This document provides an introduction and tutorial to using PowerShell. It begins by discussing PowerShell's purpose as a scripting language for "gluing" existing components together rather than for low-level programming. The tutorial then demonstrates basic PowerShell concepts like variables, arrays, input/output, conditions, iteration, and functions. It also introduces regular expressions and their special characters. The document is intended to get readers started with PowerShell's basic programming constructs.
The document provides an overview of shell scripting in Linux. It discusses that a shell script is a plain text file containing shell commands that can automate tasks. Some key points covered include:
- Shell scripts allow automation of repetitive tasks to save time.
- They provide features like variables, control flow, I/O facilities and more.
- Common shells are Bash, Bourne, and Korn shell, with Bash being the default Linux shell.
- Shell scripts can be used for tasks like customizing the environment, automating daily jobs, and more repetitive system tasks.
This document provides an overview of the PowerShell 101 course, which introduces PowerShell's key components and language features. The course covers what PowerShell is, its core components like cmdlets, objects, and the pipeline. It also explores PowerShell's scripting language, including variables, data types, arrays, and hash tables. The goal is to teach attendees enough about PowerShell to begin writing scripts and taking advantage of its capabilities for automating IT tasks.
Unix Shell Scripts supports conditional statements like if-else and case statements to perform different actions based on conditions. The document discusses the syntax and examples of if-else statements with if-fi, if-else-fi, and if-elif-else-fi blocks. It also covers the case-esac statement for multi-way branching based on a variable. Finally, it explains while, for, and until loops for repetitive execution of statements until a condition is met.
Présentation aux Geeks Anonymes Liège par Cyril Soldani, le 13 décembre 2017.
Page des Geeks Anonymes : https://www.recherche.uliege.be/cms/c_9463913/fr/geeks-anonymes
This document discusses shell programming in UNIX/Linux. It covers shell scripts, variables, operators, and logic structures used in shell programming. Shell scripts are text files that contain UNIX commands and do not need compilation. Common shells are Bourne, Bash, Korn and C shells. Variables, operators, and logic structures like if/else, for/while loops, and switch statements allow for programming logic and control flow in shell scripts.
This document provides an overview of Linux, shells, and shell scripts. It begins with a short history of Linux and how it originated from efforts to create an affordable UNIX-like operating system that could run on personal computers. It then defines what a shell is and describes common shell commands. The remainder of the document explains what shell scripts are, how to write them, and includes examples of common scripting elements like variables, conditionals, loops, arithmetic, and file operations.
This document provides an overview of shell programming and shell scripts. It discusses that shell scripts are text files containing Unix commands that will be executed in order. The #! line specifies the shell to use. Shell scripts are useful for automating tasks and avoiding repetition. Examples demonstrate basic shell script elements like variables, command output assignment, control flow statements like for loops and conditionals.
This document provides an overview of Linux Bash shell scripting. It covers topics such as writing basic scripts, variables, conditionals, loops, functions, arguments, and input/output redirection. Examples are given for many common scripting tasks like arithmetic operations, string manipulation, file operations, and comparing values. The document is intended to teach the basics of scripting in the Linux Bash shell.
The document provides an overview of shell scripting in Linux. It discusses that a shell script is a plain text file containing shell commands that can automate tasks. Some key points covered include:
- Shell scripts allow automation of repetitive tasks to save time.
- They provide features like variables, control flow, I/O facilities and more.
- Common shells are Bash, Bourne, and Korn shell, with Bash being the default Linux shell.
- Shell scripts can be used for tasks like customizing the environment, automating daily jobs, and more repetitive system tasks.
This document provides an overview of the PowerShell 101 course, which introduces PowerShell's key components and language features. The course covers what PowerShell is, its core components like cmdlets, objects, and the pipeline. It also explores PowerShell's scripting language, including variables, data types, arrays, and hash tables. The goal is to teach attendees enough about PowerShell to begin writing scripts and taking advantage of its capabilities for automating IT tasks.
Unix Shell Scripts supports conditional statements like if-else and case statements to perform different actions based on conditions. The document discusses the syntax and examples of if-else statements with if-fi, if-else-fi, and if-elif-else-fi blocks. It also covers the case-esac statement for multi-way branching based on a variable. Finally, it explains while, for, and until loops for repetitive execution of statements until a condition is met.
Présentation aux Geeks Anonymes Liège par Cyril Soldani, le 13 décembre 2017.
Page des Geeks Anonymes : https://www.recherche.uliege.be/cms/c_9463913/fr/geeks-anonymes
This document discusses shell programming in UNIX/Linux. It covers shell scripts, variables, operators, and logic structures used in shell programming. Shell scripts are text files that contain UNIX commands and do not need compilation. Common shells are Bourne, Bash, Korn and C shells. Variables, operators, and logic structures like if/else, for/while loops, and switch statements allow for programming logic and control flow in shell scripts.
This document provides an overview of Linux, shells, and shell scripts. It begins with a short history of Linux and how it originated from efforts to create an affordable UNIX-like operating system that could run on personal computers. It then defines what a shell is and describes common shell commands. The remainder of the document explains what shell scripts are, how to write them, and includes examples of common scripting elements like variables, conditionals, loops, arithmetic, and file operations.
This document provides an overview of shell programming and shell scripts. It discusses that shell scripts are text files containing Unix commands that will be executed in order. The #! line specifies the shell to use. Shell scripts are useful for automating tasks and avoiding repetition. Examples demonstrate basic shell script elements like variables, command output assignment, control flow statements like for loops and conditionals.
This document provides an overview of Linux Bash shell scripting. It covers topics such as writing basic scripts, variables, conditionals, loops, functions, arguments, and input/output redirection. Examples are given for many common scripting tasks like arithmetic operations, string manipulation, file operations, and comparing values. The document is intended to teach the basics of scripting in the Linux Bash shell.
The document discusses the Bash shell, which is the most popular shell in Linux. It is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from other shells like Korn and C shells. Bash can be used both interactively and for scripting purposes. The document provides examples of basic Bash scripts that use variables, command substitution, arithmetic evaluation, and conditional statements. It also discusses environmental variables and the read command.
Shell programming allows users to communicate with and run commands on a UNIX system through shell programs that interpret commands. There are several types of shells including Bourne shell, Bourne Again shell, C shell, and Korn shell. Shell scripts can be written to automate tasks using shell variables, control structures, and built-in commands. System scripts use shell programming for important system processes and services.
This document provides an introduction and overview of shell scripting in Linux. It discusses what a shell script is, when they should and should not be used, examples of common shell scripts, and an introduction to programming features commonly used in shell scripts such as variables, conditionals, loops, command line arguments, and more. Key points covered include that shell scripts allow automating command execution, are useful for repetitive tasks, and come with programming features to customize behavior.
This document provides an introduction to shell scripting using the bash shell. It covers key concepts such as shell variables, command substitution, quoting, aliases, and initializing files. The shell acts as both a command-line interface and programming language. It executes commands, supports scripting through variables and control structures, and reads initialization files on startup to customize the environment. Well-formed shell scripts allow combining and sequencing commands to perform automated tasks.
This document provides an overview of shell scripting in 3 paragraphs or less:
The document discusses Linux shell scripting, including that a shell is a user program that provides an environment for user interaction by reading commands from standard input and executing them. It mentions common shell types like BASH, CSH, and KSH, and that shell scripts allow storing sequences of commands in a file to execute them instead of entering each command individually. The document provides basic information on writing, executing, and using variables and input/output redirection in shell scripts.
The document provides an overview of Unix and shell scripting. It discusses the history and architecture of Unix operating systems. It then covers various Unix commands and utilities for file management, processes, communication, and system administration. Finally, it describes the basics of shell scripting including variables, conditional statements, loops, and here documents.
This document provides an overview of shell programming basics. It covers topics such as basic system commands like ls, cp, and rm; useful operations like wildcards and input/output redirection; shell variables; command substitution; decision making and loops; and other features like comments and head/tail utilities. The goal of the document is to introduce the reader to the core components of shell scripting.
The document is a tutorial on shell scripting that covers basic and advanced syntax. It includes an agenda that discusses topics like variables, branching, looping, command line arguments, and regular expressions. Functions, data redirection with pipes, reading input from users and files, and performing calculations are also outlined. The tutorial aims to provide an introduction to working with shell scripts, especially Korn shell scripts. It concludes by inviting questions and provides references for further reading.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX shell scripting basics. It discusses what a shell and shell script are, how to run commands and write simple shell scripts using bash. It covers basics like variables, conditionals, loops, pipes and redirection to process inputs, outputs and errors when running programs from shell scripts.
Shell scripting allows combining command sequences into simple scripts to reduce user effort. It involves writing commands for the shell to execute. Key aspects include variables, special variables, arrays, decision making with conditionals, loops, functions, regular expressions, file/user administration and IO redirection. Common tasks like system monitoring, logging and trapping signals can be automated through shell scripts.
BASH Guide Summary
The document summarizes key information about BASH (Bourne Again SHell):
1. BASH is a command interpreter or shell that provides a command line interface for Linux, Unix, and macOS systems. It acts as an interface between the user and the operating system.
2. BASH can be used interactively or in scripts. When used interactively, it displays a prompt and accepts commands one at a time. Scripts contain a sequence of commands that are executed automatically.
3. BASH handles parameters, variables, command substitution, redirection, piping, wildcards, and supports basic programming constructs like conditionals, loops, and functions. It also provides
- Variables are used to store and represent data in scripts and programs. There are system, environment, local, and user-defined variables.
- System variables are predefined by the shell and control aspects of shell behavior. Environment variables are available to child processes and programs while local variables are only available within the current shell session.
- User-defined variables are created and named by the user. They are defined using varName=value syntax and can be displayed using echo or printf commands.
This document provides an introduction to shell scripting using Bash. It outlines different shell types and their features. It then covers basic Bash scripting concepts like environment variables, file redirection, command substitution and parameters. The document demonstrates basic Bash commands like alias, if/then, loops, functions and find/awk/sed/xargs. It concludes with an overview of vi text editor commands for navigation, editing, splitting windows and setting options.
This document provides an overview of Linux shell scripting (Bash) basics. It discusses writing scripts using editors like vi or vim, setting permissions using chmod, executing scripts, variables, arithmetic operations, file manipulation commands, pipes, reading from files, command substitution, background processes, arrays, output redirection, and input redirection. Examples are provided for many common scripting tasks and commands.
This document discusses shell scripting for Oracle professionals. It begins with the author's background and credentials in database administration and shell scripting. It then covers topics to be discussed, including when to use scripts, scripting basics, connecting to Oracle from scripts, useful scripting techniques, troubleshooting, and examples of scripts. The document provides guidance on determining what tasks are good candidates for scripts, the basics of writing scripts, using variables and comments, and other programming elements needed to get started with shell scripting.
system management -shell programming by gaurav raikarGauravRaikar3
This document discusses shell programming and system administration. It provides an overview of shell scripts, their purpose, and common operations. It also describes the system architecture including hardware, kernel, shell, and utilities. It discusses using VMware and Fedora OS and the Python programming language. Finally, it lists several commands for file system management and viewing system information.
The document discusses improving the Dev Assistant project, an AI assistant tool, by reducing its use of PERL code and making it more accessible to non-expert Perl programmers. It encourages readers to contribute by forking the project's Github repository, making code changes, and submitting pull requests to help the project team modernize the codebase and provide a better first impression of the Perl language.
This study examined the impact of on-site wastewater treatment (septic) systems on water quality and quantity in urbanizing watersheds in metro Atlanta, GA. The results showed that septic system density above 100 units/km2 was correlated with higher levels of fecal indicator bacteria and nitrates in streams, especially in spring. A survey found residents were willing to pay to upgrade septic systems to improve water quality. The study concluded that septic systems increase total watershed water yield, especially during dry periods, and recommended education programs to increase awareness of septic system impacts.
The document discusses the Bash shell, which is the most popular shell in Linux. It is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from other shells like Korn and C shells. Bash can be used both interactively and for scripting purposes. The document provides examples of basic Bash scripts that use variables, command substitution, arithmetic evaluation, and conditional statements. It also discusses environmental variables and the read command.
Shell programming allows users to communicate with and run commands on a UNIX system through shell programs that interpret commands. There are several types of shells including Bourne shell, Bourne Again shell, C shell, and Korn shell. Shell scripts can be written to automate tasks using shell variables, control structures, and built-in commands. System scripts use shell programming for important system processes and services.
This document provides an introduction and overview of shell scripting in Linux. It discusses what a shell script is, when they should and should not be used, examples of common shell scripts, and an introduction to programming features commonly used in shell scripts such as variables, conditionals, loops, command line arguments, and more. Key points covered include that shell scripts allow automating command execution, are useful for repetitive tasks, and come with programming features to customize behavior.
This document provides an introduction to shell scripting using the bash shell. It covers key concepts such as shell variables, command substitution, quoting, aliases, and initializing files. The shell acts as both a command-line interface and programming language. It executes commands, supports scripting through variables and control structures, and reads initialization files on startup to customize the environment. Well-formed shell scripts allow combining and sequencing commands to perform automated tasks.
This document provides an overview of shell scripting in 3 paragraphs or less:
The document discusses Linux shell scripting, including that a shell is a user program that provides an environment for user interaction by reading commands from standard input and executing them. It mentions common shell types like BASH, CSH, and KSH, and that shell scripts allow storing sequences of commands in a file to execute them instead of entering each command individually. The document provides basic information on writing, executing, and using variables and input/output redirection in shell scripts.
The document provides an overview of Unix and shell scripting. It discusses the history and architecture of Unix operating systems. It then covers various Unix commands and utilities for file management, processes, communication, and system administration. Finally, it describes the basics of shell scripting including variables, conditional statements, loops, and here documents.
This document provides an overview of shell programming basics. It covers topics such as basic system commands like ls, cp, and rm; useful operations like wildcards and input/output redirection; shell variables; command substitution; decision making and loops; and other features like comments and head/tail utilities. The goal of the document is to introduce the reader to the core components of shell scripting.
The document is a tutorial on shell scripting that covers basic and advanced syntax. It includes an agenda that discusses topics like variables, branching, looping, command line arguments, and regular expressions. Functions, data redirection with pipes, reading input from users and files, and performing calculations are also outlined. The tutorial aims to provide an introduction to working with shell scripts, especially Korn shell scripts. It concludes by inviting questions and provides references for further reading.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX shell scripting basics. It discusses what a shell and shell script are, how to run commands and write simple shell scripts using bash. It covers basics like variables, conditionals, loops, pipes and redirection to process inputs, outputs and errors when running programs from shell scripts.
Shell scripting allows combining command sequences into simple scripts to reduce user effort. It involves writing commands for the shell to execute. Key aspects include variables, special variables, arrays, decision making with conditionals, loops, functions, regular expressions, file/user administration and IO redirection. Common tasks like system monitoring, logging and trapping signals can be automated through shell scripts.
BASH Guide Summary
The document summarizes key information about BASH (Bourne Again SHell):
1. BASH is a command interpreter or shell that provides a command line interface for Linux, Unix, and macOS systems. It acts as an interface between the user and the operating system.
2. BASH can be used interactively or in scripts. When used interactively, it displays a prompt and accepts commands one at a time. Scripts contain a sequence of commands that are executed automatically.
3. BASH handles parameters, variables, command substitution, redirection, piping, wildcards, and supports basic programming constructs like conditionals, loops, and functions. It also provides
- Variables are used to store and represent data in scripts and programs. There are system, environment, local, and user-defined variables.
- System variables are predefined by the shell and control aspects of shell behavior. Environment variables are available to child processes and programs while local variables are only available within the current shell session.
- User-defined variables are created and named by the user. They are defined using varName=value syntax and can be displayed using echo or printf commands.
This document provides an introduction to shell scripting using Bash. It outlines different shell types and their features. It then covers basic Bash scripting concepts like environment variables, file redirection, command substitution and parameters. The document demonstrates basic Bash commands like alias, if/then, loops, functions and find/awk/sed/xargs. It concludes with an overview of vi text editor commands for navigation, editing, splitting windows and setting options.
This document provides an overview of Linux shell scripting (Bash) basics. It discusses writing scripts using editors like vi or vim, setting permissions using chmod, executing scripts, variables, arithmetic operations, file manipulation commands, pipes, reading from files, command substitution, background processes, arrays, output redirection, and input redirection. Examples are provided for many common scripting tasks and commands.
This document discusses shell scripting for Oracle professionals. It begins with the author's background and credentials in database administration and shell scripting. It then covers topics to be discussed, including when to use scripts, scripting basics, connecting to Oracle from scripts, useful scripting techniques, troubleshooting, and examples of scripts. The document provides guidance on determining what tasks are good candidates for scripts, the basics of writing scripts, using variables and comments, and other programming elements needed to get started with shell scripting.
system management -shell programming by gaurav raikarGauravRaikar3
This document discusses shell programming and system administration. It provides an overview of shell scripts, their purpose, and common operations. It also describes the system architecture including hardware, kernel, shell, and utilities. It discusses using VMware and Fedora OS and the Python programming language. Finally, it lists several commands for file system management and viewing system information.
The document discusses improving the Dev Assistant project, an AI assistant tool, by reducing its use of PERL code and making it more accessible to non-expert Perl programmers. It encourages readers to contribute by forking the project's Github repository, making code changes, and submitting pull requests to help the project team modernize the codebase and provide a better first impression of the Perl language.
This study examined the impact of on-site wastewater treatment (septic) systems on water quality and quantity in urbanizing watersheds in metro Atlanta, GA. The results showed that septic system density above 100 units/km2 was correlated with higher levels of fecal indicator bacteria and nitrates in streams, especially in spring. A survey found residents were willing to pay to upgrade septic systems to improve water quality. The study concluded that septic systems increase total watershed water yield, especially during dry periods, and recommended education programs to increase awareness of septic system impacts.
This document summarizes research on applying phosphate isotopes to trace sources and cycling of phosphorus in East Creek, a watershed in the Chesapeake Bay region. It discusses:
1) Phosphorus and high phytate levels in East Creek. Phytate is a major storage form of phosphorus found in plant materials.
2) Measuring oxygen isotopes in phosphate to track the original source of phytate as it is degraded by enzymes. Different enzymes fractionate isotopes in unique ways, allowing identification of active enzymes.
3) Phytate promotes the proliferation of microorganisms that can degrade it. Understanding phytate cycling provides insights into managing phosphorus pollution in
Choosing right agile methodology for your projectPrabhat Sinha
Scrum, Kanban, and Scrumban are agile frameworks discussed. Scrum uses sprints, daily stand-ups, and retrospectives, with a product backlog and sprint backlog mapped to a scrum board. Kanban uses a process board to visualize workflow and work in progress (WIP) limits. Scrumban combines elements of Scrum and Kanban, using a board to map work continuously while also having sprints, stand-ups and retrospectives.
This document summarizes a presentation on a cross-disciplinary watershed management project. The project aims to integrate biophysical and social factors to better target management practices. It develops a diagnostic decision support system to identify areas exporting high pollutant levels ("critical source areas") and prescribe targeted best management practices (BMPs). Modeling evaluates how climate change may increase polluted areas and impact BMP effectiveness. Interviews identify competing views between scientists and farmers on water issues. The work seeks to overcome divergent stakeholder perspectives and better engage communities in watershed management.
This document summarizes a project that evaluated strategies for agricultural water conservation in the Colorado River Basin. The project had four objectives: 1) Evaluate available conservation technology; 2) Identify legal, economic, and social barriers; 3) Strategize with producers and managers to overcome barriers; and 4) Share findings. Case studies were conducted on innovative collaboration programs. Meetings with producers explored barriers like "use it or lose it" laws. The project concluded that one-size-fits-all solutions are unlikely, and that addressing institutional and economic barriers can benefit farmers and help sustain agriculture in the basin.
This research aims to identify the most cost-effective combination of upland, riparian, and in-stream conservation practices to reduce sediment loads in the Fort Cobb watershed. Research includes modeling erosion under different land management scenarios and surveying stakeholders. Preliminary results show streambank erosion contributes significantly to sediment loads. Field studies quantified streambank erodibility, which varies within the watershed. Process-based models are being used to predict streambank erosion at site and reach scales. Landowner surveys found enrollment in conservation programs increases with farm revenue, education, and stewardship mindsets.
The document provides information on heredity and genetics concepts. It defines hereditary traits, chromosomes, genes, alleles, genotypes and phenotypes. It introduces Mendel's laws of inheritance and describes monohybrid crosses. Genetic crosses are modeled using Punnett squares and concepts like dominance, segregation and independent assortment are explained. The document also discusses determining genotypes through test crosses and how the environment can influence phenotypes.
Dr. Elaine Ingham - Building Soil HealthDiegoFooter
This document discusses building soil health through understanding soil organisms and their roles, nutrient cycling, compaction, and plant needs. It emphasizes the importance of diversity in soil organisms through varying foods, temperatures, oxygen, and moisture. Plant roots release exudates that feed beneficial soil organisms, which occupy space and consume nutrients to suppress pathogens. Maintaining permanent plant cover feeds soil life and prevents erosion. The right balance and constant small feeding of soil organisms is key when they are most important to plants.
This document is a presentation on electromagnetic induction and its applications by a group of students. It discusses the history of electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday, defines electromagnetic induction as occurring when a changing magnetic flux induces an emf in a conductor, and outlines Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. It also explains Lenz's law and Fleming's right hand rule for determining the direction of induced current. Finally, it provides examples of useful applications of electromagnetic induction such as AC generators, electric motors, magnetic recording devices, electric stoves, and magnetic brakes.
Learn Powershell Scripting Tutorial Full Course 1dollarcart.com.pdfClapperboardCinemaPV
https://www.news.itentertainment.org/learn-powershell-scripting-tutorial-full-course
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This document provides information about PowerShell training offered by David Brabant in August 2014. It discusses PowerShell versions and features, common PowerShell hosts like the console and PowerShell ISE, PowerShell security including signing scripts and execution policies, and anatomy of PowerShell scripts including variables, functions, and modules. PowerShell allows administrators to script and automate tasks across Windows platforms and other systems like AWS. It is an essential tool for system administrators and DevOps.
Get-Help: An intro to PowerShell and how to Use it for Eviljaredhaight
This talk covers the basics of how PowerShell works and how to use it. It then goes over a lot of the interesting offensive PowerShell tools that are available and gives a demo of using PowerShell to escalate to Domain Admin privileges on a network.
A video of the talk is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSUJNInriiY
The document provides information about shells in Linux operating systems. It defines what a kernel and shell are, explains why shells are used, describes different types of shells, and provides examples of shell scripting. The key points are:
- The kernel manages system resources and acts as an intermediary between hardware and software. A shell is a program that takes commands and runs them, providing an interface between the user and operating system.
- Shells are useful for automating tasks, combining commands to create new ones, and adding functionality to the operating system. Common shells include Bash, Bourne, C, Korn, and Tcsh.
- Shell scripts allow storing commands in files to automate tasks.
The document discusses various shell and command line tools to improve productivity for developers, including:
- Bash basics like keyboard navigation, piping, I/O redirection
- Tools like GNU Screen for multitasking and Vim for text editing
- Phing for project automation and deployment
- Benchmarking tools like Apache Bench and Siege
It provides examples of using these tools and resources for further learning shell scripting and command line skills. The overall agenda is around becoming a more efficient "Bash Ninja" through mastering the shell environment.
This document contains biographical information about Boulos Dib, an independent consultant specializing in software development. It provides details about Dib's early experience with personal computers and programming languages. It also lists upcoming presentations by Dib on LightSwitch and Silverlight at the NYC Code Camp in October 2011. The document concludes with an overview of PowerShell scripting.
This document provides an overview of learning Python in three hours. It covers installing and running Python, basic data types like integers, floats and strings. It also discusses sequence types like lists, tuples and strings, including accessing elements, slicing, and using operators like + and *. The document explains basic syntax like comments, indentation and naming conventions. It provides examples of simple functions and scripts.
This document provides an introduction to PowerShell, including what it is, its core components like cmdlets and objects, and how it can be used for automation and management. PowerShell combines a command-line shell and a scripting language that allows users to discover, query, and manipulate systems through a .NET object model. It includes cmdlets for common system tasks and can be extended with additional cmdlets. PowerShell is included with Windows 7/Server 2008 R2 and later or can be installed on earlier versions, and will be important for IT professionals to learn as it replaces traditional shells.
Scripts are plain text files that contain one or more Windows PowerShell commands. They allow commands to be saved, shared, and easily rerun. To write a script, commands are typed into a text file with a .ps1 extension. Scripts can contain single commands, functions, control structures, and parameters. They provide features like commenting, signing, and running on local or remote computers.
The document discusses UNIX shells and their functions as an interface between users and the operating system hardware, including how shells allow for command execution, scripting, and redirection of standard input/output/error. It also covers common shell features like tab completion, history, aliases, environment variables, job control, and process management using commands like ps, kill, and pgrep.
The document provides details about Boulos Dib, an independent consultant with over 30 years of experience in software development. It lists his early experiences with computers and operating systems. It then outlines his agenda for a presentation on PowerShell and SharePoint, including a review of PowerShell concepts, the SharePoint Management Shell, common cmdlets, best practices, sample scripts and tools.
Functions allow programmers to organize and reuse code. PHP has many built-in functions for common string and date/time operations. Programmers can also define their own functions. Functions can accept arguments, use default values, be called by value or reference, and be recursive. Variable scope inside functions prevents naming collisions with external variables. Well-formed PHP functions follow naming conventions and can contain other functions and classes.
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Training on php by cyber security infotech (csi). Cs-infotech is one of the best cyber security and website development company in India. we also provide Network security, software development, Cyber security corporate training and SEO and SMO services.
Our services are Employee Monitoring System,Employee Monitoring Software,Website Audit,Network Security,Network Audit and Information Security.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Perl programming language. It discusses what Perl is, its history and origins, its uses for bioinformatics tasks, examples of bioinformatics problems suited to Perl, and includes examples of basic Perl programs and concepts like variables, operators, conditionals and loops.
This document provides summaries of Linux system and administrative commands. It discusses commands for managing users and groups like useradd, userdel, chown, chgrp, id, who, logname, su, sudo, and passwd. It also covers commands for viewing system information like uname, arch, lastlog, and lsof. Finally, it summarizes terminal commands such as tty, stty, tset, mesg, and wall.
This encompasses different techniques employed by leveraging powershell and attacking the systems in different ways. It is an interesting agglomeration of combined methods in plundering a windows box
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
Ready to Unlock the Power of Blockchain!Toptal Tech
Imagine a world where data flows freely, yet remains secure. A world where trust is built into the fabric of every transaction. This is the promise of blockchain, a revolutionary technology poised to reshape our digital landscape.
Toptal Tech is at the forefront of this innovation, connecting you with the brightest minds in blockchain development. Together, we can unlock the potential of this transformative technology, building a future of transparency, security, and endless possibilities.
2. (OUSTERHOUT, J., “Scripting: Higher-Level Programming for the 21st Century”, IEEE Computer, Vol. 31, No. 3, March 1998, pp. 23-30.)
From Ousterhout, 1998:
While programming languages like C/C++ are designed for low-level construction of data struc-
tures and algorithms, scripting languages are designed for high-level “gluing” of existing com-
ponents. Components are created with low-level languages and glued together with scripting
languages.
WARNING!
The following presentation is NOT meant to be a comprehensive/complete tour of the PowerShell
language.
The purpose is to get you started with some basic program constructions which you will recognize based on
some-sort-of-programming-background.
At the end of the presentation (Credits section) you will find pointers to more comprehensive
material (reference material).
2
3. Practice
You need a Windows host running on a physical or virtual machine with working access to the internet, and
with PowerShell v2.0 installed.
Log in and open a terminal window, download the examples as we go along from
http :// www.hig.no/˜ erikh/ tutorial-powershell /FILENAME
(or download all at once with filename powershell-examples.zip but remember to unblock be-
fore unzip)
You will find the FILENAME on the first line of each example. For each example do
1. Download
wget http://www.hig.no/˜erikh/tutorial-powershell/FILENAME
2. View the code
Get-Content FILENAME
3. Execute the code
.FILENAME
We assume that you are using PowerShell 2.0 (as shipped with Windows 7 and Windows Server
2008R2) and have installed the PowerShell Community Extensions from http://pscx.codeplex.
com/ and the GnuWin32 utilities http://sourceforge.net/projects/getgnuwin32/files/ (where
you will find wget etc).
To allow for execution of scripts in powershell you need to set the correct execution policy:
# check what is current policy
Get-ExecutionPolicy
# change to only require signature on remote scripts
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
# you probably need to "run as administrator" to do this
To install PowerShell Community Extensions
# download Pscx-2.x.x.x.zip using a webbrowser
# windows explorer and browse to where it is
# right click on Pscx-2.x.x.x.zip, choose properties
# click unblock, ok
# right click, extract all to $PSHOMEModules dir
# $PSHOME is probably
# C:WindowsSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0
Import-Module Pscx
# place this command in $profile so it is run every time
# you start PowerShell, or do it globally with
# "run as administrator" and
New-Item $pshomeprofile.ps1 -type file
notepad $pshomeprofile.ps1
3
4. To install GnuWin32
# Run setup program from
# http://sourceforge.net/projects/getgnuwin32/files/
# cd to the directory where it was downloaded
download.bat # answer yes to a couple of questions
# run powershell as administrator
install.bat 'C:Program filesGnuWin32'
notepad $pshomeprofile.ps1
# add the following to include the gnuwin32 tools in PATH
# $env:path += ";C:/Program Files/GnuWin32/bin"
Hello World
# hello.ps1
Write-Host "hello world!"
execute as long as filename ends with .ps1:
. hello.ps1
or direct from command line cmd (DOSPROMPT)
powershell -command "Write-Host "hello world !""
or direct from command line powershell
Write-Host "hello world!"
1 Variables
Single Variables
# single-var .ps1
$firstname="Mysil"
$lastname=" Bergsprekken "
$fullname="$firstname $lastname"
Write-Host "Hello $fullname , may I call you `
$firstname `?"
All variables are prefixed with $
We need to use ` between $firstname and ? to avoid ? being “part of” the variable name.
A single variable (sometimes called a scalar) is typed, but PowerShell chooses the type automati-
cally for us by ”guessing”. Typing can be forced by prefixing the variable with e.g. [int]. What
4
5. is important to know is that variables are instances of .NET objects, and these objects are also what is being
passed through the pipe of piped commands (as opposed to just piping byte streams in other shells).
PowerShell uses namespaces, e.g. you can write $fullname or $variable:fullname. You can list
all current variables with Get-Variable $variable:*
Scope for a variable can be defined with Set-Variable -Scope. PowerShell can also dot-source
script files to make a script’s variables accessible from the command line.
PowerShell in itself, like much of Windows, is case-insensitive, however it preserves case when
used.
Btw, ` is the protection character (and line continuation character) in PowerShell (same as in bash).
PowerShell does this differently from Unix/Linux scripts since (in addition to /) is used as a
directory separator on Windows, see also
Get-Help about_escape_characters
Single and Double Quotes
# quotes .ps1
$name="Mysil"
Write-Host Hello $name
Write-Host "Hello $name"
Write-Host 'Hello $name '
Variables are expanded/interpolated inside double quotes, but not inside single quotes.
1.1 Arrays
Arrays
One-dimensional arrays:
# array.ps1
$os=@("linux", "windows")
$os+=@("mac")
Write-Host $os [1] # print windows
Write-Host $os # print array values
Write-Host $os.Count # length of array
Arrays are created with @(...)
Note how we display the length of the array by viewing a property (Count) of the object. Btw,
Count is just a reference to the Length property
. ./array.ps1
$os.PSExtended | Get-Member
5
6. If you want to access an array element within an interpolated string, you have to place the array
element in parentheses like this:
Write-Host "My operating system is $($os[1])"
Associative Arrays
# assoc-array .ps1
$user=@{
"frodeh" = "Frode Haug";
"ivarm" = "Ivar Moe"
}
$user +=@{"lailas"="Laila Skiaker"}
Write-Host $user["ivarm"] # print Ivar Moe
Write-Host @user # print array values
Write-Host $user.Keys # print array keys
Write-Host $user.Count # print length of array
Associative arrays are created with @{...} and are called Hashtables in PowerShell.
1.2 Structures/Classes
Structures/Classes
A simple object used as a struct:
# struct .ps1
$myhost=New-Object PSObject -Property `
@{os="";
sw=@();
user=@{}
}
$myhost.os="linux"
$myhost.sw+=@("gcc","flex","vim")
$myhost.user +=@{
"frodeh"="Frode Haug";
"monicas"="Monica Strand"
}
Write-Host $myhost.os
Write-Host $myhost.sw [2]
Write-Host $myhost.user["monicas"]
Of course, since PowerShell is based on the object-oriented framework .NET, creating and manip-
ulating objects is a world by it self, there are a plethora of ways of doing these things.
See what kind of object this is by running the commands on the command line and doing
$myhost
$myhost.GetType()
$myhost | Get-Member
Note also that we don’t need the line continuation character ` when inside a block ({...}).
6
7. 1.3 Command-line args
Command-Line Arguments
All command-line arguments in the array $args
Scriptname retrieved from the object $MyInvocation
# cli-args .ps1
Write-Host "I am" $MyInvocation . InvocationName `
"and have" $args.Count "arguments" `
"first is" $args [0]
$MyInvocation is one of PowerShell’s builtin variables. Again, check what kind of object this is
with
$MyInvocation.GetType()
$MyInvocation | Get-Member
# or check what a typical PowerShell command returns
Get-Process | Get-Member
(Get-Process).GetType()
# contrast this with a traditional cmd command
ipconfig | Get-Member
(ipconfig).GetType()
2 Input
2.1 Input
Input From User
# input-user .ps1
$something=Read-Host "Say something here"
Write-Host "you said" $something
Input From the Pipeline
# input-pipe .ps1
$something="$input"
Write-Host "you said" $something
can be executed as
Write-Output "hey hey!" | . input-pipe.ps1
$input (another one of PowerShell’s builtin variables) is a special variable which enumerates the
incoming objects in the pipeline.
7
8. Input From Files
# input-file .ps1
$file= Get-Content hello.ps1
Write-Host @file -Separator "`n"
You can assign the entire output of a command directly to a variable.
2.2 System commands
Input from System Commands
# input-commands .ps1
$name =( Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem ). Name
$kernel =( Get-WmiObject `
Win32_OperatingSystem ). Version
Write-Host "I am running on $name , version" `
"$kernel in $( Get-Location )"
Using $(expr) inside a string will treat it as an ad-hoc variable evaluating the expression expr and
inserting the output into the string.
3 Conditions
3.1 if/else
if/else
# if.ps1
if ($args.Length -ne 1) {
Write-Host "usage:" `
$MyInvocation . InvocationName `
"<argument >"
}
3.2 Operators
Comparison
8
9. Operator Meaning
−lt Less than
−gt Greater than
−le Less than or equal to
−ge Greater than or equal to
−eq Equal to
−ne Not equal to
Note that many other test operators (e.g. file tests) are used as methods in the objects instead of
separate operators.
Boolean
Operator Meaning
−not Not
! Not
−and And
−or Or
# if-num-string .ps1
if ($args.Count -ne 2) {
Write-Host "usage:" `
$MyInvocation . InvocationName `
"<argument > <argument >"
exit 0
} elseif ($args [0] -gt $args [1]) {
Write-Host $args [0] "larger than" $args [1]
} else {
Write-Host $args [0] "smaller than or" `
"equal to" $args [1]
}
if (Test-Path $args [0]) {
if (!( Get-Item $args [0]). PSIsContainer ) {
Write-Host $args [0] "is a file"
}
}
There are not separate comparison operators for numbers and strings. Be careful when compar-
ing objects with different types. Behaviour might be a bit strange (see page 209 of ”Mastering
PowerShell” by Weltner):
$ 123 -lt "123.4"
False
$ 123 -lt "123.5"
True
A set of file test operators is not available since this functionality is covered through cmdlets (e.g.
Test-Path) and methods (e.g. PSIsContainer).
9
11. # if-bool .ps1
if ((1 -eq 2) -and (1 -eq 1) -or (1 -eq 1)) {
Write-Host "And has precedence"
} else {
Write-Host "Or has precedence"
}
# force OR precedence :
if ((1 -eq 2) -and ((1 -eq 1) -or (1 -eq 1))) {
Write-Host "And has precedence"
} else {
Write-Host "Or has precedence"
}
AND is always (as known from mathematics courses) evaluated before OR (binds more tightly).
Write it down in logic (truth table) if you are unsure.
3.3 Switch/case
Switch/Case
# switch .ps1
$short = @{ yes="y"; nope="n" }
$ans = Read-Host
switch ($ans) {
yes { Write-Host "yes" }
nope { Write-Host "nope"; break }
{$short. ContainsKey ("$ans")} `
{ Write-Host $short[$ans] }
default {Write-Host "$ans `???"}
}
Run example and see the difference between inputting yes, nope and nei.
In the example above {$short.ContainsKey("$ans")} checks if the content of $ans has an entry
(matches a key) in the associative array $short. Switch in PowerShell continues testing each case
unless it reads a break.
3.4 Where
Where/Where-Object
# where.ps1
Get-ChildItem | Where-Object {$_.Length -gt 1KB}
11
12. In a pipeline we use Where-Object and ForEach-Object, but when processing a collection/array
in a script we would use Where and ForEach (in other words: without the -object).
We can use KB, MB and GB and PowerShell understands what we mean.
4 Iteration
4.1 For
For loop
# for.ps1
for ($i =1; $i-le3;$i ++) {
Write-Host "$i"
}
# something more useful :
$file= Get-ChildItem
for ($i =0; $i-lt$file.Count;$i ++) {
if (!( Get-Item $file[$i ]). PSIsContainer ) {
Write-Host $file[$i]. Name "is a file"
} else {
Write-Host $file[$i]. Name "is a directory"
}
}
Normally you would use ForEach instead of for since you can simplify the first loop above like
this:
ForEach ($i in 1..3) {
Write-Host "$i"
}
4.2 While
While
# while.ps1
while ($i -le 3) {
Write-Host $i
$i++
}
# something more useful :
$file= Get-ChildItem
$i=0
12
13. while ($i -lt $file.Count) {
if (!( Get-Item $file[$i ]). PSIsContainer ) {
Write-Host $file[$i]. Name "is a file"
} else {
Write-Host $file[$i]. Name "is a directory"
}
$i++
}
The for example converted to while.
4.3 Foreach
Foreach loop
# foreach .ps1
foreach ($i in Get-ChildItem ) {
Write-Host $i.Name
}
# with associative arrays
$user=@{
"frodeh" = "Frode Haug";
"monicas" = "Monica Strand";
"ivarm" = "Ivar Moe"
}
foreach ($key in $user.Keys) {
Write-Host $user[$key]
}
In a pipeline we would use ForEach-Object.
ForEach
If we want to read from the pipeline and do stuff object by object:
# foreach-pipe .ps1
foreach ($i in $input) {
$foo += @($i)
}
Write-Host "size of foo is" $foo.Count
or
# foreach-object-pipe .ps1
$input | ForEach-Object {
$foo += @($_)
}
Write-Host "size of foo is" $foo.Count
13
14. $ Get-ChildItem | ./ foreach-object-pipe .ps1
size of foo is 20
$input represents the pipeline and $_ the current object in the pipeline.
5 Math
Operators
Operator Meaning
+ Add
− Subtract
* Multiply
/ Divide
% Modulus
# math.ps1
Write-Host "3+5 is" (3+5)
Write-Host "3+5 is" 3+5
Write-Host "3+5 is" (3+5)
Write-Host "3+5 is" $(3+5)
Write-Host "3+5 is (3+5)"
Write-Host "3+5 is $(3+5)"
6 Functions
Functions
# func.ps1
# declare :
function add($a , $b) {
Write-Host "$a+$b is" ($a+$b)
}
# use:
add 5.12 2.56
14
15. 7 RegExp
Regular expressions intro 1/5
Special/Meta-characters:
| ( ) [ ] { } ˆ $ * + ? .
These have to be protected with , e.g. http://www.hig.no
To match c:temp, you need to use the regex c:temp. As a string in C++ source code,
this regex becomes "c:temp". Four backslashes to match a single one indeed.
(from http://www.regular-expressions.info/characters.html):
There are many different regular expression engines, which differs mostly in features and speed.
In this tutorial we will try to stick with simple examples which will the same in most engines (perl,
pcre, extended posix, .NET, ...).
Regular expressions intro 2/5
Describing characters:
Operator Meaning
. Any single character
[abcd] One of these characters
[ˆabcd] Any one but these characters
[a-zA-Z0-9] A character in these ranges
Regular expressions intro 3/5
Grouping:
Operator Meaning
() Group
| OR
Anchoring:
Operator Meaning
ˆ Beginning of line
$ End of line
15
16. Regular expressions intro 4/5
Repetition operators/Modifiers/Quantifiers:
Operator Meaning
? 0 or 1 time
* 0 or more times
+ 1 or more times
{N} N times
{N,} At least N times
{N,M} At least N but not more than M
Demo: four step example with
cat a.html | ForEach-Object {if($_ -match REGEXP)` {Write-Host $matches[0]}}
Regular expressions intro 5/5
Finding URLs in HTML: (mailto|http)://[ˆ"]*
Each line should be an email address: ˆ[A-Za-z0-9._-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+$
Remember that regexp engines are most often greedy, they try to match as much as possible, so
using e.g. .* might match more than you were planning for.
7.1 PowerShell example
PowerShell example
# regexp .ps1
$input | ForEach-Object {
if ($_ -match
"ˆ[ A-Za-z0-9._-]+@([ A-Za-z0-9 .-]+)$") {
Write-Host "Valid email", $matches [0]
Write-Host "Domain is", $matches [1]
} else {
Write-Host "Invalid email address!"
}
}
When we use regular expressions inside scripts, it is very useful to be able to extract parts of the
match. We can do this by specifying the part with (part) and refer to it later using $matches[1],
$matches[2], etc. $matches[0] matches the entire expression.
http://www.regular-expressions.info/powershell.html
16
17. 8 PowerShell only
Advanced stuff
See the complete Mastering PowerShell book at
http://powershell.com/cs/blogs/ebook/
for much more of what you can do with PowerShell
9 Credits
Credits
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/windows-powershell http://powershell.com/cs/blogs/ebook/ http://technet.microsoft.
com/en-us/library/ee692948.aspx http://www.techotopia.com/index.php/Windows_PowerShell_1.0_String_Quoting_and_Escape_
Sequences http://dmitrysotnikov.wordpress.com/2008/11/26/input-gotchas/ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/59819/how-do-i-create-a-custom-typ
http://www.powershellpro.com/powershell-tutorial-introduction/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShell http:
//www.johndcook.com/powershell.html http://www.regular-expressions.info/ OUSTERHOUT, J., “Scripting: Higher-Level Pro-
gramming for the 21st Century”, IEEE Computer, Vol. 31, No. 3, March 1998, pp. 23-30.)
17