Pest risk analysis (PRA) is a process that evaluates biological evidence to determine if an organism is a pest and should be regulated. It consists of three main steps: initiation, assessment, and management. The PRA process identifies pests, pathways, risks, and develops risk management measures to allow for safe trade. It is a key tool for exporting agricultural products by analyzing risks from pests and developing phytosanitary measures.
Disease management system that in the context of associated environment and population dynamics of microorganisms, utilizes all suitable techniques and methods in a manner as compatible as possible and maintains the disease below economic level”.
Title
Introduction
Objectives
Justification
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Disease management system that in the context of associated environment and population dynamics of microorganisms, utilizes all suitable techniques and methods in a manner as compatible as possible and maintains the disease below economic level”.
Title
Introduction
Objectives
Justification
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Importance of epidemics in mono and poly cyclic diseases caused by various plant pathogens and the mathematical models for studying the strategy of those epidemics
In a computer simulation of an epidemic, the computer is given data describing the various sub components of the epidemic and control practices at specific points in time (such as at weekly intervals).Computer simulation of epidemics is extremely useful as an educational exercise for students of plant pathology and also for farmers so that they can better understand and appreciate the effect of each epidemic sub component on the final size of their crop loss.Simulators serve as tools that can evaluate the importance of the size of each epidemic sub component at a particular point in time of the epidemic by projecting its effect on the final crop loss.Computer simulation are expert systems,that try to equal and suppress the logic and ability of an expert professional in solving problems.Systems are used in plant pathology frequently for diagnosis of plant diseases.Systems can advice growers in making decisions on disease management in respect of kind, amount and time of application of pesticides etc.Simulators can decompose disease progress so they are used now to develop forecaster.
Controlling the Root-knot Nematodes (RKNs) Hamid Abbasi Moghaddam*and Mohamma...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are ubiquitous parasites with an amazing capacity to interact with a very large variety of plant species. They are sedentary endoparasitic nematodes that depend on the induction of a permanent feeding site in living roots to complete their life cycle. RKNs interfere with the genetic programmes of their hosts to transform root vascular cells into giant cells (GCs) through the injection of nematode effectors from their oesophageal glands. Dramatic rearrangements in GCs cytoskeleton, alteration of cell cycle mechanisms, such as mitosis and endoreduplication, readjustment of enzymes involved in carbohydrate synthesis and degradation are among those processes modified in GCs. GCs act as sinks to provide nutrients for life cycle completion from J2 larvae to adult females. The female produces an egg offspring protected by a gelatinous matrix and the free-living stage, J2, hatch from these eggs, completing the nematode life cycle. The understanding of the processes subjacent to GC differentiation and maintenance, as well as a deeper knowledge of RKN mode of parasitism, will provide tools for new control methods of these devastating agricultural pests.
Pest risk analysis (PRA) is “the process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it should be regulated, and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it” (IPPC, 2012).
Importance of epidemics in mono and poly cyclic diseases caused by various plant pathogens and the mathematical models for studying the strategy of those epidemics
In a computer simulation of an epidemic, the computer is given data describing the various sub components of the epidemic and control practices at specific points in time (such as at weekly intervals).Computer simulation of epidemics is extremely useful as an educational exercise for students of plant pathology and also for farmers so that they can better understand and appreciate the effect of each epidemic sub component on the final size of their crop loss.Simulators serve as tools that can evaluate the importance of the size of each epidemic sub component at a particular point in time of the epidemic by projecting its effect on the final crop loss.Computer simulation are expert systems,that try to equal and suppress the logic and ability of an expert professional in solving problems.Systems are used in plant pathology frequently for diagnosis of plant diseases.Systems can advice growers in making decisions on disease management in respect of kind, amount and time of application of pesticides etc.Simulators can decompose disease progress so they are used now to develop forecaster.
Controlling the Root-knot Nematodes (RKNs) Hamid Abbasi Moghaddam*and Mohamma...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are ubiquitous parasites with an amazing capacity to interact with a very large variety of plant species. They are sedentary endoparasitic nematodes that depend on the induction of a permanent feeding site in living roots to complete their life cycle. RKNs interfere with the genetic programmes of their hosts to transform root vascular cells into giant cells (GCs) through the injection of nematode effectors from their oesophageal glands. Dramatic rearrangements in GCs cytoskeleton, alteration of cell cycle mechanisms, such as mitosis and endoreduplication, readjustment of enzymes involved in carbohydrate synthesis and degradation are among those processes modified in GCs. GCs act as sinks to provide nutrients for life cycle completion from J2 larvae to adult females. The female produces an egg offspring protected by a gelatinous matrix and the free-living stage, J2, hatch from these eggs, completing the nematode life cycle. The understanding of the processes subjacent to GC differentiation and maintenance, as well as a deeper knowledge of RKN mode of parasitism, will provide tools for new control methods of these devastating agricultural pests.
Pest risk analysis (PRA) is “the process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it should be regulated, and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it” (IPPC, 2012).
This seminar exactly fits the present-day situation, where present situations pose a great threat to human life and food security, animal security, the topic covers all the sectors and related organizations involved in the protection of biosecurity . example and strategic planning and predictive measures
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Pra
1. Pest risk analysis (PRA) is “the process of evaluating biological or other scientific
and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it
should be regulated, and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken
against it” (IPPC, 2012).
IDENTIFICATION OF PEST
PRACTICALLY
OVERALL PEST RISK
ALOP
4. PEST RISK ANALYSIS
PEST RISK INITIATION
PEST RISK ASSESSMENT
PEST RISK MANAGEMENT
The pest risk analysis is seen as a key to export any farm
product to other countries.
5. To assess the risk posed by a pathway, precise identification is essential
EXAMPLES OF PATHWAYS
DEFINITION OF PATHWAY
7. A pest is defined as “any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic
agent, injurious to plants or plant products” [FAO 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC,
1997]
DEFINITION OF PEST
8. Performing a PRA for Thrips palmi, the possible pathways for the entry
of this pest could be
Cuttings of different ornamental plant species
Foliage and cut flowers
Clothing of international passengers
Tropical Food produce
EXAMPLE
9. The PRAArea: An area in relation to which a Pest Risk Analysis is
conducted [FAO, 1995]
10. CABI.2007- Crop Protection Compendium
EPPO.2005- Data Sheet on Quarantine Pests
PRA conducted by other NPPOs or RPPOs
INFORMATION GATHERING
11. If during the initiation of a PRA
by a pathway no pest associated
with that way is detected
No assessment is carried out,
this decision is reported
CONCLUSION
12. whether a pest has or has not the characteristics of a quarantine pest
Pest identity
Scientific name : Tuta absoluta
Family : Gelechidae
Order : lepidoptera
Class : Insecta
PEST RISK ASSESSMENT
13. Pest Presence or Absence in the PRA area
in all parts of the area
only in some areas (specify the
areas)except in specified pest free areas
(which should be identified)
only in some areas where host crop (s)
are grown
only in protected cultivation
seasonally
PresentAbsent
Informnation Sources on Pest Status in an Area
15. Establishment is the perpetuation, for the foreseeable future, of a pest in an area after its
entry [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997; formerly Established].
POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND SPREAD
18. A potential harmful impact on plants, for
Example:
crops (e.g. loss of yield, or quality);
the environment, for example, damage to
ecosystems, habitats or species; or
some other specified value, e.g. recreation,
tourism, aesthetics.
POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC, ENIRONMENT AND SOCIAL CONSEQENCES
23. For market access for Indian table grapes in Australia, the Pest Risk
Analysis (PRA) reached an advanced stage for which Australia was
expected to issue the final notification.
24. APEDA made regular follow up with Ministry of Agriculture and USDAAPHIS
regarding the PRA for market access for Pomegranates to USA with Irradiation
as a mitigation measure. The export of pomegranates may commence from 2013
season.
