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Senyawa-senyawa Turunan Asam Karboksilat
PERTEMUAN 13
Harizal, S.Pd., M.Sc
Program Studi Farmasi
Universitas Esa Unggul
KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
• Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan tatanama, sifat fisik, sifat
kimia, sintesis, dan reaksi senyawa-senyawa asam karboksilat
dan turunannya
Turunan Asam Karboksilat
Klorida asam
Asam anhidrida
Ester
Amida
Nitril
Substitusi Nukleofilik
Sifat Fisik Senyawa Turunan Asam Karboksilat
Reaktivitas Turunan Asam Karboksilat
Reaksi Konversi Gugus Fungsu Turunan Asam Karboksilat
Substitusi Nukleofilik
Tatanama IUPAC
(menggunakan template asam karboksilat)
O
Cl O
O O
O
OCH3
O
NH2
CN
pentanoyl chloride pentanoic anhydride
methyl pentanoate pentanamide
pentanenitrile
drop "ic acid" add "yl chloride" drop "acid" add "anhydride"
"alkyl" _ drop "ic acid" add "ate" drop "oic acid" add "amide"
drop "ic acid" add "e_nitrile"
Klorida Asam
CCl
O
OCH3
o-methoxybenzoyl chloride
O
Cl
(E) 2-octenoyl chloride
CH2CCl
O
CH3O
(p-methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride
Asam Anhidrida
O
O O
butanoic anhydride
butyric anhydride
C
O
C
O O
CH3
acetic benzoic anhydride
O O
O
succinnic anhydride
OH
O
O
HO
succinnic acid
Ester
COCH2CH2CH3
O
O
O
(Z) cyclopentyl 2-butenoate
propyl benzoate
COCH2CH(CH3)2
O
isobutyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
CH2COCH2CH3
O
ethyl phenylacetate
Amida
CH3
CNH2
O
meta methylbenzamide
O
H2N
2-ethyl-3-methylpentanamide
-ethyl--methylvaleramide
CN(CH3)2
O
N,N-dimethylcyclopentanecarboxamide
HCN
O
H
N-benzylformamide
Lacton (ester siklik)
OH
O
HO
-hydroxyvaleric acid
O
O
-valerolactone
+ H2O
OH
O
OH
-hydroxyenanthic acid
O
O
-enantholactone
+ H2O
Asam γ-Hidroksibutirat
HO CO2H HO CO2 Na
or sodium -hydroxybutyrate
sodium 4-hydroxybutanoate
H3O
+
O
O
+ H2O
-butyrolactone
(GHB)
-hydroxybutyric acid
CNS depressant
as of 2000, Schedule I
controlled substance
If mixed with ROH, the depressant
effects are enhanced
Semua turunan asam karboksilat dapat dihidrolisis
menghasilkan asam karboksilat
O O
OCH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHO
diisopropyl pimelate
Hydrolysis
H3O
+
or
in base
O O
OH
HO
+ 2 (CH3)2CHOH
Tuliskan tiga produk dari hidrolisis senyawa berikut?
O
O
C
O
N(CH2CH3)2
Two hydrolyzable groups
H3O
+
products are carboxylic acid(s)
+ conjugate acid of the LGs
Produk Hidrolisis
O
O
C
O
N(CH2CH3)2
H3O
+ OH
CO2H
+ HN(CH2CH3)2
+
HO
O
Hidrolisis of klorida asam
Pembuatan klorida asam
COH
O
CCl
O
+ SO2
+ HCl
SOCl2
in N
O
OH SOCl2, pyridine CCl
O
C OH
O
+ HCl
+ SO2
S
O
Cl
Cl
C OH
O
S
O
Cl
Cl
C OH
O
S
O
Cl
C
O
O
S
O
Cl
Cl
pyr:
C O
O
S
O
Cl
Cl
Substitusi Nukleofilik
LG
O
+ Nu LG
O
Nu
O
Nu
+ LG
LG = Cl , OCCH3 , OCH3 , NH2
O
best worst
Pembuatan asam anhidrida menggunakan klorida asam dilakukan
tanpa menggunakan katalis
Cl
O
HO
O
O
O O H
Cl
O
O O H
Cl
O
O O + HCl
addition
elimination
deprotonation
Sintesis ester dari klorida asam
Sintesis amida dari klorida asam
Amida dari anhidrida
Esterifikasi
Mekanisme esterifikasi menunjukkan bahwa atom O pada
gugus ester berasal dari alkohol
C
O
OH
+ CH3OH
H
+
(cat.)
C
O
OCH3
+ HOH
+ HOH
C
O
OCH3
&
C
OH
O
most basic
oxygen
H
C
O
OH
H
+ CH3OH
H
+
(cat.)
C
OH
OH
OCH3
H
C
OH
OH
OCH3
H
C
OH
O
OCH3
H
H
proton
transfer
intermolecular
C
O
OCH3
+ HOH
H2O
or CH3OH
Sintesis metil ester menggunakan
diazometana
Diazometana sebagai karbon basa
COH
O
CH2N2, ether COCH3
O
C N N
H
H H
H
N N
C
Mekanisme
Senyawa Aroma
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
apple
pear
banana
"juicy fruit"
rum
COCH3
O
NH2
COCH3
O
OH
O
O
O
O
orange
honey
wintergreen
grape
peach
Esterifikasi intramolekular
HO
O
OH
H3O
+
O
O
+ H2O
HO
O
OH
H3O
+
O
O
+ H2O
HO
O
OH
H
HO
O
OH
H
O H
OH
HO
O
OH
HO
H
O
O
H
H2O
H
+
trans.
Pembentukan Laktam (amida siklis)
-Laktam sebagai antibiotik
Reaksi terkatalisis asam
O
OCH2C6H5
H3O
+
NH3, H
+
(pH 4)
methanolysis
CH3OH, H
+
aminolysis
hydrolysis
+ C6H5CH2OH
COH
O
CNH2
O
COCH3
O
Transesterifikasi
OCH2C6H5
O
OCH3
O
CH3OH, H
+
+ C6H5CH2OH
OCH2C6H5
O
OCH3
O
CH3OH, H
+
+ C6H5CH2OH
H
+
O
OCH2C6H5
H
HOCH3
OH
OCH3
OCH2C6H5
H
OH
OCH3
OCH2C6H5
H
H
+
trans.
OCH3
O H
CH3OH
Sintesis Aspirin
CO2H
OH
CH3COCCH3
O O
H2SO4 (aq)
OCCH3
CO2H O
+ CH3CO2H
CH3COCCH3
O
H
O
CO2H
OH CH3COCCH3
O O
H2SO4 (aq)
OCCH3
CO2H O
+ CH3CO2H
H
+
CO2H
OCOCCH3
OH
CH3
H
O CO2H
OC
CH3
O
H
OCCH3
H
O
+ CH3CO2H
OCCH3
CO2H O
H
H
+
transf.
OH2
Hidrolisis terkatalis asam
Hidrolisis amida terkatalis basa
Mekanisme
+ HN(CH2CH3)2
CN(CH2CH3)2
O
NaOH, H2O
OH
C
O
OH
N(CH2CH3)2
C
O
OH
+ N(CH2CH3)2
C
O
O Na
H
+
acid
carb.
CO2H
CCl
O
COCCH3
O O
COCH3
O
CNH2
O
1) LiAlH 4
2) H3O
+
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2NH2
+ HCl
+ CH3CH2OH
+ H2O
+ CH3OH
LiAlH4 Reductions
Reduksi ester dengan LiAlH4
DIBAL-H
Diisobutil Aluminum Hidrida
Reduction of an Ester to an Aldehyde
COCH2CH3
O
1) DIBAH
in toluene
CH
O
+ CH3CH2OH
Al
H
CH2CH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CHCH2
DIBAH
2) H3O
+
Sekian

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PPT-UEU-Kimia-Organik-Farmasi-Pertemuan-13.ppt