The document presents a technical seminar on analyzing pedestrian behavior for proposing a skywalk and elevator system design for elderly and disabled pedestrians. It includes an introduction to the topic, a literature review summarizing several research papers on pedestrian behavior at intersections and mid-block crossings, identified gaps in existing research, the objectives and methodology of the present study, and a summary of the progress made so far. The literature review examines factors like crossing speeds, risks, traffic impacts, and conflicts at uncontrolled intersections and crossings based on studies using video data collection and analysis methods.

1. Technical Seminar Presentation on Literature Review on
“Analysis of Pedestrian Behavior for the Proposal of a Skywalk
& Design of Elevator System for Elderly & Differently-abled
Pedestrians”
Presented by
Chetan doddamani R21TK004
Guided by
Sreenatha M
Assistant Professor
School of Civil Engineering
REV
AUniversity, Bengaluru

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Summary of literature review
4. Research gaps
5. Objectives
6. Methodology
7. Progress till now….
1

3. INTRODUCTION
 Pedestrian Safety – Still a significant problem in India – due to mixed traffic condtitions
 Intersections – hazardous locations for pedestrians
 Increased vehicular traffic – decreased pedestrian safety – walking trips should be encouraged with
an assurance to their safety
 Need for understanding Pedestrian behavior through characteristics: age, gender, luggage, trip
purpose, environmental characteristics, vehicle characteristics and vehicular flow characteristics,
land use type.
 BSF has been considered for present study as it is one of the major Uncontrolled (unsignalized)
intersection around the locality.
 Present study focuses on the interactions of two-wheeler, auto rickshaw and cars with pedestrians
at uncontrolled intersection (unsignalized intersections)
 Checking out the factors which are influencing vehicles and pedestrian interactions.
2

4. Title of paper 1 “Comparative Study of Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour at Uncontrolled
Intersection and Midblock Locations”
Author and year of
publication
Lalam Govindaa et al, ScienceDirect -Transportation research
proceedia(WCTR), Elsevier (2020)
Research focus The present study compared the average pedestrian crossing speeds at different
pedestrian crossing locations in faster developing medium size cities (like
Warangal and Thiruvananthapuram) under mixed traffic conditions.
Method used In this study for collection of data -videography method used, and ANOVA
used for crossing speeds and the statistical results showed difference in
crossing speeds between intersection and midblock locations.
Research findings • The results of study will be useful to design the pedestrian facilities and to
provide guidelines for the both pedestrians and vehicles at pedestrian
crossings.
• And can be used to understand pedestrian risk with vehicular flow and for
pedestrian-vehicle interaction analysis.
Conclusion This study will be useful for Pedestrian group size and luggage were not
included in this study.
Literature review
5

5. Title of paper 2 Pedestrian risk analysis at uncontrolled midblock and unsignalized
intersections
Author and year of
publication
Kodavanti Venkata Raghavendra Ravishankar, Parvathy Maheswari Nair
journalof traffic and transportationengineering,Elsevier (2018)
Research focus  The present study examines the safety of pedestrian crossing behaviour at
midblock and unsignalized intersection crossings.
 Crossing time, speed, stages of crossing, number of interruptions while
crossing, and the type of vehicles for which pedestrians accept the gap
were extracted from the video.
Method used  The data collection methods used for the study are videographic survey
and questionnaire survey.
 To mathematically analyze whether the pedestrian demographic factors
(such as age and gender), social factors (such as crossing in a group), and
vehicle factors (such as type of vehicles for which pedestrians tend to
cross) are considered and used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Research findings A comparison from the results of odds ratio (OR) statistics and the
questionnaire survey on rolling behaviour is depicted.
Conclusion The result from the questionnaire survey, when compared with the statistical
analysis from video graphic survey, depicted that male pedestrians intend to
take risk more by accepting small gaps between the vehicles.
Cont.. 1
7

6. Title of paper 3 “Impact of vehicular traffic stream on pedestrian crossing behavior at an
uncontrolled mid-block section”
Author and year of
publication
Somya Agarwal, Durgesh Vikram, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary
Perspectives, Elsevier (2021)
Research focus Here, the author trying to identify by What extent vehicular traffic streams
affect TCT distribution of pedestrians crossing an uncontrolled mid‐block
section of an urban road.
Method used Video graphic method is used to find the vehicular traffic data such as speed,
density, and flow
Research findings  Reasonable traffic flow parameter that influences TCT distribution of
pedestrians crossing a road is identified
 It is understandable that pedestrians will perceive only a range of traffic
density in place of a particular density value
Conclusion This study is useful to those engineers and scientists who would like to
simulate crossing time of pedestrians at an uncontrolled mid‐block section of a
road with heterogeneous and non‐lane based vehicular traffic.
Cont.. 2
8

7. Title of paper 4 Evaluation of pedestrian safety in unsignalized T and X Intersections
through comparison of the frequency and severity of pedestrian conflicts
Author and year of
publication
Devika Santhosh et al, Case Studies on Transport Policy, Elsevier (2020)
Research focus  This paper aims to compare the safety of T and X intersections using the
Pedestrian Vehicle Conflicts Analysis (PVCA) method using data extracted
from the videographic survey.
 This paper also aims at the use of Vissim and Surrogate Safety Assessment
Models to suggest remedial measures.
Method used  Pedestrian volume and vehicle volume collected using videography method.
 Then the conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians were calculated using
manual and simulation-based methods.
Research findings  Results showed that the higher volume in ayarkunnam intersection
contributed to a higher number of conflicts.
 Results showed that restricting pedestrian crossing ways is an effective
method in ayarkunnam having total conflicts more than that of oravackal
intersection.
Conclusion Conflicts analysis by a combination of manual and simulation methods gave
more details on the causes and severity of conflicts.
Cont.. 3
4

8. RESEARCH GAPS
 Although the provided articles have studied various factors affecting pedestrian
behavior and crossing patterns, none of them specifically address the behavior of
elderly and differently-abled pedestrians.
 The research articles have primarily focused on uncontrolled intersections and mid-
block locations in large and medium-sized cities in India. Therefore, there is a need
to explore the pedestrian behavior and crossing patterns in different urban and
suburban environments, such as residential areas, commercial districts, and
tourist destinations, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of pedestrian
behavior.
 The articles have mainly focused on the behavior of male and female pedestrians,
and the effect of demographic and environmental factors on pedestrian behavior.
However, more research is needed to understand how the behavior of pedestrians
varies based on their cultural background, socioeconomic status, and other
demographic factors.
 Although the articles have discussed the pedestrian crossing speed, waiting time,
and safety margins, there is a lack of research on the impact of traffic density,
vehicle speeds, and other traffic-related factors on pedestrian behavior. Hence,
further research is needed to understand how traffic patterns and infrastructure
affect pedestrian behavior and the design of pedestrian facilities such as
skywalks and elevators.
8

9. RESEARCH GAPS
9
 None of the articles specifically address the design and usability of pedestrian
facilities such as skywalks and elevators for elderly and differently-abled
pedestrians. Therefore, there is a need to investigate how the design and functionality
of pedestrian facilities affect the behavior and experience of these pedestrians.
 Most of the studies have used direct observation and video graphic surveys to collect
data on pedestrian behavior. However, there is a need to explore the use of advanced
technologies such as sensors and machine learning algorithms to collect and analyze
pedestrian behavior data, which can provide more accurate and comprehensive insights
into pedestrian behavior.

10. OBJECTIVES
1. Analysis and comparison of average pedestrian crossing speeds at different
pedestrian crossing locations at selected study area.
2. Investigation of major factors affecting the pedestrian road crossing behaviour
under mixed traffic conditions (age, gender,
3. Analysis and interpretation of pedestrian movement factors through statistical
analysis methods.
11

11. METHODOLOGY
12

12. 1. Identification of study area
2. As per methodology we were continuing the project with different surveys which
are required for analysis
• Traffic Volume study
• Pedestrian count survey
• Pedestrian speed survey
PROGRESS TILL NOW….

13. STUDY AREA (BSF JUNCTION)
11
BSF STS
Road REVA University
Country Club
Bagaluru

14. TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDIES
Route 1
Date of conduction : 2/2/2023
From: BSF Training Road Towards: BSF Junction
TIME PCU
7.00 to 8.00 AM 125.1
8.00 to 9.00 AM 242.7
9.00 to 10.00 AM 216.7
10.00 to 11.00 AM 191.9
3.00 to 4.00 PM 187.9
4.00 to 5.00 PM 273.6
5.00 to 6.00 PM 191.2
6.00 to 7.00 PM 75.8

15. Route 2
Date of conduction : 2/2/2023
From: Bagaluru cross Towards: BSF Junction
Date Day TIME PCU/hr
7.00 to 8.00 AM 612.5
8.00 to 9.00 AM 1618.9
9.00 to 10.00 AM 1352.3
10.00 to 11.00 AM 679.4
3.00 to 4.00 PM 867.3
4.00 to 5.00 PM 1318
5.00 to 6.00 PM 774.6
6.00 to 7.00 PM 446.7
2/6/2023
MONDAY

16. Route 3
Date of conduction : 2/2/2023
From: country club road Towards: BSF Junction
Date Day TIME PCU/hr
7.00 to 8.00 AM
805
8.00 to 9.00 AM
830.6
9.00 to 10.00 AM
720
10.00 to 11.00 AM
691.2
3.00 to 4.00 PM771
4.00 to 5.00 PM
762.8
5.00 to 6.00 PM
698.6
6.00 to 7.00 PM631
2/2/2023
THURSDAY

17. Route 4
Date of conduction : 2/2/2023
From: Reva University Towards: BSF Junction
TIME PCU
7.00 to 8.00 AM 1235.8
8.00 to 9.00 AM 1664.5
9.00 to 10.00 AM 1095.6
10.00 to 11.00 AM 728.6
3.00 to 4.00 PM 1593.3
4.00 to 5.00 PM 1673.5
5.00 to 6.00 PM 1376
6.00 to 7.00 PM 977.5

18. 1. Govinda, L., Abhigna, D., Nair, P. M., & Shankar, K. R. (2020). Comparative study of pedestrian
crossing behaviour at uncontrolled intersection and midblock locations. Transportation research
procedia, 48, 698-706
2. Ravishankar, K. V. R., & Nair, P. M. (2018). Pedestrian risk analysis at uncontrolled midblock
and unsignalised intersections. Journal of traffic and transportation engineering (English
edition), 5(2), 137-147.
3. Agarwal, S., & Vikram, D. (2021). Impact of vehicular traffic stream on pedestrian crossing
behavior at an uncontrolled mid-block section. Transportation research interdisciplinary
perspectives, 9, 100298.
4. Santhosh, D., Bindhu, B. K., & Koshy, B. I. (2020). Evaluation of pedestrian safety in
unsignalized T and X–Intersections through comparison of the frequency and severity of
pedestrian conflicts. Case studies on transport policy, 8(4), 1352-1359.
REFERENCES