[ PPT ] SIMPLIFIED SECURED WIRELESS RAILWAY / AIRWAY FOR RESERVATION

1. Under the guidance of
Mr. D. SRIKANTH
Assistant Professor, ECE
By
P. NAYAN LALIT (107R1A0441)
D. RAKESH KUMAR (107R1A0412)
K. SNEHA (107R1A0420)

2. • Objective
• Introduction
• Previous System Used
• Proposed System
• Block diagram
• Hardware requirements
• Flow chart
• Working of the kit
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Conclusion and future scope

3. • The main objective To build a security system in the stage of ticket booking for public
transport systems like Indian railways by introducing a finger print scanner at the
time of booking the tickets.
• To decrease the bookings made by third parties for others to travel and ensure that
the people who travel have booked the ticket on their own.

4. • In the New era of technology all system has to be updated, Indian Railway is the 2nd
largest Rail Network in India and is the backbone of public and goods transport in
India.
• Bulk of long distance traffic is carried by the Indian Railway. We think to use
fingerprint module for the add-on for user flexibility using GSM module for
Communication purpose of sending and receiving message.

5. • Earlier all ticketing was through manually issued pre-printed card tickets or paper tickets.
• As the numbers of trains run and the passengers carried increased phenomenally over the
years, accounting for such a large number of tickets, posed a formidable challenge to the
Indian Railways.
• In 1985, computerized ticketing for reserved tickets was introduced in Delhi. This system,
known as the Passenger Reservation System (PRS), proved extremely successful.
• PRS has kept pace with emerging technologies and today you can buy a reserved ticket
through the internet and through mobile phones.

6. • The person who goes for reservation has Standalone module which contains Finger Print
Module verifies the person’s identity
• Using GSM before the journey message will be send to the user with information.
• At time of journey Ticket checker will verify fingerprint with previously stored data using
standalone module as a part of verification.
• By this more number of papers will be saved by that can help Railway in increasing their income
by saving cost of paper. No need to carry identity proof.
• Due to this complicated and bulky reservation in transport systems can be corrected

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9. • Controller (ARM7 LPC 2103).
• Power supply unit
• LCD
• Max 232 IC
• GSM
• Finger print module
• Keypad

10. • The LPC2101/2102/2103 microcontrollers are based on a 16-
bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation that
combines the microcontroller with 8 kB, 16 kB or 32 kB of
embedded high-speed flash memory.
• A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator
architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum
clock rate
• Due to their tiny size and low power consumption, the
LPC2101/2102/2103 are ideal for applications where
miniaturization is a key requirement.

13. • To display interactive messages we are using LCD Module. We examine an
intelligent LCD display of two lines,16 characters per line that is interfaced
to the controllers.
• The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one for commands
(RS=0) and the second for characters to be displayed (RS=1).
• It also contains a user-programmed RAM area (the character RAM) that can
be programmed to generate any desired character that can be formed
using a dot matrix.
• The most commonly used ALPHANUMERIC displays are 1x16 (Single Line &
16 characters), 2x16 (Double Line & 16 character per line) & 4x20 (four
lines & Twenty characters per line).

14. • The MAX232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable
for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
• The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS
signals.
• The diagram above shows the expected waveform from the UART when using the
common 8N1 format. 8N1 signifies 8 Data bits, No Parity and 1 Stop Bit.
• The RS-232 line, when idle is in the Mark State (Logic 1). A transmission starts with a
start bit which is (Logic 0). Then each bit is sent down the line, one at a time.
• The LSB (Least Significant Bit) is sent first.
• A Stop Bit (Logic 1) is then appended to the signal to make up the transmission.
RS-232 Voltage levels
 +3 to +25 volts to signify a
"Space“(Logic0)
 -3 to -25 volts for a "Mark“
(logic1).
 Any voltage in between these
regions (i.e. between +3 and -3
Volts) is undefined.

15. • Standard serial interfacing of microcontroller
(TTL) with PC or any RS232C Standard device ,
requires TTL to RS232 Level converter .
• A MAX232 is used for this purpose. It provides 2-
channel RS232C port and requires external 10uF
capacitors.
• The driver requires a single supply of +5V

16. • GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology
used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.
• GSM supports voice calls and data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 Kbit/s, together with the
transmission of SMS (Short Message Service).
• GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz and 850MHz
bands in the US. The 850MHz band is also used for GSM and 3G in Australia, Canada and
many South American countries.
• By having harmonised spectrum across most of the globe, GSM’s international roaming
capability allows users to access the same services when travelling abroad as at home.
This gives consumers seamless and same number connectivity in more than 218
countries.
• The GSM architecture is nothing but a network of computers. The system has to partition
available frequency and assign only that part of the frequency spectrum to any base trans
receiver station and also has to reuse the scarce frequency as often as possible

17. Multiple Access Method TDMA / FDMA
Uplink frequencies (MHz) 933-960 (basic GSM)
Downlink frequencies (MHz) 890-915 (basic GSM)
Duplexing FDD
Channel spacing, kHz 200
Modulation GMSK
Portable TX power, maximum / average (mW) 1000 / 125
Power control, handset and BSS Yes
Speech coding and rate (kbps) RPE-LTP / 13
Speech Channels per RF channel: 8
Channel rate (kbps) 270.833
Channel coding Rate 1/2 convolutional
Frame duration (ms) 4.615

18. KY-M6 Fingerprint Sensor Module is able to conduct fingerprint image processing, template
generation, template matching, fingerprint searching, template storage, etc. KY-M6 proudly boasts
of following features:
1. Proprietary Intellectual Property
2. Wide Application Range of Fingerprints with Different Quality
3. Immense Improved Algorithm
4. Flexible Application
5. Easy to Use and Expand
6. Low Power Consumption
8. Application

19. Item Index Parameter Condition
1 Power supply 5V
2 Working current 170mA
3 Peak value current 200mA
4 Fingerprint input time < 250ms
5 1:1 matching time < 600ms
Matching features +
matching fingerprint
6 1:900 searching time < 2s
7 Fingerprint capacity 160 Can be extended
8
FAR
(False Acceptance Rate)
< 0. 001 %
9
FRR
(False Rejection Rate)
< 1.5 %
10 Fingerprint template size 512bytes
11 Outer interface UART/USB

20. • A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad" which usually
bear digits, symbols and usually a complete set of alphabetical letters. If
it mostly contains numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad.
• The keypad in our project will be used to enter the telephone number
of the passenger to which a message will be sent through a message .

21. INITIALIZING
ARM7,GSM, FINGER
PRINT MODULE
ENROLL
FINGER
PRINT
STORE FINGERPRINT
VERIFY
FINGER
PRINT
START RESERVATION PROCESS
SEND A MESSAGE TO PASSANGER VIA
GSM
STOP

23. • Advantages
1. Cant tamper with finger print
2. Reduce third party bookings
3. Reduce anti social activities in public transport systems.
4. Bring down the amount of paper i.e. eco friendly
• Disadvantages
1. Foreign particles on the finger print may cause a mismatch
2. Scanners can't recognize if the fingerprint is on a real finger or an artificial one, so it is possible to trick the scanner by using a gelatin print mold over a real
finger.

24. • Finger print modules can be used wherever there can be a chance of a third party
intervention such as bank transactions , house security systems ,etc

25. • Security issues in any public transport systems have to be tackled with efficient technology which will reduce the stress on
the working security of the system . So the finger print modules which are used in our project provide a way to reduce the
security threats in the system. Moreover in the modern era , we use efficient technologies which are also eco friendly and
our project reduces a huge amount of paper work at the reservation counters . Involvement of third party bookings can be
reduced by a huge extent .
• This system can be introduced in all public transport systems which facilitate long distance travelling . Finger print scanning
and biometric scanners can be used in the long run to increase the security of the passengers travelling and reduce
activities of anti social elements . This system can also reduce the paperwork and ensure that all third party bookings are
avoided.