G24 Innovations designs and manufactures thin-film photovoltaic modules using a proprietary dye-sensitized solar cell technology. The technology allows for flexible, lightweight, and aesthetically pleasing solar panels. G24 has production facilities in Wales and sales/marketing offices in London and Silicon Valley. It aims to expand production capacity to 200 MW by leveraging research partnerships and private funding. Key target markets include consumer electronics, portable power sources, and building-integrated solar products, which were valued at over $50 billion, $200 billion, and $29 billion respectively in 2008. G24's dye-sensitized solar cell technology offers advantages over competitors in performance under low-light conditions and potential for further cost reductions
Nuclear forces keep nucleons together through powerful short-range attraction between protons and neutrons. The mass of a nucleus is less than the total mass of its constituent particles due to the nuclear mass defect. This mass defect is converted to nuclear binding energy, which is released when the nucleus forms. Nuclei with intermediate atomic weights have the greatest stability and binding energy per particle, while the lightest and heaviest nuclei are less stable.
O documento resume conceitos fundamentais da física nuclear, incluindo: 1) a descoberta do núcleo atômico por Rutherford através de experimentos com partículas alfa; 2) propriedades nucleares como número de prótons, nêutrons e massa atômica; 3) decaimento radioativo e sua aplicação na datação de materiais.
This document provides an overview of Module II on dielectric properties taught by Dr. L. N. Patro at GITAM University. It covers fundamental definitions related to dielectrics including polarization, dielectric constant, electric field and flux. It discusses different types of polarization including electronic, ionic and dipolar polarization. It also covers dielectric loss, breakdown and applications. Example problems are provided to illustrate calculations of capacitance, polarization, displacement and dielectric susceptibility. Key concepts like local field, Clausius-Mossotti relation and spontaneous polarization in BaTiO3 are part of the syllabus overview.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to the book "Symmetry and Spectroscopy" by Daniel C. Harris and Michael D. Bertolucci. The book is an introduction to vibrational and electronic spectroscopy with a focus on using group theory. It covers topics like point groups, character tables, molecular orbital theory, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and electronic spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. It includes examples, problems, and appendices with information like character tables and physical constants to aid the learning of these spectroscopic and symmetry concepts.
O documento discute semicondutores, explicando que são materiais com propriedades de condução intermediárias entre isolantes e condutores. Detalha que a dopagem, processo de adição de impurezas, permite variar a condutividade de semicondutores e define os tipos "n" e "p", conduzidos por elétrons ou lacunas respectivamente. Também aborda como a temperatura afeta as propriedades elétricas ao liberar elétrons de ligação.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
G24 Innovations designs and manufactures thin-film photovoltaic modules using a proprietary dye-sensitized solar cell technology. The technology allows for flexible, lightweight, and aesthetically pleasing solar panels. G24 has production facilities in Wales and sales/marketing offices in London and Silicon Valley. It aims to expand production capacity to 200 MW by leveraging research partnerships and private funding. Key target markets include consumer electronics, portable power sources, and building-integrated solar products, which were valued at over $50 billion, $200 billion, and $29 billion respectively in 2008. G24's dye-sensitized solar cell technology offers advantages over competitors in performance under low-light conditions and potential for further cost reductions
Nuclear forces keep nucleons together through powerful short-range attraction between protons and neutrons. The mass of a nucleus is less than the total mass of its constituent particles due to the nuclear mass defect. This mass defect is converted to nuclear binding energy, which is released when the nucleus forms. Nuclei with intermediate atomic weights have the greatest stability and binding energy per particle, while the lightest and heaviest nuclei are less stable.
O documento resume conceitos fundamentais da física nuclear, incluindo: 1) a descoberta do núcleo atômico por Rutherford através de experimentos com partículas alfa; 2) propriedades nucleares como número de prótons, nêutrons e massa atômica; 3) decaimento radioativo e sua aplicação na datação de materiais.
This document provides an overview of Module II on dielectric properties taught by Dr. L. N. Patro at GITAM University. It covers fundamental definitions related to dielectrics including polarization, dielectric constant, electric field and flux. It discusses different types of polarization including electronic, ionic and dipolar polarization. It also covers dielectric loss, breakdown and applications. Example problems are provided to illustrate calculations of capacitance, polarization, displacement and dielectric susceptibility. Key concepts like local field, Clausius-Mossotti relation and spontaneous polarization in BaTiO3 are part of the syllabus overview.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to the book "Symmetry and Spectroscopy" by Daniel C. Harris and Michael D. Bertolucci. The book is an introduction to vibrational and electronic spectroscopy with a focus on using group theory. It covers topics like point groups, character tables, molecular orbital theory, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and electronic spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. It includes examples, problems, and appendices with information like character tables and physical constants to aid the learning of these spectroscopic and symmetry concepts.
O documento discute semicondutores, explicando que são materiais com propriedades de condução intermediárias entre isolantes e condutores. Detalha que a dopagem, processo de adição de impurezas, permite variar a condutividade de semicondutores e define os tipos "n" e "p", conduzidos por elétrons ou lacunas respectivamente. Também aborda como a temperatura afeta as propriedades elétricas ao liberar elétrons de ligação.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
This document summarizes different types of crystal systems and lattice structures, including cubic, orthorhombic, rhombohedral, tetragonal, triclinic, and hexagonal systems. It also describes common Bravais lattices like primitive, FCC, and BCC. Finally, it discusses packing of layers in cubic close packing and hexagonal close packing, and defines octahedral and tetrahedral voids that can exist in FCC and hexagonal unit cells.
This document discusses the piezoelectric effect and properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), a commonly used piezoelectric ceramic material. It begins with a brief history of the piezoelectric effect and an introduction to piezoelectric materials and the perovskite crystal structure. It then focuses on PZT, describing its crystal structure and how an applied electric field causes polarization below the Curie point. The document discusses hysteresis curves, piezoelectric constants including d33, g31, k31, and permittivity. It compares properties of PZT to other piezoelectric materials like barium titanate and PVDF polymer. The document concludes with an
Plasmons are quanta of plasma oscillations that can be excited by light under certain conditions. They involve collective oscillations of free electrons in metals or at metal surfaces. The plasma frequency determines the frequency of bulk plasmon oscillations and depends on the electron density. Surface plasmons involve charge density oscillations confined to the metal surface and have a lower frequency than bulk plasmons. When metal nanoparticles are illuminated by light, the light exerts a force on the conduction electrons, causing them to oscillate at the plasmon resonant frequency. The mean free path of electrons in metals determines how far they can travel before losing energy, with plasmons being a major source of energy loss that limits the mean free path.
The standard model of particle physics attempts to describe the fundamental interactions of nature. It classifies all known elementary particles and their interactions via gauge bosons that mediate four fundamental forces. While successful, it is limited and does not account for gravity, dark matter, neutrino masses, inflation, or the asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the universe. Many theories beyond the standard model have been proposed to address its limitations, such as supersymmetry, grand unification, string theory, and others.
1) In 1911, Kamerlingh-Onnes discovered that the electrical resistance of mercury disappeared entirely when cooled below 4.15K, an unexpected phenomenon now known as superconductivity.
2) Normally, electrical resistance in solids is caused by the flow of electrons. However, in a superconductor, the electrons appear to flow without resistance below the critical temperature.
3) Onnes initially thought of a superconductor as a vessel filled with an electron gas, where an electric field causes the electrons to flow without resistance like a "wind" through the gas.
This document discusses semiconductor materials and their properties. It explains that semiconductors have a conductivity between insulators and metals due to their band gap. The size of the band gap determines whether a material is a semiconductor or insulator. Doping semiconductors by adding impurities can increase or decrease the number of charge carriers, tuning the material's electronic properties. Metal contacts to semiconductors can form rectifying Schottky barriers or ohmic contacts depending on the barrier height and width. Schottky diodes use a Schottky barrier for rectification while ohmic contacts are used for signals in semiconductor devices.
An introduction to the fundamental physics of transparent conducting oxides including a review of the electrical and optical properties of common materials.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electric circuits including:
1. An electric circuit connects an energy source to an energy consuming device through conducting wires that allow electric charges to move. Electromotive force drives current, measured in amperes, through a circuit.
2. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity and dimensions. Components like resistors control current in circuits.
3. Electric power, measured in watts, is calculated by multiplying voltage by current. This relates to the energy delivered by a circuit over time for devices that function as resistors.
Certain crystalline materials like quartz exhibit piezoelectricity, producing an electric charge when compressed. Quartz crystals are commonly used as they are inexpensive and available naturally. Quartz has a hexagonal structure with three axes and its frequency depends inversely on thickness. Quartz crystals are used in oscillators where an applied voltage causes the crystal to vibrate at its natural frequency, producing a stable reference signal.
The document describes the basic operation and construction of a capacitor. A capacitor consists of two conducting parallel plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric. When a switch is closed, electrons are repelled from the negative plate and attracted to the positive plate, building up opposite charges on each plate. The stored charge remains when the switch is opened due to the conduction block of the dielectric. Capacitance is directly proportional to plate area and inversely proportional to plate separation distance. Energy is stored in the electric field generated by the charge separation in a capacitor.
This document summarizes research on improving the stability of perovskite solar cells. It discusses using tin instead of lead in perovskite materials to reduce toxicity. A carbon and epoxy electrode is also proposed to improve moisture stability. Test results show the carbon-epoxy electrode maintains solar cell efficiency for over 20 days in humid conditions, while a carbon-only device degrades after 16 days. Coating the carbon-epoxy with silver further enhances moisture resistance and electrical conductivity.
Perovskite solar cells are a promising photovoltaic technology that has seen rapid increases in efficiency from 3.8% in 2009 to 19.3% in 2014. Perovskites have a unique crystal structure and can be prepared through various methods like spin coating and inkjet printing. They offer benefits such as high absorption, tunable bandgaps, and flexibility. However, challenges remain around stability issues from oxygen, moisture, UV light and heat that can be addressed through material engineering and encapsulation. With further research into replacing lead and improving stability, perovskite solar cells have the potential to become a leading solar technology of the future.
The document discusses electron configuration in atoms and quantum numbers. It explains that the four quantum numbers - principal quantum number (n), orbital quantum number (l), magnetic quantum number (ml) and spin quantum number (ms) uniquely specify the electron state in an atom. It also mentions Pauli's exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. The document then discusses band theory of solids and explains that in solids, the discrete energy levels of individual atoms form energy bands. It describes the valence band, conduction band and forbidden band in semiconductors.
This document provides an overview of electromagnetism and magnetic circuits. It begins by explaining some key electromagnetic principles such as how electric currents generate magnetic fields and how electromagnets work. It then discusses magnetic fields and flux in more detail. This includes the right hand rule, properties of coils, permeability, reluctance, magnetomotive force, and Ampere's and Faraday's laws. Magnetic circuits are also analyzed using an analogy to electric circuits. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate values like magnetic field strength, flux density, and coil current required to achieve a given flux.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
This document discusses conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. It explains that semiconductors are metalloids that have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing electrical conductivity to increase with temperature. Semiconducting elements like silicon and germanium form the basis of solid state electronic devices. Doping semiconductors with other elements can produce either n-type or p-type materials, and joining n-type and p-type materials creates a p-n junction that can function as a rectifier. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and has revolutionized electronics, with integrated circuits continuing to shrink in size following Moore's Law.
There are several types of defects that can arise in solids, including point defects like vacancies and interstitials, line defects like dislocations, and area defects like grain boundaries. The number and type of defects can be controlled through processing parameters and affect the material properties. While some defects are undesirable, others can play important roles like enabling plastic deformation through dislocation motion. Advanced microscopy techniques allow direct imaging of these defect structures at atomic scales.
This document is a project report submitted by Priyanka Verma and Smriti Singh for their Bachelor of Science degree in physics. It discusses elementary particles, including their characteristics, classification, conservation laws, and examples like electrons, positrons, protons, neutrons, pions, and kaons. The report includes certificates of completion from their college principal and physics professors.
Perovskites-based Solar Cells: The challenge of material choice for p-i-n per...Akinola Oyedele
Perovskite-based PV have triggered widespread interest in the scientific community because these materials offer the attractive combinations of low cost and theoretically high efficiency. However, several challenges must be overcome for these relatively new PV materials. Among the many important challenges, one is the choice of materials to be used in thin film PV devices..
Based on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaics, this problem focuses on two aspects of the perovskite system:
1) Based on a planar p-i-n device structure, a potential list of p- and n-type charge collecting layers as well as the conductive contacts that could be used with a promising perovskite absorber material was identified, and a proper justification for the selection of each material in the device was given.
2) Three theoretical p-i-n type solar cells were made with the chosen materials and appropriate conductive contacts.
ECAL provides electronic component testing and analysis services to detect counterfeit components. Their mission is to provide accurate, affordable and quick test results that meet or exceed customer expectations. Services include visual inspection, XRF analysis, x-ray, electrical testing, and more. ECAL aims to eliminate guesswork about component quality through reliable, cost-effective testing of all orders, large and small.
The Test & Measurement Division provides quality solutions for industries such as defense, education, power utilities, and transportation. They identify customer needs and provide tools, training, and high-quality instruments from leading manufacturers to increase productivity. Their products and services include calibration, data acquisition, design for testability, power sources, and production testing solutions.
This document summarizes different types of crystal systems and lattice structures, including cubic, orthorhombic, rhombohedral, tetragonal, triclinic, and hexagonal systems. It also describes common Bravais lattices like primitive, FCC, and BCC. Finally, it discusses packing of layers in cubic close packing and hexagonal close packing, and defines octahedral and tetrahedral voids that can exist in FCC and hexagonal unit cells.
This document discusses the piezoelectric effect and properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), a commonly used piezoelectric ceramic material. It begins with a brief history of the piezoelectric effect and an introduction to piezoelectric materials and the perovskite crystal structure. It then focuses on PZT, describing its crystal structure and how an applied electric field causes polarization below the Curie point. The document discusses hysteresis curves, piezoelectric constants including d33, g31, k31, and permittivity. It compares properties of PZT to other piezoelectric materials like barium titanate and PVDF polymer. The document concludes with an
Plasmons are quanta of plasma oscillations that can be excited by light under certain conditions. They involve collective oscillations of free electrons in metals or at metal surfaces. The plasma frequency determines the frequency of bulk plasmon oscillations and depends on the electron density. Surface plasmons involve charge density oscillations confined to the metal surface and have a lower frequency than bulk plasmons. When metal nanoparticles are illuminated by light, the light exerts a force on the conduction electrons, causing them to oscillate at the plasmon resonant frequency. The mean free path of electrons in metals determines how far they can travel before losing energy, with plasmons being a major source of energy loss that limits the mean free path.
The standard model of particle physics attempts to describe the fundamental interactions of nature. It classifies all known elementary particles and their interactions via gauge bosons that mediate four fundamental forces. While successful, it is limited and does not account for gravity, dark matter, neutrino masses, inflation, or the asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the universe. Many theories beyond the standard model have been proposed to address its limitations, such as supersymmetry, grand unification, string theory, and others.
1) In 1911, Kamerlingh-Onnes discovered that the electrical resistance of mercury disappeared entirely when cooled below 4.15K, an unexpected phenomenon now known as superconductivity.
2) Normally, electrical resistance in solids is caused by the flow of electrons. However, in a superconductor, the electrons appear to flow without resistance below the critical temperature.
3) Onnes initially thought of a superconductor as a vessel filled with an electron gas, where an electric field causes the electrons to flow without resistance like a "wind" through the gas.
This document discusses semiconductor materials and their properties. It explains that semiconductors have a conductivity between insulators and metals due to their band gap. The size of the band gap determines whether a material is a semiconductor or insulator. Doping semiconductors by adding impurities can increase or decrease the number of charge carriers, tuning the material's electronic properties. Metal contacts to semiconductors can form rectifying Schottky barriers or ohmic contacts depending on the barrier height and width. Schottky diodes use a Schottky barrier for rectification while ohmic contacts are used for signals in semiconductor devices.
An introduction to the fundamental physics of transparent conducting oxides including a review of the electrical and optical properties of common materials.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in electric circuits including:
1. An electric circuit connects an energy source to an energy consuming device through conducting wires that allow electric charges to move. Electromotive force drives current, measured in amperes, through a circuit.
2. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity and dimensions. Components like resistors control current in circuits.
3. Electric power, measured in watts, is calculated by multiplying voltage by current. This relates to the energy delivered by a circuit over time for devices that function as resistors.
Certain crystalline materials like quartz exhibit piezoelectricity, producing an electric charge when compressed. Quartz crystals are commonly used as they are inexpensive and available naturally. Quartz has a hexagonal structure with three axes and its frequency depends inversely on thickness. Quartz crystals are used in oscillators where an applied voltage causes the crystal to vibrate at its natural frequency, producing a stable reference signal.
The document describes the basic operation and construction of a capacitor. A capacitor consists of two conducting parallel plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric. When a switch is closed, electrons are repelled from the negative plate and attracted to the positive plate, building up opposite charges on each plate. The stored charge remains when the switch is opened due to the conduction block of the dielectric. Capacitance is directly proportional to plate area and inversely proportional to plate separation distance. Energy is stored in the electric field generated by the charge separation in a capacitor.
This document summarizes research on improving the stability of perovskite solar cells. It discusses using tin instead of lead in perovskite materials to reduce toxicity. A carbon and epoxy electrode is also proposed to improve moisture stability. Test results show the carbon-epoxy electrode maintains solar cell efficiency for over 20 days in humid conditions, while a carbon-only device degrades after 16 days. Coating the carbon-epoxy with silver further enhances moisture resistance and electrical conductivity.
Perovskite solar cells are a promising photovoltaic technology that has seen rapid increases in efficiency from 3.8% in 2009 to 19.3% in 2014. Perovskites have a unique crystal structure and can be prepared through various methods like spin coating and inkjet printing. They offer benefits such as high absorption, tunable bandgaps, and flexibility. However, challenges remain around stability issues from oxygen, moisture, UV light and heat that can be addressed through material engineering and encapsulation. With further research into replacing lead and improving stability, perovskite solar cells have the potential to become a leading solar technology of the future.
The document discusses electron configuration in atoms and quantum numbers. It explains that the four quantum numbers - principal quantum number (n), orbital quantum number (l), magnetic quantum number (ml) and spin quantum number (ms) uniquely specify the electron state in an atom. It also mentions Pauli's exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. The document then discusses band theory of solids and explains that in solids, the discrete energy levels of individual atoms form energy bands. It describes the valence band, conduction band and forbidden band in semiconductors.
This document provides an overview of electromagnetism and magnetic circuits. It begins by explaining some key electromagnetic principles such as how electric currents generate magnetic fields and how electromagnets work. It then discusses magnetic fields and flux in more detail. This includes the right hand rule, properties of coils, permeability, reluctance, magnetomotive force, and Ampere's and Faraday's laws. Magnetic circuits are also analyzed using an analogy to electric circuits. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate values like magnetic field strength, flux density, and coil current required to achieve a given flux.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
This document discusses conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. It explains that semiconductors are metalloids that have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing electrical conductivity to increase with temperature. Semiconducting elements like silicon and germanium form the basis of solid state electronic devices. Doping semiconductors with other elements can produce either n-type or p-type materials, and joining n-type and p-type materials creates a p-n junction that can function as a rectifier. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and has revolutionized electronics, with integrated circuits continuing to shrink in size following Moore's Law.
There are several types of defects that can arise in solids, including point defects like vacancies and interstitials, line defects like dislocations, and area defects like grain boundaries. The number and type of defects can be controlled through processing parameters and affect the material properties. While some defects are undesirable, others can play important roles like enabling plastic deformation through dislocation motion. Advanced microscopy techniques allow direct imaging of these defect structures at atomic scales.
This document is a project report submitted by Priyanka Verma and Smriti Singh for their Bachelor of Science degree in physics. It discusses elementary particles, including their characteristics, classification, conservation laws, and examples like electrons, positrons, protons, neutrons, pions, and kaons. The report includes certificates of completion from their college principal and physics professors.
Perovskites-based Solar Cells: The challenge of material choice for p-i-n per...Akinola Oyedele
Perovskite-based PV have triggered widespread interest in the scientific community because these materials offer the attractive combinations of low cost and theoretically high efficiency. However, several challenges must be overcome for these relatively new PV materials. Among the many important challenges, one is the choice of materials to be used in thin film PV devices..
Based on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaics, this problem focuses on two aspects of the perovskite system:
1) Based on a planar p-i-n device structure, a potential list of p- and n-type charge collecting layers as well as the conductive contacts that could be used with a promising perovskite absorber material was identified, and a proper justification for the selection of each material in the device was given.
2) Three theoretical p-i-n type solar cells were made with the chosen materials and appropriate conductive contacts.
ECAL provides electronic component testing and analysis services to detect counterfeit components. Their mission is to provide accurate, affordable and quick test results that meet or exceed customer expectations. Services include visual inspection, XRF analysis, x-ray, electrical testing, and more. ECAL aims to eliminate guesswork about component quality through reliable, cost-effective testing of all orders, large and small.
The Test & Measurement Division provides quality solutions for industries such as defense, education, power utilities, and transportation. They identify customer needs and provide tools, training, and high-quality instruments from leading manufacturers to increase productivity. Their products and services include calibration, data acquisition, design for testability, power sources, and production testing solutions.
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS LABORATORY:
A NON-EE/CS iLAB FOR STATIC BENDING TEST
(final year project thesis - presented by ISHOLA Babatunde Isaac, February, 2011)
This presentation “Today's Power Supply; More Than a Battery With a Knob" shows how the features and capabilities of a modern power supply can solve many power problems.
Agilent Technologies offers a broad selection of both bench-friendly and system-ready DC power supplies from 2W to 6600W.
Tektronix and Keithley mainstream product and application update q4 2016 Jeff Sable
This document provides an overview and update of mainstream products from Tektronix and Keithley, including oscilloscopes, power analyzers, SMUs, spectrum analyzers, function generators, power supplies, and DMMs. New products highlighted include the MDO4000C oscilloscope with integrated analog, digital and RF analysis, the TBS2000 oscilloscope, IsoVu for isolated measurements up to 1 GHz, and TekScope Anywhere offline waveform analysis software. The document also discusses applications such as EMI/EMC testing, power analysis, and electrochemistry measurements.
The document describes Cogent ATE's Leopard A Series Analog and Mixed-Signal Test System. It aims to provide low-cost, high-performance multi-site testing through its Floating Quad-Site Testing architecture. This allows independent testing of up to 4 devices simultaneously while avoiding interference through electrically isolated test sites. The system supports a wide range of analog and mixed-signal devices and can scale from single-site to multi-site testing through its Automatic Test Replication technology.
Last Mile Gear is the manufacturer of ruggedized Cyclone wireless network equipment and GPS timing devices and is a reseller of high-quality network equipment.
Boundary scan has become an indispensable technology as engineers like you face increasing test challenges. Agilent is proud to introduce the new x1149 Boundary Scan Analyzer - bringing the best of our technology and vast test experience - to your workbench!
The document discusses Agilent's power meters and sensors for peak and average power measurements. It introduces the Agilent 8990B peak power analyzer which can measure pulse rise/fall times of 5 nanoseconds when used with compatible wideband power sensors, and features automated delay, droop, and pulse spacing measurements. The analyzer allows faster, more accurate pulse measurements and verification of design problems through a graphical display. It is compatible with various power sensors and software.
This document describes test development services provided by SEM, including structural and functional testing. SEM has 15+ years of experience in test engineering and can support various industries. Services include in-circuit testing, boundary scan testing, optical inspection, X-ray inspection, and flying probe testing using equipment from Agilent, Teradyne, Goepel, and others. SEM also develops customized functional test solutions and provides turnkey test systems for applications like IT equipment, communications devices, consumer products, and more.
This document discusses the verification of Intel's Atom processor. It describes the key verification challenges, methodology used, and results. The main challenges were verifying a new microarchitecture with aggressive schedules and limited resources. The methodology involved cluster-level validation, functional coverage, architectural validation, and formal verification. Metrics like coverage, bug rates, and a "health of model" indicator were used. The results showed a successful pre-silicon verification with few escapes and debug/survivability features working as intended. Key learnings included the importance of keeping the full-chip design healthy early and putting equal focus on testability features.
The document describes the Integrated Component Characterization Environment (ICE), a software tool that allows real-time characterization and tuning of active components. ICE integrates a variety of instrumentation like VNAs, oscilloscopes, and power meters. It supports features like calibration techniques, de-embedding, ranging, configurable test sets, tuners, and real-time data displays. ICE provides a platform to build customized measurement setups and integrates with other software environments.
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Swastik Power | Digital Multimeter, Clamp Meter, Voltage Detectors, Infrared ...Indian Market Place
We are in the Wholesaling, Trading, Distributing and Supplying of Digital Multimeter, Clamp Meter, Voltage Detectors, Infrared Thermometer, Test Leads, Electrical Insulators Supplier in Pune (MH) India
The document discusses enhanced equipment quality assurance (EEQA) and equipment health monitoring (EHM) methods to ensure reliable semiconductor manufacturing equipment. It provides:
1) An overview of the EEQA and EHM projects, including goals to reduce equipment variability and efficiently track performance.
2) Details on EEQA approaches like collecting equipment data to validate functional capabilities and monitor variations.
3) The 2011 EHM project timeline and objectives to demonstrate fingerprinting effectiveness using an equipment data model.
4) An equipment fingerprinting pilot to refine use cases and demonstrate the fingerprinting process using real manufacturing data.
Solution Sources Programming is an engineering consulting firm that provides test engineering and functional test solutions. They have a staff of 11 test engineers and work with suppliers to design, build, and support test stations across various industries like electronics, medical devices, wireless products, and more. Their services include developing test strategies, building turnkey test stations, and providing ongoing support.
Radio Frequency Test Stands for Remote ControllersUjjal Dutt, PMP
The document describes the development of four test stands for testing radio frequency remote control components using LabVIEW and LabVIEW Test Executive. Key challenges included the complexity of tests, parallel product and test stand development, and managing a large team. Test stands were developed for transmitter PCB, receiver PCB, receiver assembly, and transmitter assembly. LabVIEW Test Executive provided an easily customizable solution that met requirements like automatic test sequencing and configurable security levels. Individual tests were developed as LabVIEW VIs and integrated into the test sequence using state queues.
Swastik Power | Digital Multimeter, Clamp Meter, Voltage Detectors, Infrared ...Indian Market Place
We are in the Wholesaling, Trading, Distributing and Supplying of Digital Multimeter, Clamp Meter, Voltage Detectors, Infrared Thermometer, Test Leads, Electrical Insulators Supplier in Pune (MH) India
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