POST CONSTRUCTION WASTE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

1. Copyright@Duyguerten-2023
CIRCULAR ECONOMY APPROACHES IN POST
EARTHQUAKE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Associate Prof. Dr. Duygu Erten, P.E., BREEAM Fellow,
DGNB Auditor, C2C, LEED AP
duyguerten2050@gmail.com

2. z
OUTLINE ANAHAT
1) Introduction to Circular Economy (CE)
2) Principles of CE (5 min)
3) Construction & Demolition Waste (10 min)
4) LEVEL(S) (10 min)
5) Post Disaster Waste (Earthquakes) (15 min)
6) CE approaches to Earthquake Waste
Management System (WMP) (10 min)
1) Döngüsel Ekonomiye Giriş (DE)
2) DE İlkeleri
3) İnşaat ve Yıkım Atıkları (İ&YA)
4) LEVEL(S)
5) Afet Sonrası Atık (Deprem Atıkları)
6) Deprem sonrası Atık Yönetim
Planlamasına DE yaklaşımları

3. z Circular economy is
based on three
principles
▪ Principle 1: keep products
and materials in use
▪ Principle 2: design out waste
and pollution
▪ Principle 3: regenerate
natural systems
▪ İlke 1: Ürünleri ve
malzemeleri kullanımda tutun
▪ İlke 2: Atık ve kirliliği ortadan
kaldırın
▪ İlke 3: Doğal sistemleri
yenileyin
Döngüsel
ekonomi üç ilkeye
dayanır

4. z
z
RECYLING
GERİ DÖNÜŞÜM
Recycling still matters... but there are many circular
economy approaches to keep (or improve!) the value
of your brand and products.
Geri dönüşüm hala önemli... ancak markanızın ve
ürünlerinizin değerini korumak (veya geliştirmek!) için
birçok döngüsel ekonomi yaklaşımı vardır.

5. z
Principle 1: keep products and materials in use
İlke 1: Ürünleri ve malzemeleri kullanımda tutun
Circulating products and materials
means keeping them in use at their
highest value. It avoids the costs of
extracting and creating materials, and of
disposing of waste.
A circular product is one that consumers
can use for as long as possible. When
the product wears out, its parts can be
reused, or the product remanufactured
(remade). At the end of the product’s life,
its raw materials can be fully recycled..
Ürün ve malzemelerin dolaşıma sokulması,
onları en yüksek değerlerinde kullanımda tutmak
anlamına gelir. Malzemelerin çıkarılması ve
oluşturulması ve atıkların bertaraf edilmesi
maliyetlerinden kaçınır.
Döngüsel bir ürün, tüketicilerin mümkün
olduğunca uzun süre kullanabileceği bir üründür
Ürün yıprandığında, parçaları yeniden
kullanılabilir veya ürün yeniden üretilebilir
(yeniden yapılabilir). Ürünün ömrünün sonunda,
hammaddeleri tamamen geri dönüştürülebilir.

6. z
Principle 2: design out waste and pollution
İlke 2: Atık ve kirliliği ortadan kaldırın
▪ CE sees waste as a design
flaw that causes us to use
more resources than we
need. Overusing resources
results in volatile prices,
shortages, and ecological
damage. By designing out
waste, CE lets businesses
create value without using up
finite resources.
▪ DE, atıkları ihtiyaç
duyduğumuzdan daha fazla
kaynak kullanmamıza neden
olan bir tasarım hatası olarak
görüyor. Kaynakların aşırı
kullanımı değişken fiyatlara,
kıtlıklara ve ekolojik hasara
neden olur. DE, atıkları
tasarlayarak, işletmelerin
sınırlı kaynakları kullanmadan
değer yaratmalarını sağlar.

7. z
Principle 3: regenerate natural systems
İlke 3: Doğal sistemleri yenileyin
A circular economy supports
natural processes and lets
nature flourish. CE encourages
regenerative systems as well as
economic gains. Positive side
effects include regenerating soil,
well-managed water resources
and thriving biodiversity.
▪ Döngüsel bir ekonomi doğal
süreçleri destekler ve doğanın
gelişmesine izin verir. DE,
ekonomik kazanımların yanı
sıra rejeneratif sistemleri de
teşvik eder. Olumlu yan
etkiler arasında yenilenen
toprak, iyi yönetilen su
kaynakları ve gelişen biyolojik
çeşitlilik sayılabilir.

8. z
RECYCLING/GERİ DÖNÜŞÜM
Recycling begins at a product's
end-of-life. CE focuses on the
beginning of life: it prevents waste
from being created in the first
place. About 80% of the
environmental impact of a product
is locked in when it is designed.
Creating circular products
involves changing the way we
choose materials and design,
produce, and distribute products.
Geri dönüşüm, bir ürünün kullanım
ömrünün sonunda başlar. DE,
yaşamın başlangıcına odaklanır: ilk
etapta atıkların oluşmasını önler.
Bir ürünün çevresel etkisinin
yaklaşık % 80'i, tasarlandığı zaman
ortaya konmuştur.
Döngüsel ürünler oluşturmak,
malzemeleri seçme ve ürünleri
tasarlama, üretme ve dağıtma
şeklimizi değiştirmeyi içerir.

9. z
NEW PRODUCTS: GREENCELL FOAM

10. z
Incorporation of circular economy approaches in construction and demolition waste management (Sharma, 2021)

12. Sürdürülebilir atık yönetimi, herhangi bir yeşil iş stratejisinin
önemli bir parçasıdır. Tüm dünyada, tehlikeli atıkların
mümkün olan en güvenli şekilde ele alınmasını sağlamak için
bir çok çalışmalar var..(ISWA). AB'nin Atık Çerçeve Direktifi,
Üye Devletlerin belediye atıklarının %50'sini ve inşaat
atıklarının %70'ini geri dönüştürmelerini bekliyor. Avrupa
Komisyonu, Avrupa Yeşil Anlaşması kapsamında Döngüsel
Ekonomi Eylem Planı'nı kabul etti. Bu plan sürdürülebilir
tüketimi teşvik etmekte, böylece kullanılan kaynakların
ekonomide mümkün olduğunca uzun süre tutulmasını
hedeflemektedir.
.
Sustainable waste management is an important part of any
green business strategy. All over the world, there is a lot of
work to ensure that hazardous waste is handled in the
safest way possible (ISWA). The EU's Waste Framework
Directive expects Member States to recycle 50% of
municipal waste and 70% of construction waste. The
European Commission has adopted the Circular Economy
Action Plan under the European Green Deal. This plan
promotes sustainable consumption so that the resources
used are kept in the economy for as long as possible

15. RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND CIRCULAR MATERIAL

16. z
Indicator 2.2. construction and demolition waste
and materials
Concerning construction waste management, Level(s) uses the EU CDW management guide
published in 2018. While examining the chemical components of materials in more detail:
LEED complies with American National Standards Institute/Business +Institutional Furniture
Manufacturers Association (ANSI/BIFMA) , American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),
and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) standards.
In BREEAM, different waste components are thoroughly investigated by different standards (e.g.,
EN 13055 for Coarse aggregate, EN 12620 for Concrete fine aggregate, EN 13043 for Asphalt
aggregate etc.).
In DGNB, using Standard Building Components (SBC) and the EU Biocides Regulation 528/2012
(EU BPR) help smooth the process of recovering and recycling C&D waste.
For projects that cannot meet essential requirements related to the recyclability and reusability of
products, it is mandatory to go along with European Directive 2008/98/EC and Directive
2000/76/EC.

17. KEŞİF (BOQ)
BOQ, öncelikle şu
göstergeleri en faydalı
şekilde desteklemek için
üretilmiştir:
• Yaşam Döngüsü GWP,
• İnşaat ve Yıkım Atıkları
tahminleri ve Yaşam
Döngüsü Maliyetlendirme
• Binanın ana bileşenleri
olan malzemeleri (cam,
beton, tuğla, çelik vb.)
ayırır ve Yaşam Döngüsü
Analizi ve Maliyet Analizi
envanterinin bir kısmını
sağlar, ayrıca İY&A atıkları
için tahminlerde bulunur.
BOQ is primarily built to
support the following
indicators in the most
beneficial way:
Life Cycle GWP, Construction
and Demolition Waste
Estimates and Life Cycle
Costing
It separates the materials
(glass, concrete, brick, steel,
etc.) that are the main
components of the building
and provides part of the Life
Cycle Analysis and Cost
Analysis inventory, as well as
estimates for CDW waste.

18. İNŞAAT ve YIKIM ATIĞI (İ&YA) ve MALZEME KONSEPTLERİ
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE (CDW) and MATERIAL CONCEPTS

19. İNŞAAT VE YIKIM ATIKLARINDA 6 ANA KONSEPT
6 MAIN CONCEPTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

20. Treatment flow of disaster waste (Tabata,
2017 and Kumamoto Prefectural
government, Disaster Waste Management
Plan for 2016)

21. z
POST EARTHQUAKE REALITY/DEPREM
SONRASI GERÇEKLERİ

22. z
z WASTE MANAGEMENT
Earthquakes depending on their magnitude,
epicenter location, local construction
characteristics, and many other features,
earthquakes may generate large amounts of
debris and waste.
The large amounts of debris generated after
the disaster become one of the main
problems for people facing health issues and
the need to reconstruct the city. Proper
characterization and quantification of debris,
subsequent waste management and
reconstruction planning are essential for the
restoration of an area affected by an
earthquake (Torres, 2016)

23. z
A research using case study to test the
methodological approach
Torres et. al (2017) developed a methodological approach to characterize,
quantify and forecast the debris produced as a consequence of
earthquakes, as well as the flow of materials required for the
reconstruction of the area affected.
The proposed methodology includes a residential
infrastructure characterization stage, a probabilistic estimation of damage
by characterizing the vulnerability functions using CAPRA-GIS tool, and
material flow analyses (MFA) for the characterization and quantification of
debris associated with the event of an earthquake and for new materials
for the reconstruction stage (Torres et al.i, 2017)

24. z
Forecasting debris generation
after a seismic event.
Debris and risk map, help identify the most damaged areas/dwellings to prioritize for urgent
reconstruction and allows for the establishment of effective delivery routes for new construction
materials. The method helps to estimate the amount of new materials required in the reconstruction
phase and inform governments whether the affected area has sufficient capacity to supply
materials from domestic sources. Furthermore, it is possible to designate areas for landfills as well as
possible debris treatment plans, and recycling or reuse procedures in the end-of-life stage.
Moreover, the methodology was applied to a case study with satisfactory results. High amounts of
clay, steel and concrete were found in the material stock of the studied location as well in the debris
generated. In the highest seismic scenario, 204,000 tonnes of concrete, 7400 tonnes of steel and
461,000 tonnes of clay brick from in the residential sector were transformed into debris. Also, the most
affected dwellings and areas identified in georeferenced map and the MFA provided an estimation of
flows based on selected end-of-life options and regional import of materials (e.g., cement, steel, brick
and wood) for the reconstruction phase.

25. z
A CASE study carbon footprint and the
economic impact
Amato et al.(2019) assessed different strategies of waste management, estimating the carbon
footprint and the economic impact, in order to define the best choices. Overall, different
management options can be applied, that have different costs and impacts on the environment: a
temporary storage site could be used, rubbles can be treated through different technologies (either
simple crushing or advanced refining), and the treatment can be carried out at different distances
from the site of the event.
The environmental impact assessment evidenced the importance of an in-situ pre-treatment of the
rubbles and of an enhanced refining, addressed at the achievement of high quality inert. On the
other hand, the economic analysis suggests that the best option is to transport everything to the
treatment site, and to carry out a simple treatment of the rubbles. Consequently, their assessment
resulted in conflicting conclusions, where an enhanced treatment of the rubbles is positive, from an
environmental point of view, but negative, for the increase in the management costs. The economic
criteria are currently pushing any decision taken by the emergency managers; however, the
environmental load may have a long-term effect with even more significant economic
consequences, and it cannot be neglected.

26. z
z
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Frameworks were developed (OCHA, 2011; Cantégrit et al., 2014) to provide waste
management with operational keys to prevent post-natural disaster waste, and to manage it.
It was intended to help stakeholders to avoid health and environmental risks, and
return to normal conditions as soon as possible.
The quality and amount of waste can be estimated by
studying technical documentation for manufacturing and building
materials; knowledge on the territory (e.g., urban or rural,
apartment blocks or detached housing, types of activity in the area
affected); field surveys.
The information collected will allow implementing waste pre-
vention actions, dimensioning temporary storage sites for treating
post-disaster waste, organising collection and anticipating the
possibilities of sorting.

27. z
1. Waste storage areas obtained by clearing
roads: roads will be cleared in order to get the
traffic moving again; waste will be stored close
to traffic lanes in sealed areas
2.Repositories of post-disaster waste organised
spontaneously by the population affected. These
areas are rapidly implemented to
maintain control of flows, risks and facilitate the
evacuation of spontaneous contributions. Areas
used to implement initial waste sorting.
3. Temporary waste treatment sites are
necessary to prevent environmental dispersion
and limit the onset or spread of health
and environmental risks related to uncontrolled
storage.
Three types of post-disaster waste assembly
areas have been
identified:
An example of temporary waste treatment site organisation is given in Fig with 5 types of waste
sorting and distinct areas for inhabitants and local authorities to deal with waste and rainwater
recovery (Denot 2011).

29. z
ORGANIZATION IS THE KEY AFTER
EARTHQUAKE
Inhabitants must be informed of the organisation of post disaster management:
• information on the preventive action to be
implemented, sorting of waste to be shipped, and the location of
areas for grouping post-disaster waste..
• Waste storage areas, monitoring and controlling waste must be established. Once the
waste has been transferred to recycling plants and waste dumps, it is
necessary to rehabilitate the post-disaster waste storage areas.
•
To ensure the transparency and traceability of waste and
improve existing practices, a comprehensive report of waste management is carried out.

30. z
Data analysis enables to:
• compare theoretical and real waste qualities and quantities,
• calculate recovery and disposal rates for each type of waste,
• calculate the real costs of managing: collection, transport, storage
• dispatch waste to recycling plants and waste dumps,
• identify malfunctions (e.g., coordination between actors, bottlenecks in waste
streams),
• propose paths for improvement.

31. Disaster waste management (DWM)
has no durable sustainable business
model for the team of government
regulator and cleanup contractor.
As noted by Ibrahim (2016) and
Eichholtz, Kok, and Quigley (2010),
contractors may not be aware of the
business potential that lies within the
reclaimed materials.

33. z
MEXICO EARTHQUAKE –A POST
DISASTER FRAMEWORK
Padilla and Angles (2021) proposes a methodological framework for developing countries,
which allows us to move from reactive actions made in response to an earthquake to temporary
strategies that allow the removal of waste to be sent to possible recyclable processing
centers, in accordance with current regulations in the country.
Based on the importance of analyzing the different waste from collapsed buildings,
rubble and domestic waste, the authors made the estimations always separating these
two elements, since it is considered that the union of these different types of waste makes
recycling planning difficult.
In terms of the capacity installed to earthquake waste management, after the 2017
Earthquake in Mexico based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that recyclable
processing companies in Mexico dedicated to rubble, white goods, biodegradable waste
and metals have a reception and processing capacity above 100% of the estimated earth-
quake waste.

34. z
BEST PRACTICES
After the triple disaster of the 2011 Tohoku
Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan, that
cascaded a serious disaster at a nuclear
power plant at Fukushima, the government
worked with scientists to create a manual to
reuse and recycle all the co-mingled debris,
even the radioactive materials, for safe
handling and to ensure they do not take up
precious land space for vast landfills (Asari
et al., 2013)

35. z
WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Natural disaster extent is difficult to estimate. Waste manage-
ment is often overlooked. Feedback on recent natural disasters
has shown the importance of the issues related to the management
of post-natural disaster waste. Large amounts of waste must be
managed quickly to restore road communications and local econ-
omy, return to normality as soon as possible, and control health
and environmental risks.
Thus the authorities responsible for
organising the management of post-natural disaster waste require
methodological and operational tools to prevent the production of
waste, and anticipate its collection, transport and treatment
according to the goals of waste management policies. These tools
must allow controlling (Waste Management-Editorial, 2016)

36. z
z
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
▪It is critical to control the scattering of
harmful asbestos fibers during a rescue
and recovery mission after a building
collapses, as the scatted dust is harmful
to workers and residents. Kim et al.
(2020) studied the amount of asbestos
fibers that can be generated by scattering
secondarily in a post-disaster situation
was measured over time. The scattering
of asbestos fibers can be suppressed and
the concentration of asbestos fibers in the
air can be reduced by spraying water or
asbestos stabilizer onto the surface of
broken ACRS (Kim, 2020).

37. z
z
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Meanwhile, the disaster control
tower (e.g., central and local
governments) should take
measures to improve the disaster
contamination control program,
considering the facts mentioned
above. The results of this study
are applicable not only in
developed countries, in which
asbestos was widely used, but
also in developing countries.
Furthermore, field workers
(firefighters, public officials) should be
given orientation on the
danger of asbestos dust and its
secondary scattering. Finally, during
rescue operations, workers must wear
dust-free coveralls and other
protective equipment, including a
mask attached with a HEPA (high
efficiency particulate air) filter, and
sanitary facilities (locker room,
showers, asbestos cartridge filter)
should be provided to minimize the
damage from asbestos and harmful
dust

38. AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
It is time for the demolition industry to quickly find ways to keep
construction waste in use at a capacity projected for a large-scale
disaster in which the volume of incoming debris sources will exceed
normal operational parameters.
In each disaster zone, the newly established ENVIRONMENTAL
AGENCY in Türkiye can serve as focal points for economic activity and
material centers by establishing recycling platforms.
The rapid adoption of circular principles in the world of CDW will enable
greater flexibility in material operations, shorter distances in logistics,
and a flexible flow of resources, in situations where access to
international resources or is isolated from access disruptions.

39. ''6306 Sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi
Hakkında Kanun, 16 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde kabul edilmiş ve 31
Mayıs 2012 tarihinde de Resmi Gazetede yayınlanmıştır. Bu
kanunun amacı, afet riski altındaki alanlar ile bu alanlar dışındaki
riskli yapıların bulunduğu arsa ve arazilerde, fen ve sanat norm
ve standartlarına uygun, sağlıklı ve güvenli yaşama çevrelerini
teşkil etmek üzere iyileştirme, tasfiye ve yenilemelere dair usul
ve esasları belirlemektir.
Kanun; riskli alan içinde veya dışında olup ekonomik ömrünü
tamamlamış olan ya da yıkılma veya ağır hasar görme riski
taşıdığı ilmi ve teknik verilere dayanılarak tespit edilen yapılarla
ilgili gerekli önlemleri alarak, yaşanacak depremlerde can
kayıplarının en aza indirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Kanun, riskli
alanların belirlenmesinden sonra tespit edilen bu alanların
yıkılması gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir. Yine kanuna göre;
riskli alanın bulunduğu bölgenin Valiliği, bunu tespit edip
bakanlık kararıyla belediyeye yıkma talimatı verebilmektedir. Bu
kanuna göre belediyelerin tespit edilen riskli alanları yıkma kararı
alma yetkisi bulunmamaktadır. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı bu
tespit, yıkma ve önlem alma konusunda da sorumlu
tutulmaktadır.
The Law No. 6306 on the Transformation of Areas Under Disaster
Risk was adopted on 16 May 2012 and published in the Official
Gazette on 31 May 2012. The purpose of this law is to determine
the procedures and principles regarding the improvement,
liquidation and renewal of the areas under the risk of disaster and
the lands and lands where there are risky structures outside these
areas in order to create healthy and safe living environments in
accordance with the norms and standards of science and art.
Law aims to minimize the loss of life in earthquakes by taking the
necessary measures regarding the structures that are inside or
outside the risky area and have completed their economic life or
are determined on the basis of scientific and technical data to be
at risk of collapse or severe damage. The law points out the
necessity of demolishing these areas identified after the
identification of risky areas
The law points out the necessity of demolishing these areas
identified after the identification of risky areas. Again according to
the law; The Governorship of the region where the risky area is
located can determine this and instruct the municipality to
demolish it with the decision of the ministry. According to this
law, municipalities do not have the authority to decide to
demolish the identified risky areas. The Ministry of Environment
and Urbanization is also held responsible for this determination,
demolition and prevention.

45. The C&D industry is cost conscious mover in every aspect
of city, regional, and national responses to a declared
disaster.
Continuous innovations in manufacturing and
remanufacturing research and technology are already
coming online across the waste management industry, so
adopting them into the C&D ecosystem is a perfect
application of the principles of the CE.
Education in the processes and business model
innovations will be the key enabler across the spectrum of
operations for both government regulators, like the
emergency managers, and the demolition business
planner and operator (T. Andrews , 2021)

47. MOTTAINAI
Japonlar, atalarından kaynakları, nesneleri / malları / sahip olukları
şeyleri, parayı ve enerjiyi dikkatli bir şekilde kullanma ve onları boşa
harcamama ruhunu miras aldılar. Japonlar "Mottainai" kelimesini
çocukluktan beri çok sık duyduklarından, kaynakları boşa
harcamama konusunda doğal olarak temkinlidirler.
SORULAR:
CIRCULAR ACADEMY
duyguerten2050@gmail.com