The document discusses poverty and unemployment in India. It defines poverty as individuals who cannot meet basic needs like food and shelter due to insufficient income. It also defines unemployment as people who are willing and able to work but cannot find employment. Some key points made include: - Over 350 million people in India still live below the poverty line according to recent UN reports. - Many government schemes have been implemented to reduce poverty and generate employment, such as NREGA, but poverty and unemployment remain significant problems. - Causes of poverty include population growth, lack of economic development, and low levels of education. Causes of unemployment include a lack of job creation and a mismatch between skills and available jobs.

1. Indian Economy

2. N.DHINAKARAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS
VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE
TIRUVEDAKAM WEST
MADURAI DISTRICT - 625234 TAMILNADU

3. Meaning
1. Poverty is that situation in which an indvidiual fails
to earn income sufficient to buy him minimum needs of
subsistence.
2. Poverty means those who are not able to meet basic
needs like food, shelter and cloth is called as poverty.
Definition of Poverty
According to World Bank's poverty is "A person is
considered poor if his or her income level fall below
some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs.”

4.  Just under 385 million children live in extreme
poverty worldwide.
 About 15,000 children die each day before
celebrating their fifth birthday, mostly from
preventable causes.
 Each year, about 100 million are forced into poverty
as a result of health-related expenses.
 About 800 million people still live in extreme
poverty and suffer from hunger.
 At current trends, nine out of 10 of the world’s
children living in extreme poverty will live in sub-
Saharan Africa in 2030.

5.  Niti Aayog's SDG Index 2019, released on December
27, 2019, says that more Indians have fallen into poverty,
hunger and income inequality in the past two years.
 According to Global Multidimensional Poverty Index
(MPI) 2018 report of the UNDP poverty in India reduced
from 635 million poor person in 2005/6 to 364 million
poor person in 2015 / 16.
 Among other things, the report said India still had 364
million MPI poor of which 156 million (34.6%) are
children.
 The Niti Aayog data shows, 22 states and UTs taking a
hit in 2019 over its 2018 index - indicating that poverty
is going up - as presented in the graph below.

6.  The fall ranges from 1 to 18 points. Top big
states to fall are: Bihar and Odisha (minus 12
points), Jharkhand (minus 9), Uttar Pradesh and
Punjab (minus 8), Assam and West Bengal
(minus 5).
 Only two states - Andhra Pradesh (plus 2 points)
and Sikkim (plus 1 point) - saw improvement,
while four - Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh,
Telangana and Maharashtra - saw no change.

8.  1. Absolute Poverty
Absolute poverty refers to the total number of people
living below poverty line.
2. Relative Poverty
Relative poverty refers to poverty of people in
relations to other people, regions or nations.
3.Poverty Line
In poverty line minimum level of consumption
standard is laid down. All those people who fails to
reach this minimum consumption level are poor. In
India Mixed Recall Period method (MRP) is the
prefered method for deciding the poverty line.

9.  Head Count Ratio measures number of poor as the
proportion of people living below the poverty line.
 The rural poor are mainly the land less agricultral
labourers, cultivators with small landholdings,
landowners with small landholdings, landowners
with small landholdings, landless labourers engaged
in non – agricultural jobs.
 The urban poor are mostly those who come from
rural areas in search of better employment
opportunities. They are the causal labouers ,
rickshaw pullers, vendors, etc.
 In India , NSSO complies data on poverty.

10.  Rapid population growth among the poor
 Unemployment and indebtedness
 Low rate of economic development
 Low education
 Inflationary pressures
 Social factors
 High level of migration from rural areas
 Failure to implement land reforms
 Capital deficiency
 Globalisation

11.  1. Effects of Health
 2. Effects on Society
 a. Violence
 b.Homelessness
 c. Stress
 d. Child Labour
 e.Terrorism
 3.Effects on Economy

12.  1. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)
 2. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana ( SGSY )
 3. Employment assurance Scheme (EAS )
 4. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
 5. National social assistance Programme ( NSAP )
 6. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana ( PMGY)
 a) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana ( PMGSY)
 b) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana ( Gramin
Awas)
 c) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana - Rural
Drinking Water Projects

13.  7. Swarnajayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana ( SJSRY)
 8. Indira Awas Yojana ( IAY)
 9. Samagra Awas Yojana
 10. Natural Food for Work Programme ( NFWP)
 11. Annapurna
 12. Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana
 13.Valmiki Abedkar Awaas Yojana ( VAMBAY)
 14. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
( JNNURM)
 15. Shiksha Sahayog Yojana
 16. National Rural Employment Guarantee ( NREG)
 17. National Rural Livelihood Mission ( NRLM)
 18. National Urban Livelihood Mission ( NULM)

14. MEANING
When large number of persons of working age, willing to work and able to work
cannot find employment at the prevailing wage rate.
Definition
According to NSSO defines unemployment as a situation in which all those who
owing to lack of work are not working but either seek work through
employment exchanges, intermediaries, friends or relatives or by making
applications to prospective employers or express their willingness or availability
for work under prevailing condition of work and remunerations.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Meaning
According to NSS defines unemployment rate as the number of persons
unemployed per 1000 persons in the labour force.

15.  There are two types of unemployment
prevailing in India:
 1. Rural unemployment
 2. Urban unemployment
 Rural Unemployment
 1. Open unemployment
 2.Seasonal unemployment
 3.Disguised unemployment

16. 1. Industrial unemployment
2. Educated unemployment
3.Technological unemployment
4.Frictional unemployment
5.Casual unemployment
6.Structural unemployment
7.Cyclical unemployment
8. Chronic unemployment

17. 1. Usual Principal Status (UPS)
2.Current Weekly Status (CWS)
3.Current Daily Status ( CDS)

18.  1. Faulty Employment Planning
 2. Emphasis on Capital Intensive Projects
 3.Excessive Use of Foreign Technology
 4. Lack of Financial Resources
 5. Slow Growth Process
 6. Increase in Labour Force

19.  1. Rise in Poverty
 2.Unemployment is Depressing
 3. Loss of Human Resource
 4. Social Unrest

20.  1. Population Control
 2. Reforms in Education Policy
 3.Diversification of Farm Activities
 4. Development of Villages and Small Industries
( VSI)
 5.Rapid Industrialization

21.  1. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)
 2. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana ( SGSY )
 3. Employment assurance Scheme (EAS )
 4. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
 5. National social assistance Programme ( NSAP )
 6. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana ( PMGY)
 a) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana ( PMGSY)
 b) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana ( Gramin
Awas)
 c) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana - Rural
Drinking Water Projects

22.  7. Swarnajayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana ( SJSRY)
 8. Indira Awas Yojana ( IAY)
 9. Samagra Awas Yojana
 10. Natural Food for Work Programme ( NFWP)
 11. Annapurna
 12. Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana
 13.Valmiki Abedkar Awaas Yojana ( VAMBAY)
 14. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission ( JNNURM)
 15. Shiksha Sahayog Yojana
 16. National Rural Employment Guarantee ( NREG)
 17. National Rural Livelihood Mission ( NRLM)
 18. National Urban Livelihood Mission ( NULM)

23. THANK YOU