UN convention on the rights of child and recommendation from world summit from children cairo habitat ii

1. TERM PAPER OF UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS
OF CHILD AND RECOMMENDATION FROM WORLD
SUMMIT FROM CHILDREN CAIRO HABITAT II
SUBMITTED BY:
Mohan Bastola
Roll no: 18
BPH 3rd
Semester
Edenburgh International college
Biratnagar, Morang
Feb 2019
SUBMITTED IN PRACTICAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT IN THE SUBJECT OF PRACTICAL SKILL
DEVELOPMENT OF FAMILY HEALTH, MATERNAL AND
CHILD HEALTH
SUBMITTED TO:
Department of public health
Edenburgh Intenational College
Purbanchal university
Biratnagar, Nepal
Feb 2019

2. UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF CHILD
Introduction
Rights are things every child should have or be able to do. All children have the same rights. These
rights are listed in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Almost every country has agreed
to these rights. All the rights are connected to each other, and all are equally important.
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive, internationally binding
agreement on the rights of children, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly
in 1989. It is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history: all countries have ratified it
with the exception of the United States of America and Somalia. When countries ratify an
international treaty or convention, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, they
enter a binding agreement to meet its provisions and obligations. The UN Convention
acknowledges the family as the fundamental unit of society. It stresses the role of parents as the
primary care-givers with responsibility for the up-bringing of their children and obliges
governments to support parents in fulfilling their essential role.
The UN Convention on the child rights of the child recommends that all governments conduct
child rights impact assessments of all policy and programme decisions that could potentially affect
children as part of their obligations under the UN convention on the rights of the child.
.

3. General Principles of the UN Convention
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has adopted an integrated and holistic approach
to the rights of children. In other human rights instruments, economic, social and cultural rights
have been dealt with separately from civil and political rights, but in the UN Convention they are
all brought together in an innovative way. The rights are all seen as necessary for the full and
harmonious development of the child’s personality and inherent to the dignity of the child. The
UN Convention consists of 41 articles, each of which details a different type of right. These
rights are not ranked in order of importance; instead they interact with one another to form one
integrated set of rights. That said, special emphasis is given to four articles, known as ‘general
principles’, because they are considered basic to the implementation of all of the other rights
contained within the UN Convention.
The four general principles are:
1. Survival rights: This rights includes the child’s right to life and the needs that are most
basic to existence, such as nutrition, shelter, an adequate living standard, and access to
medical services.
2. Protection rights: Children have the right to be protected from being hurt and mistreated,
physically or mentally. This rights ensure children are safeguarded against all forms of
abuse, neglect and exploitation, including special care for refugee children; safeguards for
children in the criminal justice system; protection for children in employment; protection
and rehabilitation for children who have suffered exploitation or abuse of any kind.
3. Development rights: This rights includes the right to education, play, leisure, cultural
activities, access to information, and freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
4. Participation rights: This rights encompass children's freedom to express opinions, to
have a say in matters affecting their own lives, to join associations and to assemble
peacefully. As their capacities develop, children should have increasing opportunity to
participate in the activities of society, in preparation for adulthood.

4. RECOMMENDATION FROM WORLD SUMMIT FROM CHILDREN
CAIRO HABITAT II
INTRODUCTION
The United Nations World Summit for Children was held in the United Nations Headquarters
in New York City on 29–30 September 1990. The summit had the then-largest-ever gathering of
heads of state and government to commit to a set of goals to improve the well-being of children
worldwide by the year 2000. It was the first time a UN conference had set a broad agenda for a
wide range of goals in health, education, nutrition and human rights.
The main result of the World Summit was the joint signing of a World Declaration on the Survival,
Protection and Development of Children and a Plan of Action comprising a detailed set of child-
related human development goals for the year 2000. The World Summit set the stage for a decade
of high level commitment on issues concerning children around the world and it set the stage for
a series of UN conferences throughout the 1990s on population, environment, food, human rights,
social development and women's rights.
Plan of action
 The Plan of Action is a framework for more specific national and international undertakings.
It addresses every goal individually to ensure the implementation of the Declaration of the
World Summit for Children. It also concentrates on the follow-up and monitoring of the
progression towards accomplishing each goal. The primary responsibility for the
implementation of all goals was given to National Governments. Each country agreed to
develop strategies through National Programs of Action to make sure these 27 global goals
could become national realities. A total of 155 countries developed National Programs of
Action.
Goals Established
There were 27 total goals established. The main objective was to improve child health and survival.
The goals can be divided into six categories: health, survival, women's
health, nutrition, education and protection. These goals were put into action from 1990-2000.
After the ten-year period, world leaders would meet again to review the progress made during the
decade.

5. The goals that are divided into six categories :
1) Health:
1. Polio: Global eradication by 2000
2. Neonatal tetanus: Elimination by 1995
3. Deaths due to Diarrhoea: 50 percent reduction
4. Vitamin A deficiency: Virtual elimination by the year 2000
5. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD): Virtual elimination
6. Elimination of guinea-worm disease (Dracunculiasis) by 2000
7. Measles: Reduction by 95 percent in measles deaths and 90 percent of measles cases by
1995
8. Anaemia: Reduction of iron deficiency Anaemia in women by one-third
9. Routine immunization: Maintenance of a high level of immunization coverage.
2) Survival:
1. Infant and under-5 mortality (U5MR): Reduction by one third in infant mortality and
U5MR
2. Household food security: Dissemination of knowledge and supporting services to increase
food production
3. Acute respiratory infections (Influenza-like illness): Reduction of ARI deaths by one third
in children under five.
3) Women's health:
1. Childbirth care: Access by all pregnant women to prenatal care
2. Breastfeeding: Empowerment of all women to breastfeed their children exclusively for four
to six months and to continue breastfeeding, with complementary food, well into the
second year of life
3. Childbirth care: Access by all pregnant women to referral facilities for high-risk
pregnancies and obstetric emergencies
4. Special attention to the health and nutrition of the female child and to pregnant and lactating
women
5. Maternal mortality: Reduction of the rate by half
6. Low birth-weight: Reduction of the rate of low birth-weight to less than 10 percent

6. 4) Nutrition:
1. Malnutrition: Reduction of severe and moderate malnutrition among under-five children
by half
2. Water: Universal access to safe drinking water
5) Education:
1. Family planning: Access by all couples to information and services to prevent pregnancies
that are too early, too closely spaced, too late, or too numerous.
2. Knowledge skills and values required for better living: increased acquisition by individuals
and families of knowledge, skills and values for better living.
3. Universal access to basic education: Achievement of primary education by at least 80% of
primary school-age children,
4. Universal access to education with an emphasis on primary education for girls and
literacy training for women,
5. Early childhood development (ECD): Expansion of ECD activities, including appropriate
low-cost family and community-based interventions.
6) Protection:
1. Improve protection of children in extremely difficult circumstances
2. Growth monitoring: Growth promotion and regular growth monitoring among children to
be institutionalized in all countries by the end of the 1990s.
Success of Established Goals
 Polio: Global eradication by 2000
 Neonatal tetanus: Elimination by 1995
 Deaths due to diarrhea: 50 percent reduction
 Vitamin A deficiency: Virtual elimination by the year 2000
 Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD): Virtual elimination
 Elimination of guinea-worm disease(Dracunculiasis) by 2000

7. Some Progress of Established Goals
 Infant and under-5 mortality: reduction by one third in infant mortality and Under-5
mortality
 Measles: Reduction by 95 percent in measles deaths and 90 percent of measles cases by 1995
as a major step to global eradication
 Malnutrition: Reduction of severe and moderate malnutrition among under-five children by
half
 Breastfeeding: Empowerment of all women to breastfeed their children exclusively for four
to six months and to continue breastfeeding, with complementary food, well into the second
year of life
 Low birth-weight: Reduction of the rate of low birth-weight to less than 10%
 Family planning: Access by all couples to information and services to prevent pregnancies
that are too early, too closely spaced, too late or too numerous
 Childbirth care: Access by all pregnant women to prenatal care
 Water: Universal access to safe drinking water
 Universal access to basic education: Achievement of primary education by at least 80% of
primary school-age children
 Universal access to education with an emphasis on primary education for girls and literacy
training for women
 Early childhood development (ECD): Expansion of ECD activities, including appropriate
low-cost family and community-based interventions
 Improve protection of children in extremely difficult circumstances
No progress of Established Goals
 Routine immunization: Maintenance of a high level of immunization coverage
 Maternal mortality: Reduction of the rate by half
 Anaemia: Reduction of iron deficiency Anaemia in women by one-third.
Limited data of Established Goals
 There was limited or inconclusive data on the remaining 6 goals.

8. Reference
www.childrensrights.ie
UNICEF