The document discusses poverty, including its causes, impacts, and different types. It notes that poverty is associated with poor health and perpetuates illness. Nearly half the world lives on less than $2.50 per day. Poverty results from factors like rural economies, overpopulation, unemployment, lack of education, and natural disasters. It presents examples comparing economic growth in India and South Korea. The document also describes models for addressing poverty, including microfinance programs like the Grameen Bank that provide small loans to the poor without requiring collateral. It concludes by outlining roles for conducting research and policymaking to promote urban microcredit programs in India.

1. Poverty
Presented by Shubham Jain

2. Introduction
Poverty is general scarcity, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount
of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which
includes social, economic, and political elements
Poverty is associated with the undermining of a range of key human
attributes, including health. The poor are exposed to greater personal and
environmental health risks, are less well nourished, have less information
and are less able to access health care; they thus have a higher risk of illness
and disability. Conversely, illness can reduce household savings, lower
learning ability, reduce productivity, and lead to a diminished quality of life,
thereby perpetuating or even increasing poverty
------------------WHO

3. Statistics
• Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than
$2.50 a day. ...
• More than 80 percent of the world's population lives in countries
where income differentials are widening .
• The poorest 40 percent of the world's population accounts for 5
percent of global income.
• According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty.
• More than 660 million people without sanitation live on less than $2
a day, and more than 385 million on less than $1 a day.
• Some 1.8 million child deaths each year as a result of diarrhoea .
• The loss of 443 million school days each year from water-related
illness.

4. In General Terms
• Poverty is hunger.
• Poverty is lack of shelter.
• Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor.
• Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read.
• Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time.
• Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water.
• Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.

5. Types of Poverty
1.Relative Poverty
2. Absolute Poverty
• Under Relative poverty the economic conditions of different regions
or countries is compared. The capita income and the national income
are the two indicators of relative poverty. According to the UNO those
countries are treated poor whose per capita income is less than US
$725 per annum.
• Relative poverty takes into consideration individual social and
economic status compared to the rest of society.
• Absolute poverty refers to the measure of poverty , keeping in view
the per capita intake of calories and minimum level of consumption .
• It refers to the lack of means necessary to meet basic needs such as
food, clothing and shelter .

6. Reasons of Poverty
• Rural economy
• Heavy pressure of population
• Chronic unemployment and underemployment
• Lack of proper industrialization
• Social factors
• Lack of education
• Natural disasters
• Lack of money
• No opportunities Provided

7. Global Map

10. Examples
The average income in India was not much different from South Korea
in 1947, but South Korea became a developed country by the 2000s.
For the first 40 years, India followed the Soviet-style economic
planning, nationalization programs and government ownership of
industry. Its economic growth averaged about 3.5%, while Asian
economies such as South Korea grew on average more than twice that
rate annually. Adjusted for population growth in India, its per capita
income grew at 1.49% annually, while incomes of South Koreans - rich
and poor - rose rapidly.

11. Grameen Bank Microfinance Model
• The Grameen Bank is a Nobel Peace Prize-winning microfinance organization
and community development bank founded in Bangladesh. It makes small loans
(known as microcredit or "grameencredit") to the impoverished without requiring
collateral .
• Grameen Bank originated in 1976, in the work of Professor Muhammad
Yunus at University of Chittagong, who launched a research project to study how
to design a credit delivery system to provide banking services to the rural poor.
Based on his results, in October 1983 the Grameen Bank was authorized by
national legislation as an independent bank. In 2006, the bank and its founder,
Muhammad Yunus, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Programs :-
Village Phone Program ,Housing Loans , Grameen Baybosa Bikash (Grameen
Business Development), Grameen Phone, Grameen Software Limited, Grameen
CyberNet Limited, Grameen Knitwear Limited, and Grameen Uddog (owner of
the brand Grameen Check) , Grameen Danone Foods .

13. Models of Microfinace

14. Conclusion
• Conduct research and be a depository of knowledge related to urban micro
finance in India.
• Train banks, NGOs, urban local bodies, and self help groups
• Frame and steer national policy on urban microcredit
• Act as a refinancing agency
• Design programmes with feasible implementation structures
• Monitor and evaluate both financial and social developments of urban
microcredit
• Coordinate the interests and functions
of Indian and international stakeholder

15. Thank You
Message :- Donate at least 1% of your salary for Poverty free India