Presentation by Parth at CII National Conference on School Education.

1. Private Public Partnerships
CII National Conference on School Education
Parth J Shah
Centre for Civil Society
www.ccs.in

2. Four PPP Models
o Grant-in-aid system
o 25% Reservations under RTE
o State level PPPs: Pahal, Gyanodaya & Shikshak ka apna Vidyalya
o Punjab Education Foundation, Pakistan
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

3. A Large Scale PPP: Grant-in-aid
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in
A significant change occurred in the early 1960s where many states
followed the example of Kerala by tying the subsidy to teacher salaries
Strengths
• Easy to scale up because it applies to existing institutions
• Social inclusion as richer and poorer students co-exist
Challenges
• Lack of autonomy at the school level
• Lack of accountability: no assessment for renewal
• Inflexibility in teacher deployment, delays in appointment, delays
in disbursement of salaries
• Lack of monitoring, abuse of subsidy in some states

4. 25 % Reservation Model in RTE
Private schools receive reimbursements from government,
calculated on the basis of per-child expenditure in government
schools
Strengths
• Social inclusion gives choice to the children from the weaker
sections
• Low cost implementation model
Challenges
• There is lack of awareness among potential beneficiaries
• Mechanism for reimbursement to the private schools is vague
• Schools fear loss of autonomy and more government regulations
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

5. Pahal, Uttarakhand
o Children of 6-14 years / Never enrolled or drop-out for at least a
year/ No government school or EGS centre within 1km radius
o 4 districts of Dehradun, Nainital, Udham Singh Nagar and
Haridwar
o Rs 3000 per student/year
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

6. Rajasthan:
Gyanodaya, Shikshak ka Apna Vidyalaya
In rural and educationally weaker areas of the state half of
the students get government vouchers, the rest pay fees
o Gyanodaya: BOO (Build, Operate & Own) basis
o Shikshak ka Apna Vidyalya: Teachers adopt
government schools with very less enrolment or to
build new ones
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

7. Punjab Education Foundation
Punjab education
Foundation
Board
Foundation
Assisted
Schools (FAS)
Teaching in
Clusters
Education
Voucher
Scheme (EVS)
Continuous
Professional
Development
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

8. The Foundation Assisted Schools
2009: 1337 schools, 529,210 students
2013: 2200 schools and 1.1 millions students and are planning to go up
to 2.2 millions in the next five years
Main Selection Criteria:
o Tuition fee of less than Rs 350 per month
o Enrollment of at least 100 students
o Preference for girls schools
o Located in districts with the lowest literacy rates and the highest
number of children not attending school
Accountability Mechanism:
Two-thirds of its students must score at least 40% on the QAT
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

9. Education Voucher Scheme
2013: 400 schools with 150,000 students and
planning to reach to 200,000 in the next 5 years
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in

10. Lessons from PEF
Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in
Improvements of the quality of instruction:
Drop-out rate brought to zero
% students scoring more than 90% in the QATs:1% in 2006 to
over 17% in 2009
% students scoring under 40%: from 21% in 2006 to just over
4% in 2009
Promote choice and equity
Third party learning assessment for more accountability
Financial assistance given on a per-student basis
Multiple Synergistic PPPs managed by one agency

11. Ingredients of Successful PPP
o Pahal in Uttarakhand: Targeted solution to most marginalized students and
social integration can successfully be addressed
o Gyanodaya and Shikshaka Apna School in Rajasthan: Empower
motivated teachers and low cost expansion unreached areas
o Pakistan Education Foundation: A government autonomous body with
clear mandate to work with low fee private schools w favorable impact on
quality, accessibility and accountability (QAT assessment)
o Systemic reforms for Government Aided Schools and 25% reservation
should aim for the right balance between securing the necessary
autonomy for private partners while making them accountable to
provide better quality education
11Public Private Partnerships | www.ccs.in