Star-delta starters are commonly used to start 3-phase induction motors. They connect the motor in star configuration during starting for reduced voltage and current, then switch to delta configuration once the motor reaches operating speed. The starter uses contactors to switch between the star and delta configurations automatically. Star-delta starters are suitable for starting motors that are not heavily loaded during start up, as they provide lower starting torque than direct-on-line starting.
A motor starter is a device designed to:
Start a motor
Accelerate the motor rated speed in the shortest time
Provide protection from overload conditions
A motor starter is therefore a switch with an overload relay.
A motor controller is a device designed to control the operation of a motor. As such it can be
used to control things such as:
Control when the motor starts and stops
How long it runs for
How often the motor run in a given period
Direction of rotation
star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
A motor starter is a device designed to:
Start a motor
Accelerate the motor rated speed in the shortest time
Provide protection from overload conditions
A motor starter is therefore a switch with an overload relay.
A motor controller is a device designed to control the operation of a motor. As such it can be
used to control things such as:
Control when the motor starts and stops
How long it runs for
How often the motor run in a given period
Direction of rotation
star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
Types of Relay - Which One Should You UseWagoIndia
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed which is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load very fastly.
The concept of electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
The steadily increasing population has more demand and consumption of electric energy in the market as raised and that of equipment’s used like electrical and electronics are also costlier
So to protect the electrical system from overload or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by ultrafast acting electronic circuit breaker
The electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element proportional to the load current, typically a low -value resistor.
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
Types of Relay - Which One Should You UseWagoIndia
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
Looking for a reliable and easy-to-use relay module? Click here to explore range of WAGO relay and optocoupler modules for your application. Visit us at https://www.wago.com/in/interface-electronic/discover-relays-optocouplers
Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed which is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load very fastly.
The concept of electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
The steadily increasing population has more demand and consumption of electric energy in the market as raised and that of equipment’s used like electrical and electronics are also costlier
So to protect the electrical system from overload or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by ultrafast acting electronic circuit breaker
The electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element proportional to the load current, typically a low -value resistor.
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. STAR DELTA
A star delta starter is the most commonly used
method for the starting of a 3 phase induction
motor. In star delta starting an induction motor is
connected in through a star connection throughout
the starting period. Then once the motor reaches
the required speed, the motor is connected in
through a delta connection.
Presentation title 2
3. Fully automatic Star delta starter working
principle
There are many different starting methods are used to start a three-phase
induction motor like Star delta starter. One of them, popular and cheapest
is aDirectonlinestarter. But its use limited for smaller HP motor, to start
higher rating 3 phase motors star-delta starter is used. wye-delta starter is
useful where all six terminals of themotorare accessible. In this article, we
will discuss star delta starter working principle with help of power and
control diagram.
Presentation title 3
4. Star-Delta starter is the simplest starting method for reducing the inrush starting current of the Induction motor. The starter can be used with all squirrel-cage induction motors that are
delta-connected for normal operation.
The reduction of the high motor current causes a reduction of the starting torque of the motor. Star-delta starting is therefore especially suitable for drives that are not loaded until after
starting. The starting time is longer than with direct starting, which is especially apparent when driving larger inertial masses. To start a large motor, we need a reduced voltage
starter,to limit starting current. Star delta starter is a reduced voltage starter that applies 1/√3 voltages during the starting time
6. Application of Star Delta
Starter
Presentation title 6
• The star-delta method is usually only applied to low to medium voltage and lightstarting
torque motors.
• The received starting current is about 30 % of the starting current during direct on linestart and
the starting torque is reduced to about 25 % of the torque available at a
• D.O.L start.
• This starting method only works when the application is light loaded during the start.
• If the motor is too heavily loaded, there will not be enough torque to accelerate themotor up to
speed before switching over to the delta position
8. Contactor Components
Presentation title 8
1. Coil or Electromagnet: This is the most crucial component of a contactor. The driving force that is required to close the contacts is
provided by the coil or electromagnet of the contactor. The coil or electromagnet and contacts are protected by an enclosure.
2. Enclosure: Just like the enclosures used in any other application, contactors also feature an enclosure, which provides insulation
and protection from personnel touching the contacts. The protective enclosure is made from different materials, such as
polycarbonate, polyester,Nylon 6, Bakelite, thermosetting plastics, and others. Generally, the open-frame contactor features an
additional enclosure, which protects the device from bad weather, hazards of explosion, dust, and oil.
3. Contacts: This is yet another important component of this electrical device. The current carrying task of
the contactor is done by the contacts. There are different types of contacts in a contactor namely, contact
springs, auxiliary contacts, and power contacts. Each type of contact has an individual role to play.
9. How the Contactor Operates
Presentation title 9
• Operating Principle of a Contactor:
•The current passing through the contactor excites the electromagnet. The excited
electromagnet produces a magnetic field, causing the contactor core to move the armature. A
normally closed (NC) contact completes the circuit between the fixed contacts and the
moving contacts. This permits the current to pass through these contacts to the load. When
current is removed, the coil is de-energized and opens the circuit. The contacts of the
contactors are known for their rapid open and close action.
10. Contactor Block
The LADN22 is an auxiliary contact block for use with TeSys D and F
series contactors.
• 2NO + 2NC contact configuration
• Rated operational voltage of 690VAC
• Minimum switching current of 5mA at 17V
• Screw clamp terminals
• Compliance to UL and CSA standards
Instantaneous auxiliary contacts operation
APPLICATIONS:-
• Industrial, Power Management,
Automation & Process Control,
Consumer Electronics
Presentation title 10
11. Terminal Blocks
Terminal Blocks are in stock with same-day shipping at Mouser Electronics from
industryleading manufacturers. Mouser is an authorized distributor for many terminal
block manufacturers including Amphenol, Cinch, Eaton, FCI, Molex, Phoenix Contact, TE
Connectivity, Wurth, & more.
A terminal block (terminal strip) is a modular, insulated block which connects one or more
circuits to another. The connections are typically made by a screw or clamp lowering onto a
bare wire in order to complete the connection. Due to this type of connection, terminal
blocksare extremely easy to use and are available in a variety of types across multiple
applications. The most common types are barrier, pluggable, fixed, & DIN rail mount.
Presentation title 11
12. MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
As we all know that, all fuses need to be replaced with them for safety and control
purposes. MCBs are electromechanical devices which are used to protect an electrical circuit
from an overcurrent. It can be reclosed without any hand-operated restoration. MCB is
usedas an option to the fuse switch in most of the circuits. Unlike a fuse, MCB does not have
to be replaced every time after a failure as it can be reused.
Another huge advantage of MCBs is that the detection of a problem is easy. Whenever
thereis a fault in the circuit, the switch comes down automatically and we are hereby
informed that there was a fault. We can then manually go and put the MCB back up and the
electricity will start flowing again.
13. A safety device that protects electrical circuits from the
effects of excessive currents. A fuse commonly consists
of a current-conducting strip or wire of easily fusible
metal that melts,and thus interrupts the circuit of which
it is a part, whenever that circuit is made to carry a
current larger than that for which it is intended. The
screw-plug fuse was once commonlyused in domestic
electrical systems. It contains a short bit of wire (the
fusible element) enclosed in a fireproof container that
has a screw-threaded base; the wire is connected to
metal terminals at both the screw base and at the side,
and the whole is covered with a transparent glass or
mica window for seeing whether the fuse has melted.
The cartridge fuse,a type of fuse widely used in industry
where high currents are involved, has a fusible element
connected between metal terminals at either end of a
cylindrical insulating tube.
Presentation title 13
GLAS
S
FUSE
The photographic view of glass fuse.
14. TIMER
• Time delay relays are simply control relays with a time delay built in. Their purpose is to control an event
based on time. The difference between relays and time delay relays is when the output contacts open & close:
on a control relay, it happens when voltage is applied and removed from the coil; on time delay relays, the
contacts can open or close before or after some time delay.
• Typically, time delay relays are initiated or triggered by one of two methods:
• application of input voltage
• opening or closing of a trigger signal
Presentation title 14
15. The photographic view of timer.
These trigger signals can be one of two designs:
• a control switch (dry contact), i.e., limit switch, push button, float switch, etc.
• voltage (commonly known as a power trigger
To help understand, some definitions are important:
• Input Voltage-control voltage applied to the input terminals. Depending on the function, input
voltage will either initiate the unit or make it ready to initiate when a trigger is applied.
• Trigger Signal-on certain timing functions, a trigger is used to initiate the unit after input voltage
has been applied. As noted above, this trigger can either be a control switch (dry contact switch)
or a power trigger (voltage).
• Output (Load)-every time delay relay has an output (either mechanical relay or solid state) that
will open & close to control the load. Note that the user must provide the voltage to power the
load being switched by the output contacts of the time delay relay.
Presentation title
16. 2CO
RELAY
DPDT stands for the double-pole double-throw
relay which is an electromagnetic device used to
separate two circuits electrically and connect them
magnetically. They are often used to interface an
electronic circuit, which works at a low voltage to
an electrical circuit which works at a high voltage.
The photographic view of 2CO relay.
17. 4CO
RELAY
4CO Relay generally called 14pin relay. This type
relay having 4 position change contacts generally
called NO, points. In this relay coil voltage is 230V
AC and 30v DC. It having 4 common points
change their position from the initial stage.
Contacts rating depends on the demand by user
The photographic view of 4CO relay.
18. PUSH BUTTON
Push Buttons(Type:Illumination push-button)
Push buttons open and close contacts by force applied by the finger to
the operating component in the vertical axis direction. Push buttons
consist of the operational component that transfers external force to the
switch, the switching component that opens and closes the electrical
circuit, the mounting component that grounds the switch and fixes it
to the panel, the light source that indicates operational status, and the
casing that protects the interior
components. LED illuminated push buttons come with the LED light
source that is built into the operational part and cannot be taken out; push
buttons with incandescent lamp illumination have independent
operational parts and light source that can be separated. Nonilluminated
types do not come with a light source. Button light colours include
green, red, orange, etc. Switch function styles include momentary,
where the pressed button returns to the initial position once it is released,
alternate action, where the first push maintains the operational position,
which is then disengaged with a second push, etc.
Presentation title The photographic view of push button.