Pest risk analysis (PRA) is a process that evaluates biological evidence to determine if an organism is a pest and should be regulated. It consists of three main steps: initiation, assessment, and management. The PRA process identifies pests, pathways, risks, and develops risk management measures to allow for safe trade. It is a key tool for exporting agricultural products by analyzing risks from pests and developing phytosanitary measures.

1. Pest risk analysis (PRA) is “the process of evaluating biological or other scientific
and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it
should be regulated, and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken
against it” (IPPC, 2012).
IDENTIFICATION OF PEST
PRACTICALLY
OVERALL PEST RISK
ALOP

3. The Pest Risk Analysis guidelines ISPM Nos. 2 and 11

4. PEST RISK ANALYSIS
 PEST RISK INITIATION
 PEST RISK ASSESSMENT
 PEST RISK MANAGEMENT
The pest risk analysis is seen as a key to export any farm
product to other countries.

5. To assess the risk posed by a pathway, precise identification is essential
EXAMPLES OF PATHWAYS
DEFINITION OF PATHWAY

6. SHIPPING CONTAINERS WOOD PACKING CUSTOMS WAREHOUSE
WIND
EXAMPLES OF OTHER PATHWAYS

7. A pest is defined as “any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic
agent, injurious to plants or plant products” [FAO 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC,
1997]
DEFINITION OF PEST

8. Performing a PRA for Thrips palmi, the possible pathways for the entry
of this pest could be
Cuttings of different ornamental plant species
Foliage and cut flowers
Clothing of international passengers
Tropical Food produce
EXAMPLE

9. The PRAArea: An area in relation to which a Pest Risk Analysis is
conducted [FAO, 1995]

10. CABI.2007- Crop Protection Compendium
EPPO.2005- Data Sheet on Quarantine Pests
PRA conducted by other NPPOs or RPPOs
INFORMATION GATHERING

11. If during the initiation of a PRA
by a pathway no pest associated
with that way is detected
No assessment is carried out,
this decision is reported
CONCLUSION

12. whether a pest has or has not the characteristics of a quarantine pest
Pest identity
Scientific name : Tuta absoluta
Family : Gelechidae
Order : lepidoptera
Class : Insecta
PEST RISK ASSESSMENT

13. Pest Presence or Absence in the PRA area
 in all parts of the area
 only in some areas (specify the
areas)except in specified pest free areas
(which should be identified)
 only in some areas where host crop (s)
are grown
 only in protected cultivation
 seasonally
PresentAbsent
Informnation Sources on Pest Status in an Area

14. PEST REGULATORY STATUS

15. Establishment is the perpetuation, for the foreseeable future, of a pest in an area after its
entry [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997; formerly Established].
POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND SPREAD

16. 8 ECOZONES
864 TERRESTRIAL ECOREGIONS

18. A potential harmful impact on plants, for
Example:
crops (e.g. loss of yield, or quality);
the environment, for example, damage to
ecosystems, habitats or species; or
some other specified value, e.g. recreation,
tourism, aesthetics.
POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC, ENIRONMENT AND SOCIAL CONSEQENCES

19. LEVEL OF RISK UN ACCEPTABLE

20. Conclusions of pest risk assessment
Risk acceptable?
Risk unacceptable? PRA continues
PEST RISK MANAGEMENT

22. Risk management measures
should be proportional to the
risk identified.

23. For market access for Indian table grapes in Australia, the Pest Risk
Analysis (PRA) reached an advanced stage for which Australia was
expected to issue the final notification.

24. APEDA made regular follow up with Ministry of Agriculture and USDAAPHIS
regarding the PRA for market access for Pomegranates to USA with Irradiation
as a mitigation measure. The export of pomegranates may commence from 2013
season.