An Engineer at Innovative Engineering Inc, gives a presentation Façade inspections. It covers deficiencies, repairs, and the process of performing the inspection.
Practical Considerations For Building Façade InspectionsScott L Weiland PE
The document discusses practical considerations for facade inspections. It covers the history and purpose of facade inspections, common facade problems and their sources, inspection procedures, and investigative tools. Case studies of facade inspections in Bedford, MA and Athens, GA are presented to illustrate deficiencies found and repairs recommended. The presentation emphasizes the importance of thorough inspections, including visual examinations, detailed close-up inspections using access equipment, and tools like borescopes and thermal cameras. Facade inspections following this process can identify safety issues, water intrusion problems, and needed repairs.
The document summarizes lessons learned from a mock-up project. Key points include: precise material matching like marble is important; rigidity and aesthetics of ceiling supports must be addressed; quality control is essential; and careful attention to details and specifications yields the best results. Feedback showed areas needing revision like structural stability, material consistency, and finish quality. The mock-up successfully identified issues to inform the actual project's design and construction.
This document discusses evaluating whether to re-skin or renovate an existing building exterior envelope. It outlines investigating the structural integrity, thermal performance, water resistance, significance, and life cycle of the existing facade. Repair may be sufficient if 30-50% of the facade does not need removal. Otherwise, replacement may be more cost effective. Case studies demonstrate projects that renovated, restored, or fully replaced existing facades.
The document discusses the repair and rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete structures. It provides information on:
1) The main causes of concrete deterioration including corrosion of steel reinforcement from chlorides or carbonation, poor quality concrete, and environmental factors.
2) The stages of condition survey to evaluate deterioration including preliminary inspection, planning, visual inspection, and field/laboratory testing on representative structural elements.
3) Common defects observed in concrete like cracks, staining, and evidence of chemical reactions or corrosion of reinforcement.
Condition survey and non destructive evalution of concreteAvinash Kumar Gupta
The document provides information on conducting condition surveys and non-destructive evaluation of concrete structures. It discusses examining concrete to identify distress, collecting a structure's history, and assessing causes of issues like corrosion or cracking. Non-destructive tests mentioned include rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity, pullout tests, and cover meter readings to evaluate concrete strength, cracking, and rebar location without damaging the structure. The document provides detailed procedures for performing these assessments and tests.
The document provides guidance on writing expert reports. It emphasizes that reports should be concise, well-organized, and focus on the key issues. Reports should include an assessment of the instructions, qualifications of the expert, observations and documentation of any defects, opinions on the cause of defects and compliance with relevant standards, scope and costing of recommended repairs. Photographic evidence should be annotated to clearly illustrate issues. Overall, the document stresses the importance of thorough investigation and presentation of reasoning to establish credibility as an expert witness.
This document provides 26 questions and answers on repairs and rehabilitation of structures. It discusses key topics like the definitions of maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. It also addresses causes of deterioration like corrosion, environmental effects, and poor quality materials. Methods for evaluating existing structure strengths are outlined, like the fixed percentage method and load testing. Important considerations for repair work are highlighted, such as selecting procedures, addressing design and construction flaws, and the importance of supervision quality. Stages of inspection and maintenance are also summarized.
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.
Practical Considerations For Building Façade InspectionsScott L Weiland PE
The document discusses practical considerations for facade inspections. It covers the history and purpose of facade inspections, common facade problems and their sources, inspection procedures, and investigative tools. Case studies of facade inspections in Bedford, MA and Athens, GA are presented to illustrate deficiencies found and repairs recommended. The presentation emphasizes the importance of thorough inspections, including visual examinations, detailed close-up inspections using access equipment, and tools like borescopes and thermal cameras. Facade inspections following this process can identify safety issues, water intrusion problems, and needed repairs.
The document summarizes lessons learned from a mock-up project. Key points include: precise material matching like marble is important; rigidity and aesthetics of ceiling supports must be addressed; quality control is essential; and careful attention to details and specifications yields the best results. Feedback showed areas needing revision like structural stability, material consistency, and finish quality. The mock-up successfully identified issues to inform the actual project's design and construction.
This document discusses evaluating whether to re-skin or renovate an existing building exterior envelope. It outlines investigating the structural integrity, thermal performance, water resistance, significance, and life cycle of the existing facade. Repair may be sufficient if 30-50% of the facade does not need removal. Otherwise, replacement may be more cost effective. Case studies demonstrate projects that renovated, restored, or fully replaced existing facades.
The document discusses the repair and rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete structures. It provides information on:
1) The main causes of concrete deterioration including corrosion of steel reinforcement from chlorides or carbonation, poor quality concrete, and environmental factors.
2) The stages of condition survey to evaluate deterioration including preliminary inspection, planning, visual inspection, and field/laboratory testing on representative structural elements.
3) Common defects observed in concrete like cracks, staining, and evidence of chemical reactions or corrosion of reinforcement.
Condition survey and non destructive evalution of concreteAvinash Kumar Gupta
The document provides information on conducting condition surveys and non-destructive evaluation of concrete structures. It discusses examining concrete to identify distress, collecting a structure's history, and assessing causes of issues like corrosion or cracking. Non-destructive tests mentioned include rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity, pullout tests, and cover meter readings to evaluate concrete strength, cracking, and rebar location without damaging the structure. The document provides detailed procedures for performing these assessments and tests.
The document provides guidance on writing expert reports. It emphasizes that reports should be concise, well-organized, and focus on the key issues. Reports should include an assessment of the instructions, qualifications of the expert, observations and documentation of any defects, opinions on the cause of defects and compliance with relevant standards, scope and costing of recommended repairs. Photographic evidence should be annotated to clearly illustrate issues. Overall, the document stresses the importance of thorough investigation and presentation of reasoning to establish credibility as an expert witness.
This document provides 26 questions and answers on repairs and rehabilitation of structures. It discusses key topics like the definitions of maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. It also addresses causes of deterioration like corrosion, environmental effects, and poor quality materials. Methods for evaluating existing structure strengths are outlined, like the fixed percentage method and load testing. Important considerations for repair work are highlighted, such as selecting procedures, addressing design and construction flaws, and the importance of supervision quality. Stages of inspection and maintenance are also summarized.
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.
This document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It covers causes of distress in concrete structures such as structural issues, design/construction errors, chemical reactions, and corrosion of reinforcement. It then describes evaluation procedures for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and core extraction/testing. Specific causes of cracks in concrete like plastic shrinkage, thermal stresses, and inadequate reinforcement are also outlined. Finally, routing and sealing of cracks is discussed as a common remedial repair technique.
This document discusses the importance of preventative maintenance for commercial roofing assets. It notes that neglecting roof maintenance significantly increases total costs over the life of the roof. A preventative maintenance program includes regular inspections, documentation, non-destructive testing, and scheduled repairs. This helps extend the life of the roof while avoiding costly leaks, damage, and premature replacement. The Garland Company offers preventative maintenance programs that provide comprehensive roof analysis and monitoring to maximize the return on a building's roof investment.
- The home inspection report summarizes the inspection of a home located in Atlanta, GA that was performed by Gerald Simmons & Associates.
- Key issues noted include a failing roof with burned wood needing repair, drainage issues causing water to enter the crawl space, a non-functional sump pump, plumbing venting issues, and electrical renovations requiring evaluation by a licensed electrician.
- The inspection was limited to visual and functional aspects, and did not include testing of areas that require disassembly or activating shut-down systems. Latent or concealed defects may exist.
This document discusses quality management in construction. It covers general concepts like quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management. It also discusses ensuring structural integrity by properly managing vertical forces like gravity, soil characteristics, and differential settlement, as well as lateral forces like wind, earthquakes, and soil movement. Additionally, it addresses managing water and moisture, durability and maintenance needs, environmental considerations, thermal and acoustic control, aesthetics, and following relevant codes and regulations. The overall goal is to carefully coordinate all building documentation and work to prevent errors and ensure customer satisfaction.
The document discusses options for roof work, including patch and repair, maintenance, and replacement. It focuses on roof restoration as a lower-cost alternative to replacement. Roof restoration involves removing debris, reinforcing anomalies and flashings, installing new waterproofing, and results in an "almost like new" roof. However, not all roofs are suitable candidates for restoration, which depends on factors like insulation and felt condition, number of plies, age, flashing quality, and amount of anomalies. Roof restoration typically costs 1/3 to 1/2 of a full replacement.
1. Considerations in Retrofitting a Facility After an IncidentLeslie Casner
The document discusses considerations for retrofitting a facility after an incident. It provides examples of 3 case studies involving a dust explosion, bin failure, and employee entrapment. For each case, it describes analyzing the root cause, determining corrective actions such as repairs or upgrades, evaluating the facility's needs based on market conditions, and establishing new goals. The key takeaways are to learn from incidents by finding root causes, use downtime to improve safety and efficiency, and retrofit facilities to meet future needs and opportunities rather than just restoring the status quo.
VBCOA 2014 Conference - The Stuctures Group - Special InspectionsTheStructuresGroup
This document provides an overview of special inspections, including their purpose and history. Special inspections were added to building codes in the 1980s in response to structural failures, to ensure adequate materials, fabrication, and installation techniques. The goal of special inspections is to enhance public safety through improved construction quality. Recent code changes have clarified responsibilities and documentation requirements for the special inspection process.
This document provides an overview of asset integrity basics for storage tanks, including component breakdown, dominant degradation mechanisms, corresponding inspection plans, analysis using RB-IT 360 software, maintenance and inspection, and specific cases like insulated tanks, riveted tanks, and underground bullet tanks. The presentation covers ensuring inspection plans adequately address degradation risks, performing reliable trend analysis using historical inspection data, and closing the loop through the PDCA process of maintenance and follow-up inspections.
Chris brooks storage tanks inspection, maintenance and failureSreekumar K S
API 653 tank inspections are important to identify problems and prevent tank failures. Inspections should be conducted by certified inspectors following proper protocols, including visual and ultrasound thickness testing and vacuum testing of floor seams. Tank maintenance includes regular visual inspections, keeping records, and conducting API-653 inspections every five years. Common causes of catastrophic tank failures include improper welding procedures resulting in a lack of weld fusion, not using certified welders, weld deterioration over time, overfilling tanks, and using contractors not qualified to API standards.
REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURES.pptxKavinKumars19
Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of structures aims to extend the life of structures and improve safety and performance. Proper maintenance includes regular inspections to detect issues early and prevent major deterioration. Inspections may be daily, weekly, monthly or yearly depending on the structure. Assessments of damaged structures involve inspection, testing, load analysis, and choosing remedial actions like repairing cracks, strengthening, or full replacement. Deterioration can result from poor design, environmental effects, low quality materials, or lack of supervision during construction. Common causes of deterioration include corrosion, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, and physical weathering.
Subsurface investigation is an essential preliminary step for any civil engineering project to understand subsurface conditions. It involves sampling and examining subsurface materials like soil and rock to provide data for design recommendations. The investigation process includes planning explorations, executing them using techniques like boreholes and test pits, laboratory testing of samples, and reporting findings with descriptions, test results, analyses, and recommendations. The stages are reconnaissance, data collection, in-depth investigation, and laboratory testing to characterize subsurface conditions like bearing capacity. This informs foundation selection and predicts issues like settlement.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
This document summarizes a presentation on parking structure maintenance. It discusses types of parking facilities including on-street, surface lots, and structures. It then covers typical structure materials like cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete, and structural steel. Common deficiencies in parking structures are also outlined such as ponding, failed joints, corrosion, cracks and more. The presentation emphasizes the importance of routine maintenance and timely restoration to reduce lifecycle costs and prevent reactive maintenance needs.
What to expect from a Pinnacle Home Inspection.jimkolke
The document outlines what homeowners can expect to be inspected during a home inspection. It discusses that all areas of the interior and exterior of the home will be evaluated, including structural components, electrical systems, plumbing, HVAC, roof, attic, basement, garage and more. Inspectors will use tools and their knowledge to thoroughly inspect each system and component, documenting any issues found.
The document provides details on 18 different non-residential construction projects that the expert consulting firm was involved in. The projects included warehouses, office buildings, schools, hospitals, and other commercial and institutional structures. For each project, the client, location, key project details, and the services provided by the consulting firm such as building investigations, documentation of deficiencies, litigation support, and recommendations are summarized.
THIS COURSE TEACHES:
-- Analyze substrate conditions to identify problematic substrate conditions – including substrate variation and excessive moisture.
-- Explain the effects of excessive moisture levels in substrates on specific floor-coverings and delineate the benefits of a moisture mitigation membrane.
-- Understand how to work within the parameters of today’s tight construction schedules and commitment to LEED® certification, while simultaneously addressing substrate conditions to prevent flooring failures.
-- Address substrate variation by selecting an appropriate patch or self-leveler.
This document provides an overview of Caltech Labs Inc., a company that offers geotechnical and materials testing services in Southern California. Section 1 introduces the company and its experience. Section 2 highlights relevant experience on several healthcare projects involving inspection and testing of grading, concrete, steel, masonry, piles, and other construction elements. Section 3 lists the company's schedule of fees.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on structural health monitoring and auditing. The syllabus covers factors affecting structural health, concepts of structural health monitoring, how to assess structural health and investigate issues, non-destructive testing methods, static and dynamic field testing, and case studies of structure repairs and rehabilitation. The first unit defines factors that can cause deterioration in structures like design flaws, environmental effects, and changes in loading. It also defines defects, distress, and deterioration in structures.
The document discusses the importance of door sheet stiffening in storage tanks. It explains that door sheet stiffeners help prevent shell deflection during construction and repair work by stabilizing the shell. The document recommends using horizontal and vertical stiffeners installed before and after door sheet removal. It provides guidelines on stiffener design and placement to properly support the shell and minimize distortions.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
This document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It covers causes of distress in concrete structures such as structural issues, design/construction errors, chemical reactions, and corrosion of reinforcement. It then describes evaluation procedures for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and core extraction/testing. Specific causes of cracks in concrete like plastic shrinkage, thermal stresses, and inadequate reinforcement are also outlined. Finally, routing and sealing of cracks is discussed as a common remedial repair technique.
This document discusses the importance of preventative maintenance for commercial roofing assets. It notes that neglecting roof maintenance significantly increases total costs over the life of the roof. A preventative maintenance program includes regular inspections, documentation, non-destructive testing, and scheduled repairs. This helps extend the life of the roof while avoiding costly leaks, damage, and premature replacement. The Garland Company offers preventative maintenance programs that provide comprehensive roof analysis and monitoring to maximize the return on a building's roof investment.
- The home inspection report summarizes the inspection of a home located in Atlanta, GA that was performed by Gerald Simmons & Associates.
- Key issues noted include a failing roof with burned wood needing repair, drainage issues causing water to enter the crawl space, a non-functional sump pump, plumbing venting issues, and electrical renovations requiring evaluation by a licensed electrician.
- The inspection was limited to visual and functional aspects, and did not include testing of areas that require disassembly or activating shut-down systems. Latent or concealed defects may exist.
This document discusses quality management in construction. It covers general concepts like quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management. It also discusses ensuring structural integrity by properly managing vertical forces like gravity, soil characteristics, and differential settlement, as well as lateral forces like wind, earthquakes, and soil movement. Additionally, it addresses managing water and moisture, durability and maintenance needs, environmental considerations, thermal and acoustic control, aesthetics, and following relevant codes and regulations. The overall goal is to carefully coordinate all building documentation and work to prevent errors and ensure customer satisfaction.
The document discusses options for roof work, including patch and repair, maintenance, and replacement. It focuses on roof restoration as a lower-cost alternative to replacement. Roof restoration involves removing debris, reinforcing anomalies and flashings, installing new waterproofing, and results in an "almost like new" roof. However, not all roofs are suitable candidates for restoration, which depends on factors like insulation and felt condition, number of plies, age, flashing quality, and amount of anomalies. Roof restoration typically costs 1/3 to 1/2 of a full replacement.
1. Considerations in Retrofitting a Facility After an IncidentLeslie Casner
The document discusses considerations for retrofitting a facility after an incident. It provides examples of 3 case studies involving a dust explosion, bin failure, and employee entrapment. For each case, it describes analyzing the root cause, determining corrective actions such as repairs or upgrades, evaluating the facility's needs based on market conditions, and establishing new goals. The key takeaways are to learn from incidents by finding root causes, use downtime to improve safety and efficiency, and retrofit facilities to meet future needs and opportunities rather than just restoring the status quo.
VBCOA 2014 Conference - The Stuctures Group - Special InspectionsTheStructuresGroup
This document provides an overview of special inspections, including their purpose and history. Special inspections were added to building codes in the 1980s in response to structural failures, to ensure adequate materials, fabrication, and installation techniques. The goal of special inspections is to enhance public safety through improved construction quality. Recent code changes have clarified responsibilities and documentation requirements for the special inspection process.
This document provides an overview of asset integrity basics for storage tanks, including component breakdown, dominant degradation mechanisms, corresponding inspection plans, analysis using RB-IT 360 software, maintenance and inspection, and specific cases like insulated tanks, riveted tanks, and underground bullet tanks. The presentation covers ensuring inspection plans adequately address degradation risks, performing reliable trend analysis using historical inspection data, and closing the loop through the PDCA process of maintenance and follow-up inspections.
Chris brooks storage tanks inspection, maintenance and failureSreekumar K S
API 653 tank inspections are important to identify problems and prevent tank failures. Inspections should be conducted by certified inspectors following proper protocols, including visual and ultrasound thickness testing and vacuum testing of floor seams. Tank maintenance includes regular visual inspections, keeping records, and conducting API-653 inspections every five years. Common causes of catastrophic tank failures include improper welding procedures resulting in a lack of weld fusion, not using certified welders, weld deterioration over time, overfilling tanks, and using contractors not qualified to API standards.
REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURES.pptxKavinKumars19
Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of structures aims to extend the life of structures and improve safety and performance. Proper maintenance includes regular inspections to detect issues early and prevent major deterioration. Inspections may be daily, weekly, monthly or yearly depending on the structure. Assessments of damaged structures involve inspection, testing, load analysis, and choosing remedial actions like repairing cracks, strengthening, or full replacement. Deterioration can result from poor design, environmental effects, low quality materials, or lack of supervision during construction. Common causes of deterioration include corrosion, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, and physical weathering.
Subsurface investigation is an essential preliminary step for any civil engineering project to understand subsurface conditions. It involves sampling and examining subsurface materials like soil and rock to provide data for design recommendations. The investigation process includes planning explorations, executing them using techniques like boreholes and test pits, laboratory testing of samples, and reporting findings with descriptions, test results, analyses, and recommendations. The stages are reconnaissance, data collection, in-depth investigation, and laboratory testing to characterize subsurface conditions like bearing capacity. This informs foundation selection and predicts issues like settlement.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
This document summarizes a presentation on parking structure maintenance. It discusses types of parking facilities including on-street, surface lots, and structures. It then covers typical structure materials like cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete, and structural steel. Common deficiencies in parking structures are also outlined such as ponding, failed joints, corrosion, cracks and more. The presentation emphasizes the importance of routine maintenance and timely restoration to reduce lifecycle costs and prevent reactive maintenance needs.
What to expect from a Pinnacle Home Inspection.jimkolke
The document outlines what homeowners can expect to be inspected during a home inspection. It discusses that all areas of the interior and exterior of the home will be evaluated, including structural components, electrical systems, plumbing, HVAC, roof, attic, basement, garage and more. Inspectors will use tools and their knowledge to thoroughly inspect each system and component, documenting any issues found.
The document provides details on 18 different non-residential construction projects that the expert consulting firm was involved in. The projects included warehouses, office buildings, schools, hospitals, and other commercial and institutional structures. For each project, the client, location, key project details, and the services provided by the consulting firm such as building investigations, documentation of deficiencies, litigation support, and recommendations are summarized.
THIS COURSE TEACHES:
-- Analyze substrate conditions to identify problematic substrate conditions – including substrate variation and excessive moisture.
-- Explain the effects of excessive moisture levels in substrates on specific floor-coverings and delineate the benefits of a moisture mitigation membrane.
-- Understand how to work within the parameters of today’s tight construction schedules and commitment to LEED® certification, while simultaneously addressing substrate conditions to prevent flooring failures.
-- Address substrate variation by selecting an appropriate patch or self-leveler.
This document provides an overview of Caltech Labs Inc., a company that offers geotechnical and materials testing services in Southern California. Section 1 introduces the company and its experience. Section 2 highlights relevant experience on several healthcare projects involving inspection and testing of grading, concrete, steel, masonry, piles, and other construction elements. Section 3 lists the company's schedule of fees.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on structural health monitoring and auditing. The syllabus covers factors affecting structural health, concepts of structural health monitoring, how to assess structural health and investigate issues, non-destructive testing methods, static and dynamic field testing, and case studies of structure repairs and rehabilitation. The first unit defines factors that can cause deterioration in structures like design flaws, environmental effects, and changes in loading. It also defines defects, distress, and deterioration in structures.
The document discusses the importance of door sheet stiffening in storage tanks. It explains that door sheet stiffeners help prevent shell deflection during construction and repair work by stabilizing the shell. The document recommends using horizontal and vertical stiffeners installed before and after door sheet removal. It provides guidelines on stiffener design and placement to properly support the shell and minimize distortions.
Similar to Practical Considerations For Building Façade Inspec ICRI (20)
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
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https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
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Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
2. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Learning Objectives
• Learn and Understand
• The History of Façade Inspections and the Ordinances
that Require Them
• The Roles that a Façade Serves
• The Source of Common Façade Problems
• The Process of Performing a Façade Inspection
3. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Historic Precedent for Façade Inspections
2-Year-Old Girl Dies After Being Hit in Head by Falling Brick on Upper West Side. NBCUniversal Media, LLC., n.d. Web.
4. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Historic Precedent for Façade Inspections
2-Year-Old Girl Dies After Being Hit in Head by Falling Brick on Upper West Side. NBCUniversal Media, LLC., n.d. Web.
5. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Façade Ordinances
US City Year Criteria for Inclusion Frequency Required Method of Inspection Penalty
New York, NY 1980 6 stories ≥ 5 years Visual & close-up inspection Initially $1,000 and
$250/Month
Columbus,
Ohio
1985 20 years ≥ within 10 feet of a public right
of way
5 years Determined by Architect or
Engineer
Initially $500 with
$250/Month
Boston, MA 1995 70 feet ≥ or classified as a high-rise
structure
5 years or 1 year if unoccupied Visual for buildings less than 125
feet, Up-close inspection for
buildings in excess of 125 feet
$100/Day
Chicago, IL 1996
(1976)
80 feet ≥ Critical Exam every 4, 8, or 12 years w/
ongoing inspection at half of that interval.
Alternately ongoing inspections can be
performed every 2 years
Critical Exams require visual and
close-up inspections. Ongoing
inspections only require visual
inspections.
$1,000/Day-
$2,500/Day
Milwaukee,
WI
2001 15 years old or older and 5 stories in
height or greater
5, 8, or 12 years depending on building
category
Visual & close-up inspection $150/Day-
$5,000/Day
Detroit, MI 2003 5 stories ≥ 5 years Visual & close-up inspection Initially $500 with
$250/Month
Pittsburgh, PA 2004 All buildings and structures (Some use
groups are exempt)
5 years Visual & close-up inspection $1,000
St. Louis, MO 2009 6 stories ≥ 5 years Visual & close-up inspection $500/Day
Philadelphia,
PA
2010 6 stories ≥ 10 years after occupancy certificate is
issued and 5 years thereafter
Visual & close-up inspection $2,000
Cleveland, OH Proposed
13. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Façade Inspection Comparison
• Boston, MA
• Façade
Ordinance
• Estimated
Repair
Costs:
$460,000
14. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Roles Served by A Building’s Façade
• Structural
• Wind
• Seismic
• Blast
• Gravity
• Environmental
• Water
• Air
• Sound
• Architectural
Digital image. International Masonry Institute, n.d. Web.
15. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Common Façade Configurations
Barrier WallMass
Type
Cavity Wall
Type
Cavity Wall Diagram. Digital
image. Whole Building Design
Guide. National Institute of
Building Sciences, n.d. Web.
Barrier Wall Diagram. Digital
image. Whole Building Design
Guide. National Institute of
Building Sciences, n.d. Web.
Mass Wall Diagram. Digital
image. Whole Building Design
Guide. National Institute of
Building Sciences, n.d. Web.
16. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Cavity Wall Common Deficiencies
• Non-Load Bearing Masonry
Cavity Wall
1. Deteriorated Mortar Joints
2. Cracks In Masonry
3. Masonry Spalls
4. Relief/Lintel Angle
Deterioration
5. Tie/Support Deterioration
6. Failing Previous Repairs
Cavity Wall Diagram. Digital image. Whole Building Design Guide. National Institute of Building Sciences, n.d. Web.
17. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Cavity Wall Common Repairs
• Non-Load Bearing Masonry
Cavity Wall
1. Deteriorated Mortar – Remove
loose mortar to sound
substrate and repoint joint
with mortar repair material
similar in strength to
existing
2. Cracks In Masonry
3. Masonry Spalls
4. Relief/Lintel Angle
Deterioration
5. Tie/Support Deterioration
6. Failing Previous Repairs
18. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Cavity Wall Common Repairs
• Non-Load Bearing Masonry
Cavity Wall
1. Deteriorated Mortar
2. Cracks In Masonry
3. Masonry Spalls – Patch or
Remove and replace damaged
masonry. Shore existing
masonry as required.
4. Relief/Lintel Angle
Deterioration
5. Tie/Support Deterioration
6. Failing Previous Repairs
19. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Façade Deficiency Classification
• Serviceability
Failures
• Effect Operations
• Water Leakage
• Air Leakage
• Inhibit Ability to
Perform as Expected
• Safety Related
Failures
• Of Immediate Concern
• Hazardous/Will Become
Hazardous to Public
• Potential for Property
Damage
20. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Typical Façade Deficiency Sources
• Movement of Materials
• Thermal
• Moisture
• Elastic Deformation
• Creep
• Corrosion
• Unstable Soils
• Aging, Weathering, and
Degradation of Materials
• Weather Tightness of
Materials
• Poor Detailing and
Execution
• Lack of Maintenance
21. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Typical Façade Deficiency Sources
• Movement of Materials
• Thermal
• Moisture
• Elastic Deformation
• Creep
• Corrosion
• Unstable Soils
• Aging, Weathering, and
Degradation of Materials
• Weather Tightness of
Materials
• Poor Detailing and
Execution
• Lack of Maintenance
35. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Drawings and Specifications
• Invaluable resource
• Confirms façade
construction
• Establish history of
façade and projects
that affected it
• Common to be told no
drawings exist
• Be persistent!
40. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Visual Inspection: UAV (Drone)
• Define areas of
interest
• Help reduce access
costs
• Not a replacement
for hands on up-
close inspections
41. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Visual Inspection: UAV (Drone)
• Define areas of
interest
• Help reduce access
costs
• Not a replacement
for hands on up-
close inspections
42. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Visual Inspection: UAV (Drone)
• Define areas of
interest
• Help reduce access
costs
• Not a replacement
for hands on up-
close inspections
53. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Detailed Inspection
• Some Investigative
Tools and Techniques
Employed
• Crack Monitors and
Gauges
• Probing and Sounding
• Borescope/Remote Camera
• Metal Detector
• Thermal Imaging Camera
• Moisture Meter
• Exploratory Openings
54. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Detailed Inspection
• Some Investigative
Tools and Techniques
Employed
• Crack Monitors and
Gauges
• Probing and Sounding
• Borescope/Remote Camera
• Metal Detector
• Thermal Imaging Camera
• Moisture Meter
• Exploratory Openings
64. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Reporting/CDs
• Qualify
• Summarize
• History of Building
• Findings
• Repair Recommendations
• Estimated Costs
• Provide Ample Pictures
• Unsafe Conditions
• Requires Repair
• Ordinary Maintenance
65. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Case Study: Bedford, MA
• Project Information
• Built in 1956
• Structural System
• Reinforced Concrete
• Façade System
• Non-Loading Bearing Brick
• Cavity Wall
72. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Case Study: Athens, GA
• Project Information
• Built in 1960
• Structural System
• Reinforced Concrete
• Façade System
• Limestone Panels
• Non-Load Bearing
• Cavity Type
80. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
A Few New Design Takeaways
•Interfaces Between
Disciplines
•Interfaces Between
Materials
•Material
Compatibility/Dissimil
ar Materials
•Durability of
Materials
81. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
AHA! Moments
• Don’t Forget to Look Down!
• When Is a Crack a Crack?
• Water Woes
• Don’t Be Afraid to Ask (But Do Your Homework
First)
• Garbage In, Garbage Out
• Relevant Design Experience + Hands On
Experience = Intuitiveness
• Put Yourself Out There
82. Practical Considerations for
Façade Inspections
Questions?
Evan Moore
Innovative Engineering
Inc.
3380 Trickum Road
Bldg. 500, Suite 100
Woodstock, Georgia 30188
emoore@ieiusa.com
770-517-5507 Ext. 203