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This document discusses harmonic mitigating transformers (HMTs) and their use in reducing harmonic distortion in electrical systems. It begins with an introduction describing how increased use of electronic equipment has led to higher levels of harmonic distortion, which can negatively impact system reliability. It then provides details on common harmonic sources, the symptoms caused by harmonics, and how HMTs work to phase-shift and cancel harmonic currents. The document explains the construction, benefits, and appropriate markets for HMTs, concluding that they provide an effective and cost-efficient means of reducing harmonics and improving system reliability.
The document discusses magneto-optical current transformers (MOCTs). MOCTs use the Faraday effect to measure current non-invasively using light. They have two main parts: an optical sensor and electronic processing circuit. The optical sensor contains a polarizer, optical glass prism, and analyzer. Polarized light passes through the prism, whose rotation is proportional to the current induced magnetic field. This intensity-modulated light is converted to an electric signal. MOCTs offer advantages like isolation, wide bandwidth and no saturation, but also have disadvantages like temperature sensitivity and insufficient accuracy for power systems currently.
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This document discusses harmonic mitigating transformers (HMTs) and their use in reducing harmonic distortion in electrical systems. It begins with an introduction describing how increased use of electronic equipment has led to higher levels of harmonic distortion, which can negatively impact system reliability. It then provides details on common harmonic sources, the symptoms caused by harmonics, and how HMTs work to phase-shift and cancel harmonic currents. The document explains the construction, benefits, and appropriate markets for HMTs, concluding that they provide an effective and cost-efficient means of reducing harmonics and improving system reliability.
The document discusses magneto-optical current transformers (MOCTs). MOCTs use the Faraday effect to measure current non-invasively using light. They have two main parts: an optical sensor and electronic processing circuit. The optical sensor contains a polarizer, optical glass prism, and analyzer. Polarized light passes through the prism, whose rotation is proportional to the current induced magnetic field. This intensity-modulated light is converted to an electric signal. MOCTs offer advantages like isolation, wide bandwidth and no saturation, but also have disadvantages like temperature sensitivity and insufficient accuracy for power systems currently.
Transformer oil purification involves heating the oil, removing sludge and dissolved contaminants, and then dehydrating and degassing the oil under vacuum. Sludge is removed through filtration using either edge filters or cartridge filters, or through centrifuging. Dehydration and degassing occurs in a vacuum chamber, allowing the lower boiling point water and gases to be separated from the oil. Regular purification extends transformer life by improving insulation properties.
This document discusses magneto optical current transformers (MOCTs). MOCTs use the Faraday effect to measure current optically without breaking the current path. They have several advantages over conventional current transformers, such as providing insulation, withstanding high fault currents without saturation, and having no electromagnetic interference. A MOCT consists of a sensor head near the current carrying conductor that uses polarized light, a signal processing unit, and fiber optic cables connecting them. The sensor measures the rotation of the light's polarization due to the Faraday effect to determine current magnitude. MOCTs are well-suited for outdoor applications and provide more accurate current measurements than conventional transformers.
A lightning arrester is a device used on power systems above 1000V to protect equipment from lightning and switching surges. It contains billions of electronic switches called metal oxide varistor (MOV) grains that divert lightning strikes around sensitive equipment by rapidly switching to provide a conductive path to ground, thereby limiting the voltage and saving equipment from damage. It does not absorb or stop lightning but rather clamps and diverts the voltage surge produced to safely ground it.
The document describes a Magneto-Optic Current Transducer (MOCT) which uses the Faraday effect to measure electric current. It consists of an optical sensor head near the current carrying conductor, connected via fiber optic cables to a signal processing unit. The sensor rotates the polarization of light passing through it based on the current, which is detected and converted to an output signal. Key advantages over conventional transformers include simpler insulation, immunity to EMI, and wider frequency response.
Thermal Power Plant Boiler Efficiency ImprovementAnkur Gaikwad
Boiler is one of the central equipment used in power generation & chemical process industries. Consequently, improving boiler efficiency is instrumental in bringing down costs substantially with a few simple measures. Some of these measures are discussed in this presentation
HVDC transmission involves converting AC power to DC, transmitting it through DC lines, and converting it back to AC. It has technical advantages over AC like lower transmission losses and asynchronous operation. Economically, DC lines and cables are cheaper to build than AC, and losses during transmission are lower. HVDC is used in long distance bulk power transmission and for undersea power cables due to its advantages over high voltage AC for these applications. Major HVDC projects in India transmit power between different regions of the country.
HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications.
Optical Current Transformer is an alternative to the existing conventional current transformers, providing an advanced measurement solution for both metering and protection applications, based on a cutting-edge patented optical sensing technology.
HVDC transmission systems use direct current for the transmission of electrical power over long distances or undersea. They have advantages over AC transmission such as lower transmission losses over long distances and the ability to interconnect unsynchronized AC power systems. HVDC technology has evolved from early electromechanical systems using motor-generator sets to modern thyristor-based systems. HVDC is used for long distance bulk power transmission projects in India such as Rihand-Delhi and Chandrapur-Padghe.
GSM BASED PREPAID ENERGY METER BILLING VIA SMSSRINIVAS REDDY
The project is designed for reading electrical energy consumed in units and in rupees to display on an LCD screen to the user. This data is also provided to the electrical department using GSM technology for billing purposes. Owing to high electricity cost these days it becomes necessary for the consumer to know as to how much electricity is consumed to control electricity bill within his budget by recharging the energy meter units via S.M.S .
Finally when the energy meter coming to zero user can again recharge according to the purpose used. In this proposed system, the consumer will get his energy consumption data on real time basis on a LCD display. The same data is sent through GSM modem to the electricity department via SMS. A microcontroller of 8051 family is interfaced to the energy meter to get the Watt Hour pulses.
Further this project can be enhanced by to control the electrical appliances remotely via SMS. Also, the electricity department can send the monthly bill amount over SMS to the receiving unit for consumer information.
Electric traction involves using electric power for traction systems like railways and trams. It provides advantages over steam and diesel traction like higher power-to-weight ratio, regenerative braking, and lower emissions. Common voltages used include 1.5kV DC, 25kV AC. Traction motors are usually DC or induction types. Electrification requires overhead wires or third rails to transmit power. India uses mainly 25kV AC overhead systems like other large networks. Electric traction is more energy efficient and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
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