Poverty, overpopulation, and malnutrition are linked in a destructive cycle. Poverty leads to poor health, low productivity, and high birth rates, exacerbating overpopulation. Overpopulation strains resources, reducing food security and leading to malnutrition. Malnutrition worsens health and increases mortality rates, perpetuating poverty. Together these factors trap populations in multigenerational deprivation as the conditions of one generation increase the risks for the next. Breaking this cycle requires addressing the socioeconomic drivers of poor health, nutrition, and large family sizes through education, family planning programs, and policies that promote sustainable development.

1. Poverty, Over-population and malnutrition cycle
EDENBURGHINTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
MOHANBASTOLA
ROLL NO:18
BPH4TH SEM.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Poverty is the condition of people
who do not earn enough income to
be able to afford the necessities of
life, which is measured by the poverty
line.
 Condition where people's basic needs
for food, clothing, and shelter are not
being met.

3. Types of Poverty
 Absolute Poverty
It is the extreme kind of poverty involving the chronic lack of basic food,
clean water, health and housing. People in absolute poverty tend to
struggle to live and experience a lot of child deaths from preventable
diseases like malaria, cholera and water-contamination related diseases.
 Relative Poverty
This kind is usually in relation to other members and families in the
society. For example, a family can be considered poor if it cannot afford
vacations, or cannot buy presents for children at Christmas, or cannot
send its young to the university.

4. Contd….
 Situational Poverty (Transitory)
People or families can be poor because of some adversities like
earthquakes, floods or a serious illness.
 Generational or Chronic Poverty
This is a more complicated type and we will see a detailed example here.
This is when poverty is handed over to individuals and families from
generations before them. In this type, there is usually no escape from it, as
people are trapped in its causes and have no access to tools that will help
them get out of it.

5. Causes of poverty:
 Income inequality
 Conflicts and unrests
 Location, adverse ecology
 Natural disasters
 Ill health and disability
 inheritance of poverty
 Education, training and skills
 Gender discrimination
Impact of poverty
 Hunger, Health and Deaths
 Social and Political
 Economic

6. Poverty cycle:
Poor
house
hold
Little food,
unclean
water, no
school
Diseases,
infections, no
energy and
skills to work
Low
productiv
ity
Low or
no
income
Low self
esteem, no
personal
control
High child
births, sick
elderly, more
dependents

7. Malnutrition
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s
intake of energy and/or nutrients. The term malnutrition addresses 3 broad
groups of conditions:
 UNDERNUTRITION, which includes wasting (low weight-for-height),
stunting (low height-for-age) and underweight (low weight-for-age);
 MICRONUTRIENT-RELATED MALNUTRITION, which includes
micronutrient deficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals) or
micronutrient excess; and
 OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY AND DIET-RELATED NONCOMMUNICABLE
DISEASES (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers).

8. Contd….
 Malnutrition usually refers to a number of diseases, each with a specific
cause related to one or more nutrients, for example protein, iodine, vitamin
A or iron. In the present context malnutrition is synonymous with protein-
energy malnutrition, which signifies an imbalance between the supply of
protein and energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure optimal
growth and function.

9. Contd….
 Malnutrition is frequently part of a vicious cycle that includes poverty
and disease. These three factors are interlinked in such a way that
each contributes to the presence and permanence of the others.
Socioeconomic and political changes that improve health and
nutrition can break the cycle; as can specific nutrition and health
interventions

10. Key facts
 Malnutrition, in all its forms, includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight),
inadequate vitamins or minerals, overweight, obesity, and resulting diet-related non-
communicable diseases.
 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight.
 52 million children under 5 years of age are wasted, 17 million are severely wasted and
155 million are stunted, while 41 million are overweight or obese.
 Around 45% of deaths among children under 5 years of age are linked to
undernutrition. These mostly occur in low- and middle-income countries. At the same
time, in these same countries, rates of childhood overweight and obesity are rising.
 The developmental, economic, social, and medical impacts of the global burden of
malnutrition are serious and lasting, for individuals and their families, for communities
and for countries.
----------WHO-16 February 2018

11. Malnutrition cycle

12. Overpopulation
 Overpopulation is the state whereby the human
population rises to an extent exceeding the
carrying capacity of the ecological setting.
 In an overpopulated environment, the numbers
of people might be more than the available
essential materials for survival such as
transport, water, shelter, food or social
amenities. This regularly contributes to
environmental deterioration, worsening in the
quality of life, or even the disintegration of the
population.

13. Causes of Overpopulation
 Decline in the Death Rate:
 More Hands to Overcome Poverty
 Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment
 Immigration
 Lack of Family Planning

14. Effects of Overpopulation
 Depletion of Natural Resources
 Accelerated Habitat Loss and Biodiversity
 Rise in Unemployment, Crime Rate, and Violence
 High Cost of Living/Diminished Quality of Life
 Amplified Climate Change and Global Warming
 Emergence of New Pandemics and Epidemics

15. Solutions to Overpopulation
 Better Education
 Making People Aware of Family Planning
 Tax Benefits or Concessions
 Knowledge of Sex Education

16. Over population cycle:
Consumpti
on of
different
resources
Accessib
ility and
availabil
ity
Food
insecurity
Malnut
rition
Mortalit
y/
Morbidit
y
Poverty
Over
populati
on

17. References:
 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/poverty.html
 http://www.eschooltoday.com/poverty-in-the-world/the-vicious-cycle-of-
poverty.html
 https://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/about/introduction/en/
 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition
 https://www.eartheclipse.com/environment/problems-of-
overpopulation.html
 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-
overpopulation.php

18. THANK YOU.