This study examined how multiple factors like pine beetle outbreaks and climate change influence lodgepole pine sapling recruitment along elevation gradients in Rocky Mountain National Park. Field data from 1995 and 2012 was analyzed using linear regression. The results showed elevation and ecotone type affected sapling density, but pine beetle outbreak had no impact. Sapling density was lower in lower elevation ecotones that are warmer and more affected by climate change. As climate continues changing, sapling recruitment will shift upward with the suitable habitat.
A framework for assessing and projecting climate change effects on forest com...Jennifer Costanza
Presented at US-IALE annual meeting in Baltimore, MD. We are using hierarchical classification to produce an empirical set of forest tree assemblages for use in projection, assessment, and monitoring of global change effects on forest communities.
Stability parameters for comparing varieties (eberhart and russell 1966)Dhanuja Kumar
Phenotype is a result of genotype, environment and GE interaction. GENOTYPE- environment interactions are of major
importance to the plant breeder in developing
improved varieties. The performance of a single variety is not the same in all the environments. To identify a genotype whose performance is stable across environments various models were proposed. One such model was proposed by EBERHART and RUSSELL in 1966. Even after decades, this model is still preferred over others and used till date for stability analysis.
A framework for assessing and projecting climate change effects on forest com...Jennifer Costanza
Presented at US-IALE annual meeting in Baltimore, MD. We are using hierarchical classification to produce an empirical set of forest tree assemblages for use in projection, assessment, and monitoring of global change effects on forest communities.
Stability parameters for comparing varieties (eberhart and russell 1966)Dhanuja Kumar
Phenotype is a result of genotype, environment and GE interaction. GENOTYPE- environment interactions are of major
importance to the plant breeder in developing
improved varieties. The performance of a single variety is not the same in all the environments. To identify a genotype whose performance is stable across environments various models were proposed. One such model was proposed by EBERHART and RUSSELL in 1966. Even after decades, this model is still preferred over others and used till date for stability analysis.
GGEBiplot analysis of genotype × environment interaction in Agropyron interme...Innspub Net
In order to identify genotypes of Agropyron intermedium with high forage yield and stability an experiment was carried out in the Research station of Kermanshah Iran.The 11 accessions were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions during 2013-21-014 cropping deasons. Combined analysis of variance indicated high significant differences for location, genotype and G × E interaction (GEI) at 1% level of probability. Mean comparisons over environments introduced G4, G3 and G5 with maximum forage yield over rainfed and irrigated conditions. Minimum forage yield was attributed to genotype G1. GGEbiplot analysis exhibited that the first two principal components (PCA) resulted from GEI and genotype effect justified 99.37% of total variance in the data set. The four environments under investigation fell into two apparent groups: irrigated and rainfed. The presence of close associations among irrigated (E1 and E3) and rainfed (E2 and E4) conditions suggests that the same information about the genotypes could be obtained from fewer test environments, and hence the potential to reduce testing cost.The which-won-where pattern of GGEbiplot introduced genotypes G3 and G4 as stable with high forage yield for rainfed condition, while G5 was stable with high yield for irrigated condition. According to the comparison of the genotypes with the Ideal genotype accessions G4, G3 and G9 were more favorable than all the other genotypes. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Stability analysis and G*E interactions in plantsRachana Bagudam
Gene–environment interaction is when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different ways. Stability refers to the performance with respective to environmental factors overtime within given location. Selection for stability is not possible until a biometrical model with suitable parameters is available to provide criteria necessary to rank varieties / breeds for stability. Different models of stability are discussed.
Objectives
- Develop an approach to identify the land-surface changes due to wildfires
- Detect land-surface property changes for multiple mega-fires in the U.S.
- Develop a scheme to parameterize the changes
York University Conference talk for Northern Studies Training Program. Presentation examines the cost of facilitation for cushion plants in the alpine.
GGEBiplot analysis of genotype × environment interaction in Agropyron interme...Innspub Net
In order to identify genotypes of Agropyron intermedium with high forage yield and stability an experiment was carried out in the Research station of Kermanshah Iran.The 11 accessions were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions during 2013-21-014 cropping deasons. Combined analysis of variance indicated high significant differences for location, genotype and G × E interaction (GEI) at 1% level of probability. Mean comparisons over environments introduced G4, G3 and G5 with maximum forage yield over rainfed and irrigated conditions. Minimum forage yield was attributed to genotype G1. GGEbiplot analysis exhibited that the first two principal components (PCA) resulted from GEI and genotype effect justified 99.37% of total variance in the data set. The four environments under investigation fell into two apparent groups: irrigated and rainfed. The presence of close associations among irrigated (E1 and E3) and rainfed (E2 and E4) conditions suggests that the same information about the genotypes could be obtained from fewer test environments, and hence the potential to reduce testing cost.The which-won-where pattern of GGEbiplot introduced genotypes G3 and G4 as stable with high forage yield for rainfed condition, while G5 was stable with high yield for irrigated condition. According to the comparison of the genotypes with the Ideal genotype accessions G4, G3 and G9 were more favorable than all the other genotypes. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Stability analysis and G*E interactions in plantsRachana Bagudam
Gene–environment interaction is when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different ways. Stability refers to the performance with respective to environmental factors overtime within given location. Selection for stability is not possible until a biometrical model with suitable parameters is available to provide criteria necessary to rank varieties / breeds for stability. Different models of stability are discussed.
Objectives
- Develop an approach to identify the land-surface changes due to wildfires
- Detect land-surface property changes for multiple mega-fires in the U.S.
- Develop a scheme to parameterize the changes
York University Conference talk for Northern Studies Training Program. Presentation examines the cost of facilitation for cushion plants in the alpine.
FAIRLINE Phantom 40, 2008, £270,000 For Sale Brochure. Presented By yachtinge...Wolfgang Stolle
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Marbella Spain
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من : عبد الرحمن تيشوري – عضو الخبرة الاستشارية – طرطوس
كل عام وانتم ومن تحبون بالف خير ارجو لكم النجاح في حياتكم المهنية والشخصية والاسرية وتقبلوا منا وافر الاحترام والتقدير
سنظل نناضل ضد الفساد في سورية لان جذورنا قوية فيها
- طرطوس – شرق الكراجات الجديدة – هاتف 369100- فاكس 369200
- موبايل - بريد الكتروني ALRAHMANABD@GMAIL.COM
Ik ben Saskia Vugts ( 1963 ) Al jaren schilder ik portretten in opdracht met olieverf. Na mijn opleiding aan de academie voor schone kunsten Arendonk ben ik professioneel portretschilder. Mijn grootste inspiratiebron is de unieke mens. Met liefde probeer ik in ieder portret een hart en ziel te leggen.Op een geheel eigenwijze schilder ik mijn portretten op de authentieke manier met een knipoog naar modern design. Voorheen tekende ik portretten met pastel, ik maak ook dierportretten in opdracht. Aan een Portretopdracht gaat een fotoshoot vooraf. Waar veel energie ingestoken wordt, het is belangrijk om een goed beeld van de te portretteren persoon te krijgen. Na een aantal maanden is het te vervaardigen portret klaar. Voor meer informatie kijk op mijn persoonlijke website
www.saskiavugts.nl
Assessing the Impact of Blister Rust Infected Whitebark Pine in the Alpine Treelines of Glacier National Park and the Beartooth Plateau, U.S.A. Presented by Emily Smith-Mckenna at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
Growth and increase of a Pinuspatula plantation with fertilization and thinni...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Thinning and fertilization of forest plantations are forestry practices that are necessary to obtain an increase in the annual volume growth, mean increment and periodic increment (AMI and API) which allow shortening the commercial shift maintaining the same volumes at the time of harvest. In this study, the effect of thinning and fertilization on the growth and increase in Pinuspatula plantations was evaluated, which were established in 1998 in Huayacocotla, Veracruz, Mexico. A 22 factorial experiment was set up in the plantation in order to evaluate the thinning and fertilization factors with two levels each. The experimental unit was a 10x10 m plot. Three repetitions were established per treatment. An residual basal area of 21m2 ha-1was obtained in the thinned plots of the plantation. The average basal area in the unthinned plots was 42 m2 ha-1. The fertilization doses were: 1.4; 0.4; 8.34 kg of urea, calcium triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. Fertilization (treatment 3) increased the volume and the AMI 2012, 2013 and 2014. Thinning (treatment 2) tended to increase the API slightly.
Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...Shujaul Mulk Khan
This study quantified the effect of environmental variables on plant species composition in the Peochar Valley, located in the Hindu Raj mountains of the Hindu Kush. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. Quadrat sizes were 10 × 10 m, 2 × 5 m, and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively, determined using the minimal area method. Twenty-seven stations were established along 6 elevation transects on slopes with various aspects. Density, cover, and frequency were recorded for all species in each quadrat. Aspect, elevation, rock types, soil nature, and grazing pressure were also considered as edaphic and topographic variables. Preliminary results showed that the Peochar Valley hosts 120 species. Presence/absence data for these species were analyzed with cluster and 2-way cluster techniques to elaborate species composition in the study area; this resulted in 4 plant communities. Species abundance and environmental data matrices were developed to evaluate the ecological gradient of vegetation through canonical correspondence analysis. Of the environmental variables, elevation, aspect, grazing pressure, soil depth, and rock type showed a significant effect on species composition and diversity. We also identified the dominant and rare plant species in each plant community based on their low importance value indexes. Conservation measures are recommended for all flora of this valley and for rare species in particular.
Vegetation dynamics in the western himalayas, diversity indices and climate c...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Vegetation provides the first tropic trophic level in mountain ecosystems and hence requires proper documentation and quantification in relation to abiotic environmental variables both at individual and aggregate levels. The complex and dynamic Himalayas with their varying climate and topography exhibit diverse vegetation that provides a range of ecosystem services. The biodiversity of these mountains is also under the influence of diverse human cultures and land uses. The present paper is not only first of its kind but also quite unique because of the use of modern statistical techniques for the quantification of Diversity Indices of plant species and communities. The vegetation was sampled in three categories, i.e., trees, shrubs and herbs, as follows: a height of ≥ 5m were classified in the tree layer, shrubs were all woody species of height 1m and 5m and, finally, the herb layer comprised all herbaceous species less than 1m in height. The presence/absence of all vascular plants was recorded on pre-prepared data sheets (1, 0 data). For the tree layer, the diameter of trees at breast height was measured using diameter tape. Coverage of herbaceous vegetation was visually estimated according to Daubenmire and Braun Blanquet methods. It gives overall abundance of vascular plants on one hand and composition of these species on the other. Data was analysed in Canonical Community Coordination Package (CANOCO) to measure diversity indices of plant communities and habitat types. Results for five plant communities/habitat types indicated that plant biodiversity decreased along the altitude. Shannon Diversity Index values range between 3.3 and 4. N2 index and Index of Sample Variance were also designed. All of these Diversity Indices showed the highest values for the communities/habitats of north facing slopes at middle altitudes. Higher plant diversity at these slopes and altitudes can be associated to the period of snow cover which is longer and a relatively denser tree cover as compared to the southern slopes and hence the soil has high moisture which supports high biodiversity in return. Global warming causes desertification in number of fragile mountain ecosystem around the globe. These findings suggest that species diversity decreases along the measured ecological gradient under the influence of deforestation coupled with global climatic change.
Presentation by Dr. James M. Vose to support the Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center Workshop held January 12-14, 2016
24th Congress for Conservation Biology, Canada 2010
poster final
1. Introduction
Climate warming is believed to shift the climate
envelope of trees upward in elevation, changing
forest dynamics (Benavies et al. 2013). Mountain
pine beetle disturbance may also affect the
number of new saplings.(Overpeck et al. 1990). By
examining changes in trees at an individual scale,
there should be a change in recruitment patterns.
This research will provide information on what
drives change in forest composition so we can
better manage national parks.
Objectives
This study looks at how multiple factors interact
to influence vegetation patterns along transects
(upper and lower range margins of lodgepole
pine). We are looking at how the number of new
lodgepole pine saplings is affected by
1) Pine beetle outbreak, and
2) Climate change
Methods
• Field sampling was conducted in Rocky
Mountain National Park in 1995 and 2012. Each
transect was made up of plots and oriented
along an elevation gradient.
• Plot maps from 1995 and 2012 containing trees
with their species type and diameter at breast
height were used to match trees from each
year to track growth, recruitment of individual
trees on each transect.
• We fit a linear regression with log(sapling
density) as the response variable; pine beetle
severity, elevation, and ecotone type as
predictors, and all possible interactions. We
compared average sapling density at lower vs.
upper range margins using a t-test.
Results
Benavides R, Rabasa SG, Granda E et al. (2013) Direct and
indirect effects of climate on demography and early growth of
Pinus sylvestris at the rear edge: Changing roles of biotic and
abiotic factors (ed Moora M). PLoS ONE, 8, e59824.
Beniston, M., Diaz, H. & Bradley, R. (1997) Climatic change at
high elevation sites: an overview. Climatic Change, 36, 233–251.
Overpeck J, Rind D, Goldberg R (1990) Climate-induced changes
in forest disturbance and vegetation. Nature, 343, 51–53.
Raffa KF, Aukema BH, Bentz BJ, Carroll AL, Hicke JA, Turner
MG, Romme WH (2008) Cross-scale drivers of natural
disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The
dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience, 58, 501–517
Discussion
• The lack of mountain pine beetle effect on
the number of saplings could be due to the
short time span between outbreaks and
measurements. If we return in the future
we could expect to see more sapling
recruitment to re-establish the forest after
the disturbance.
• The low sapling densities on lower elevation
ecotones is due to climate warming, making
lower elevations less suitable. Trees will
migrate upward towards cooler elevations
that are more climatically suitable.
• As multiple disturbances continue to
interact, sapling recruitment will change.
Climate warming and beetle outbreaks will
shift the envelope upward in elevation and
change the definitions of suitable habitats.
More saplings will continue to grow in
higher elevations after disturbances and
change the forest structure and ecosystem.
References
• The final regression model included
elevation, ecotone type, and
elevation*type as predictors.
• Mountain pine beetle was not included.
This suggests that it does not have an
impact on sapling density.
• The relationship between elevation and
sapling density varied by ecotone type
(Figures 1-4).
0
25
50
75
100
-1 0 1
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
• There is a lot of variability in the number of
saplings found across ecotone types.
• The mean number of saplings per hectare was
lower at lower elevation ecotones, which are
warmer (mean 18.75 +/- 6.25 saplings/ha).
There were more saplings on the two upper
elevation ecotone types (mean 75 +/- 17.67
saplings/ha). The t-test indicated a significant
difference in sapling density (p =.015)(Fig. 6).
0
50
100
150
-1 0 1
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
0
25
50
75
100
-1 0 1
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
0
30
60
90
LPPP LPDF LPSF LPLB
Ecotone TypeSaplings/ha
The interaction of multiple factors: pine beetle outbreak, climate
change, and effects on forest composition
Angela Jensen. Katie Renwick
0
25
50
75
100
-1 0 1
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
0
25
50
75
lower upper
Range Margin
Saplings/ha
Saplings/ha
Standardized Elevation
Figure 1- LPLB
Figure 2- LPSF
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
Figure 3- LPDF
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
Figure 4- LPPP
Standardized Elevation
Saplings/ha
Figure 5
Figure 6
Ecotone Type
Saplings/haSaplings/ha
Ecotone Type
