Start-up Firm.
2.Political Advancements of the European Zone.
3.The Globalization Impact on the Economic Stability in the Post-Soviet
Countries.
4.How Brexit Pierces the World Economy.
5.Sharia Law and Banking Systems in the Islamic States.
6.Turkish Airlines: Incredible Projects, Destinations and Targets.
7.Oil Prices and Financial Crises: Historical Perspective.
8.International Monetary Fund and World Bank: Collaboration in Promoting the
Developing Countries.
9.The Most Auspicious Human Resource Strategies Employed by Dior.
10.Sale Statistics of the New York Stock Exchange Market over the Last Three
Months.
11.Retailer Market Expansion in China.

29. Applied Physics:
1.Electroencephalography (EEG) vs. Magneto-encephalography
(MEG).
2.Plasma Use: Plasma Cutting, Plasma Spraying, and Plasma Arc
Waste Disposal.
3.Polarization of Light.
4.Molecular Memory.
5.Compton Scattering Short-duration Laser.
6.X-band Accelerator Test Stand.
7.Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER)
Technology.
8.Graphene and Graphene Nanoribbon in IT.
9.Carbon Nanotube Memory Components.
10.Decoherence in Nanoscale Systems.