🛑 *MIDSEM SGT IMP* 🛑 ✅ *UNIT - 1 : ( 3 Marks Each Que.)* 1️⃣ Comparison Between Traditional (Conventional) Grid & Smart Grid. 2️⃣ Short Note On Smart Grid. 3️⃣ Short Note on Smart Metering. 4️⃣ Challanges in Smart Grid Technology. 5️⃣ Smart Substation / Substation Automation ✅ *UNIT - 2 : ( 8 Marks Each Que.)* 1️⃣ Smart Grid Architecture & Components. ✅ *UNIT - 3 : (MCQ ; 1 Marks)*

1. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 1

2. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 2
Total Installed capacity of India

3. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 3
Importance of Non conventional Energy
sources
• Most of the conventional sources are finite in nature and soon be
vanished
• Conventional sources alone may not be sufficient in the long run
to meet the growing demand
• Conventional sources create pollution
• Large hydro resources affect wild life, cause deforectation and
various other social problems

4. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 4
Salient features of Non conventional
sources
• Available free of cost
• Produce very low and little pollution
• Inexhuastible
• Low gestation period
• Cost of harnessing
• Storage
• Uncertainity of availability

5. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 5
Principle of renewable energy

6. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 6
Renewable energy Economics
• Cost comparisons between different energy sources are made by calculating the levelized cost of
energy (LCOE). Levelized costs represent the present value of building and operating a plant over an
assumed lifetime, expressed in real terms to remove the effect of inflation
• The reason that gasoline and other current fossil fuel sources are so widely used is that they have
large amounts of conveniently concentrated energy, readily available to perform useful work.
• Net energy is normally expressed a ratio of the energy available for final consumption divided by the
energy required to produce it

7. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 7
• By their nature, most renewable energy supplies cannot be matched to demand as easily as fossil fuels
• Most renewable energy sources have low capacity factors and are less consistent than fossil fuels, which
increases cost.
• Energy diversity is one approach to intermittency. For example, solar energy is strongest in the summer,
while in most places wind energy is strongest in the winter
• It also is possible to store electricity. For example, remote solar houses can store electricity in batteries
• On a grid scale, electricity storage is more frequently accomplished with pumped water storage. When
excess electricity is available from the grid, water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir.
• Energy source redundancy means building excess generation capacity
• In combination with excess capacity, a robust national (and possibly international) electric grid is another
approach to intermittency
• Finally, the marginal cost of renewable energy will clearly vary substantially depending on ambient
conditions that means Variable electricity pricing implemented with smart electric meters could charge
consumers a higher price for electricity at times when the renewable electricity supply was limited

8. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 8
• Compared to fossil fuels, most renewable energy sources require large capital investments. Renewable solar
and wind energy sources have low operating costs—once generating facilities are built, there is little
additional cost for producing energy each year

9. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 9
Demand side management
• DSM refers to initiatives and technologies that encourage consumers to optimise their energy
use.
• The benefits from DSM are potentially two-fold; first, consumers can reduce their electricity
reduce their electricity bills by adjusting the timing and amount of electricity use. Second, the
electricity use. Second, the energy system can benefit from the shifting of energy consumption
shifting of energy consumption from peak to non-peak hours
• Based on a study by Professor Frank A. Wolak, Director of the Program on Energy and
on Energy and Sustainable Development in Stanford University, every MW reduction of peak
MW reduction of peak demand in Singapore translates to a system-wide savings of about $1.6
savings of about $1.6 million.

10. Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute
of Technology, Dhule
Department of Electrical 10