The document discusses poverty in India and globally. It notes that poverty is caused by factors like dependence on primitive agriculture, high population growth, natural disasters, corruption, lack of access to education, and socioeconomic inequalities. Some key statistics provided include that almost half the world lives on less than $2.50 a day, nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read, and 1 billion children live in poverty globally. The effects of poverty mentioned are increased crimes, exploitation of the poor, high population growth, illiteracy, inequality, and migration.