The document outlines the objectives and teaching methods for a Practical Research course led by Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan at San Antonino National High School in the Philippines. Students are expected to differentiate inquiry from research and understand its application in daily life, supported by educational theories from philosophers like John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, and Jerome Bruner. The course includes reflection papers, surveys, and collaborative projects to emphasize the importance of research in decision-making.

1. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
SESSION OBJECTIVE
At the end of the session, the learners should be able to
Differentiate Inquiry from Research.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

2. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
Compose an essay regarding the use of
research in their daily life as a student. This
is an important skill that should be
developed in every student. This is
necessary in order for them to realize the
value of research.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

3. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
Governing Principles or Foundation of inquiry
Inquiry-based Learning, popularly known as IBL, gets its support from three
educational theories servings as its foundation:
1.Theory on Connected Experiences for Exploratory and Reflective Thinking
John Dewey (1859-1952), an American educator and philosopher, was the
number one supporter of this basic theory of IBL. It was he who strongly
promoted experiential learning or learning by doing.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

4. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
2. Theory of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Lev Vygotsky (1978), a renowned psychologist, was the proponent of this learning theory that
underpins social constructivism, which, according to Vygotsky, is the basis of Inquiry-based learning.
Engaged in his studies on developmental psychology, Vygotsky came to discover the concept of the zone
of Proximal Development or ZPD, which states that students can learn faster and more effectively if they
get help from more learned or experience people or from instructional scaffolding.
This teaching technique: instructional scaffolding, also called “ front-loading vocabulary,” encourages
teachers to carry out teaching strategies such as: showing pictures, activating students’ schemata, using
graphic organizers, chunking texts, previewing texts, modeling, demonstrating, and encouraging pair or
group work among others to provoke, enhance, or support students’ learning. Linking the meaning of ZPD
to instructional scaffolding, Eileen Raymond of Edutopia defined ZPD as “the distance between what the
students can do by themselves and the next learning that they can be helped to achieve with complete
assistance.”
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

5. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
•. Theory of Constructive or Discovery Learning
• Jerome Bruner (1915-2016), an American psychologist, was
one of the leading backers of this learning theory that would
enable the leaners to discover answers to their inquiries through
their reliance on their schemata prior knowledge or experience.
He said that the students’ varied world perceptions arising from
the myriad of knowledge stock in their minds enable them to
come out with their own interpretative thinking of people and
things around them (Bruner,2019).
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

6. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
•Identify situations in daily life that research is of great importance. Let them explain
how to use results of researches in good decision-making.
•Formative Assessment 1.1
•Examining research studies Ask the students to read sample research then ask them to
write a reflection paper about the importance of research in our daily life. Provide the
students the following guide questions in writing their reflection.
•What appears to be the main objective of the research?
•Does the research have conclusion and recommendation?
•Why is the research conducted?
•How does the research study help you in your daily life?
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

7. Practical Research 1: Dr. Ruel Maramag Bayucan
•Give the students opportunities to demonstrate their
understanding of the importance of research in daily life by
conducting a survey/interview of 20 students asking them the
importance of research in their daily life. This can be done through
a collaborative work. In addition, ask them to look for examples of
research in different areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports,
science, information and communication technology and social
inquiry) then ask them to present the importance of the research
they have found in their daily activities.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02/ Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Isabela
300511-SAN ANTONINO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL