An effective review and remedies system is crucial for enforcing public procurement legislation and correcting mistakes by contracting authorities. There are different models across EU states for establishing review bodies, with many using specialized administrative bodies. However, for a review body to have a judicial character it must be established by law, permanent, have compulsory jurisdiction, follow inter partes procedures, apply legal rules, and be independent. Independence means the body is separate from the government and parties to procurement, and that members are appointed, dismissed, and make decisions free from external influence. An independent review system is essential for impartial resolution of complaints.