This document summarizes a research study on applying the industrial ecology concept to municipal solid waste management in Bandung City, Indonesia. The study found that implementing industrial ecology principles, such as reusing materials and energy from waste, reduced the amount of dumped waste from 18% to 6% of total waste and burned waste from 12% to 7%, while increasing composted waste from 4% to 21%. The research estimated this scenario could generate 370,852 GJ of net energy, equivalent to 103,097 MWh of electricity. It could also reduce global warming potential by 77% compared to conventional waste management practices. The research aims to develop a more sustainable and environmentally-sound waste management concept based on industrial ecology for cities to
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bioenergy production is a promising way to manage the organic waste material while generating the heat and electricity. Anaerobic digestion of the organic material is gaining attraction due to its easy operation and the cost effectiveness. Biogas plant is an efficient bio energy production which mainly practices in developing country to transform waste into gas through the anaerobic digestion. It is a renewable energy source which helps to fulfil the energy need especially for developing country. In this research, the small-scale biogas plant was designed and implemented for household need with cow dung as a substrate. Biogas composition was measured with a multifunctional portable gas analyser. The mean content of methane (CH4) was 63.64% and carbon dioxide (CO2) was 29.04%. Substrate was allowed for store in varying time, i.e., one week, two weeks, and three weeks before the digestion process to increase the bacterial community. The longer the manure/cow dung is stored in a closed container before pass through the digester, the shorter the time for the anaerobic decomposition process.
Study on the Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Waste of Dhaka cityIJERD Editor
With a population of 170 million Bangladesh is considered as the new growing economic force in
the queue of world trade whereas organic solid waste has been increasing on same scale as the population poses
promising use for it as renewable energy resource. This increasing waste is becoming an issue not only for the
lack of space but also due to it being the cause of illness, pollution, destruction of natural beauty of the city. This
research aims to evaluate and estimates the biogas productions from the municipal solid waste (MSW) through
anaerobic digestion processes. Both Biogas production and power generation from MSW can lead the economy
to prosperity. The estimated potentiality to generate electricity from biogas is 207, 873 and 2878 MW/day, in
years 2020, 2025 and 2050 respectively, could help to meet the increasing demand of electricity in urban
Bangladesh.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bioenergy production is a promising way to manage the organic waste material while generating the heat and electricity. Anaerobic digestion of the organic material is gaining attraction due to its easy operation and the cost effectiveness. Biogas plant is an efficient bio energy production which mainly practices in developing country to transform waste into gas through the anaerobic digestion. It is a renewable energy source which helps to fulfil the energy need especially for developing country. In this research, the small-scale biogas plant was designed and implemented for household need with cow dung as a substrate. Biogas composition was measured with a multifunctional portable gas analyser. The mean content of methane (CH4) was 63.64% and carbon dioxide (CO2) was 29.04%. Substrate was allowed for store in varying time, i.e., one week, two weeks, and three weeks before the digestion process to increase the bacterial community. The longer the manure/cow dung is stored in a closed container before pass through the digester, the shorter the time for the anaerobic decomposition process.
Study on the Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Waste of Dhaka cityIJERD Editor
With a population of 170 million Bangladesh is considered as the new growing economic force in
the queue of world trade whereas organic solid waste has been increasing on same scale as the population poses
promising use for it as renewable energy resource. This increasing waste is becoming an issue not only for the
lack of space but also due to it being the cause of illness, pollution, destruction of natural beauty of the city. This
research aims to evaluate and estimates the biogas productions from the municipal solid waste (MSW) through
anaerobic digestion processes. Both Biogas production and power generation from MSW can lead the economy
to prosperity. The estimated potentiality to generate electricity from biogas is 207, 873 and 2878 MW/day, in
years 2020, 2025 and 2050 respectively, could help to meet the increasing demand of electricity in urban
Bangladesh.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Presently most electrical/electronic equipment (EEE) is not designed for recycling, let alone for circulation. Plastics in these products account for 20% of material use, and through better design, significant environmental and financial savings could be gained.
Technological solutions and circular design opportunities already exist, but they haven’t been implemented yet.
Some challenges, such as ease of disassembly, could be resolved through better communication and by sharing learnings across the value chain.
Instead of WEEE, we should focus on developing CEEE: Circular Electrical and Electronic Equipment.
The case examples of this report show how different stages of the lifecycle can be designed so that plastics circulation becomes possible and makes business sense.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCAcivej
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been
marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the
end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and
as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and
developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure
facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for
the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and
operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be
utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition
to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that
may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the
paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based
on the experience gained from the model development.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCAcivejjour
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based on the experience gained from the model development.
An Ex-Ante Evaluation for Solid Waste Treatment Facilities using LCCA civej
The application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) in infrastructure facilities projects has been marginalised so far especially in real-life projects. In many cases, the significance of this tool is not the end result by itself but the improvements that can be made to the infrastructure facility design during and as a result of the LCCA model development. This paper presents lessons-learnt from analysing and developing a LCCA model for an actual integrated municipal solid waste management infrastructure facility using the anaerobic treatment technology and recycling. The development of the LCCA model for the facility involved several distinctive steps such as system analysis and disintegration, maintenance and operation cost data acquisition, identifying relevant performance indicators for each operation that can be utilized in tandem with the LCCA model, setting up serviceability threshold for each operation. In addition to model development description, the paper highlights the requirements needed and the impediments that may be encountered when developing LCCA model for solid waste management facilities. At the end, the paper concludes with providing recommendations for decision makers and researchers in this field based on the experience gained from the model development.
Characterization of environmental impact indices of solid wastes in Surulere...IJMER
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is currently being used in several countries to evaluate
treatment options for specific waste fractions. The application of GaBi5 (Holistic Balancing)
modeling tool is currently apt for the impact assessment of environmental pollution indices arising
from wastes. This study focuses on the characterization of environmental impact indices of solid
wastes in Suurulere, one of the Local Government Area (LGA)s in Nigeria using GaBi5.
Waste classification was carried out in the selected houses of the LGA. Tool for the Reduction and
Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) and the Centre of
Environmental Science, University of Leiden, Netherlands (CML) methods of LCA inventory
assessment were employed in the study. One kg of municipal solid waste of this area was selected
as the functional unit. The Scenario considered in this study with its system boundaries is
Landfilling. It consists of three main steps: Collection, Transportation and Landfilling. GaBi5
modeling tool was used to obtain background data for the life cycle inventory and to analyse the
wastes completely. Four (4) environmental impact indices evaluated are: Global Warming
Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Ozone Depletion
Potential (ODP).
Result of the Scenario’s Environmental Impacts shows that the GWP is characterized in the order:
Biodegradable > Textile > Wood > Paper > plastic > Metal > Glass. The AP followed similar
trend except for paper that is greater than wood wastes. EP has this trend; Metal > Wood > Glass
> Biodegradable > Paper > Textile while for ODP it was Textile > Plastic > Paper > Metal >
Wood > Biodegradable > Glass. The study also showed that when LCA is applied in conjunction
with the waste hierarchy, it can be a useful tool for the planning of municipal waste management
plans as it allows municipalities to directly compare the actual environmental impacts of different
technologies and planning options. Furthermore, through system expansion, a consequential
approach to LCA may encourage municipalities to integrate waste management with processes in
other sectors. The GaBi software of LCA solves the problem of imprecision involved in solid waste
decision making. The study concludes that the wastes all have detrimental impacts on the 4
measured categories but the highest pollution threat is on the Global Warming Potential. It is
recommended that Environmental Protection Agencies at all levels should always analyze and
contain the pollution impacts of the solid wastes on the environment
Principal Tools for a Cleaner Chemical Technology, presented at the european ...Patrick VanSchijndel
Principal Tools for a Cleaner Chemical Technology, Process improvements have been tremendous in the last century but production volume increase will overshadow these good results in terms of resource use and environmental impact. It will be important to use the right tools in order to achieve the necessary sustainable development within the industry. These tools should be combinations of exergy analysis, LCA and economic analysis. The focus should be on the development of these combinations and on the teaching of these combinations in engineering curricula.
United Nation's ambassidor's Presentation on World Environmental DayHammadAwan37
"Join us on World Environmental Day as we embark on a transformative journey towards a sustainable and green future. Our presentation, curated by the esteemed United Nations member, delves into the crucial realms of environmental protection, sustainability, and the promotion of lush greenery for a healthier planet.
This impactful presentation will shed light on the 3Rs method—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle—as a cornerstone for responsible consumption and waste management. Discover innovative techniques and strategies to minimize our ecological footprint and foster a circular economy that ensures the longevity of our precious resources.
Together, let's explore actionable steps to safeguard our environment, mitigate climate change, and create a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural world. This World Environmental Day, be part of the global movement for a greener, more sustainable tomorrow."
This content covers the necessary theories and related mathematical problems of Solid Waste Management Course which basically is prepared for the undergraduate students of BSc in Civil Engineering program.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
Bz24511515
1. Budi Heri Pirngadi, Sulistyoweny Widanarko, Setyo Moersidik / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.511-515
The Industrial Ecology Concept for Municipal Solid Waste
Management A review of waste management in Bandung City,
Indonesia
Budi Heri Pirngadi*, Sulistyoweny Widanarko**, Setyo Moersidik***
*( Environmental Science Study Program, University of indonesia, Indonesia,)
** (Department of Civil Engineering , University of Indonesia, Indonesia)
***(Department of Civil Engineering , University of Indonesia, Indonesia )
ABSTRACT
The concept of industrial-ecology in waste source for the city are from: settlement 65.56%,
management re-utilize the potential of market 18.77 %, road 5.52%, commercial area
waste materials and energy in the waste flow 5.99%, institution 2.81%, and industrial 1.35%.
of waste in the waste management system itself. According to a report in 2007 on the recapitulation of
Potential energy and waste transportation data per month, transported
materials are utilized to reduce the problems that waste volume for one year was at 2,567.35 m3/day or
arise in a conventional solid waste management by only approximately 37%.
waste retreatment using waste
management facilities and change the waste into b. Problems
energy. Using the concept, the results of the The limitation of waste management in
research show that based on 2009’s data of waste Bandung is caused by two issues, which are the lack
from Bandung, the dumped waste of operational funds for waste management and lack
in the source was originally 18% of total waste, of available land that can be utilized for waste final
now decreased to 6%; previously burned waste of disposal (landfill). These create on poor waste
12% from the total waste decreased to 7%; while management by the local government resulting in
composted waste increased from only 4% to more carelessly waste dumping and led to
21%. The industrial-ecology concept in waste environmental problems, such as pollution to water
management has also potential to produce energy. bodies, air pollution, and soil contamination.
The results of the research show that the net The ‘Industrial Ecology’ is a relatively new
energy from the waste management using concept, often applied by industrial practices. This
industrial-ecology scenario is 370,852 GJ. It is concept aims to further streamline the processes that
a potential in producing electrical energy occur in industrial systems. As it happens in the
equivalent to 103,097 MWh. The change of ecosystem, the use of materials and energy on an
managed waste volume is also beneficial to activity, by-products, and even waste are reused for
the environment. Using the scenario, the global other processes.
warming potential (GWP) is
reduced 77% from originally 996,359,307 Kg A similar purpose is developed in this
CO2Eq to 229,824,066 Kg CO2Eq. research. It is expected that using the industrial
ecology concept, waste management - particularly in
Keywords: global warming potential, industrial- urban areas, can be more efficient in its resources use
ecology, net energy, re-utilize by reusing materials and energy that are still
available in the waste. So they can be used for other
1. Introduction process or for other activities, both inside and outside
of the waste management system (through recycling
a. Background and recovery).
Per capita waste production figures
generated in Bandung City was 3 liters/person/day in A main research questions is how the
2009. With a population of 2,335,406 people in the concept of industrial ecology applies for urban waste
city, the total volume of waste generated in 2009 per management? This brings up further research
day was 7000 m3. Waste percentages according its questions, as follows:
511 | P a g e
2. Budi Heri Pirngadi, Sulistyoweny Widanarko, Setyo Moersidik / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.511-515
a. How to identify and track materials and energy known issue - in this case is to explore the
flows in urban waste management? application of the industrial ecology concept in
b. How to identify materials from the waste that municipal solid waste management.
can be reused as raw materials in the waste The research uses survey research methods. The
management system? research begins with the collection of secondary data
c. How to calculate the reduced regarding waste management system in Bandung
impact/environmental damage due to the effort City to obtain the functional elements of waste
of energy recovery from waste material after the management systems that currently exist along with
application of the industrial ecology concept? secondary data collection of energy usage,
d. What is the cost-benefit analysis of waste management cost for each functional element, and
management using industrial ecology approach direct or indirect participation from communities.
compared to conventional waste management? The next stage is primary data collection related to
Benefits for analysis are tangible and intangible the flow of materials and energy in the waste
benefits as a result of reduced material and management system. Observations of waste volume
energy usage, reduced waste management costs, and composition in each functional element are the
and reduced environmental problems after the core of this primary data collection. Once all data are
implementation of the industrial ecology concept collected and well documented, then a life cycle
for the waste management? analysis/inventory (LCA) is carried out. This stage is
intended to generate potentials that can be reused and
c. Research Aims
to calculate environmental pollution from the existing
This study aims to produce a concept of solid waste management system.
waste management based on industrial ecology to
The interpretation of LCA results will be a basis for
support the implementation of sustainable waste
later eco-design which will then be analyzed for cost
management and environmentally sound. The
and benefits to be compared with the current
concept is implemented in the form of eco-design.
practiced conventional waste management.
Prior to reaching the stage of eco-design process, the
research should answer the following questions: 3. Result
a. Prepare a method to track materials and energy The waste management in Bandung City is
in the waste management system. as follows: Total Waste Production (Ts) of 743,541
b. Obtain information about the quantity and tonnes, consisting of waste which is managed at its
quality of materials that can be reused and source by the community of 56% and waste entering
energy that can be recovered, derived from the to the city waste management system of 44%.
overall waste management system. Managements at the source are carried out by buried
c. Obtain information on the quantity of pollutant (32%), burned (21%), carelessly disposed (8%),
emissions reduction from waste management reused (32%), and composting (7%). As for waste
system before and after the implementation of entering the city waste management system, it is
the industrial ecology concept. managed by landfill (80%), composted in TPS(*) and
d. Obtain information on the costs and benefits of TPA(**) (3%), and recycled by third parties (17%).
waste management systems based on industrial The waste volume continues to increase according to
ecology compared to the cost and benefits of population and community activities.
conventional waste management systems.
d. Benefits of the Research
This research is expected to contribute for
science development, producing a concept of
industrial ecology and municipal solid waste
management and generating a direct benefit which is
the concept of more sustainable waste management
and environmentally sound that can be implemented
by city level waste management.
2. Research Method
This research is an exploratory study, a type
of research that will explore an unknown or little
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3. Budi Heri Pirngadi, Sulistyoweny Widanarko, Setyo Moersidik / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.511-515
1,200,000 b. Potential, the following are potential materials that
can be utilized for recycling or energy recovery from
1,000,000 waste in Bandung City.
800,000
Plastic Paper Organic
600,000 Potential
sources (Tons/ (Tons/Ye (Tons/Yea
400,000 Year) ar) r)
200,000 Management 41,101 32,196 160,184
at source
0 City Waste 24,201 12,558 200,821
Management
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
System
Total 65,302 44,754 361,005
Total produced waste
Based on the above description and potential
carrying capacity limit problems, it is proposed an eco-design of waste
management based on ecological industry concept as
follows:
Waste volume, potential creating environmental
problems Reducing the amount of waste buried,
burned, and carelessly disposed at its source
Waste volume managed by communitiest
Recycling efforts for household plastic for
composter container.
Figure 1. Predicted Waste Volume, Waste Improving the management of landfill (final
Managed by Communities and Waste Potential disposal))
Creating Environmental Problems Through the waste management based on
The results of energy and pollutants tracking industrial ecology concept, the flow of waste
show that the current waste management in Bandung management in the city will be changed to: Total
City (database 2009) use 17,429 GJ/year energy for Waste Production 743,541 tonnes, consisting of
its operation and there is no functional unit that managed waste at the source of 56% and waste
produces energy. As for environmental pollutant, entering to municipal solid waste management
which is represented by a number of Global Warming system of 44%. Waste at the source is managed
Potential (GWP), it generates 996,359,307 KgCO2eq. through buried 12%, burning 6%, disposed 4%,
reused 32%) and composting 46%. Waste entering
Based on the LCA results, those facts and potential into municipal solid waste management system will
problems of the existing waste management are used be managed through landfill (final disposal) 7%,
as basis for determining eco-design for waste composted in the TPS and TPA 3%, recycled by third
management using the industrial ecology (IE) parties 17%, energy recovery 55% and briquettes
concept as follows: making 17%.
a. Waste management issues currently.
The environmental carrying capacity of
Bandung City for waste management
activities has been exceeded.
The waste management is still treated as a
"cost center".
Based on the above issues, it is expected to
create various environmental impacts as
indicated in the above LCI pollutants, where
value will increase with the rate of waste
generation/capita and population growth rate
in Bandung City.
513 | P a g e
4. Budi Heri Pirngadi, Sulistyoweny Widanarko, Setyo Moersidik / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.511-515
1,200,000 that will be a basis for eco-design for waste
management using the industrial ecology concept.
1,000,000 With the eco-design of waste management using the
industrial ecology concept, there is a change in waste
800,000 management pattern at the source and in the
municipal waste management system. Uncontrolled
600,000 disposed waste such as buried, burned, and carelessly
disposed of is declining. With the EI-based waste
400,000 management, generated energy can also be used to
supply the waste management system. Similarly to
200,000 pollution, in particular GWP, it will be decreasing.
The costs benefits analysis results shows, at
0
a certain period, the benefits resulting from the EI-
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
based waste management outweigh the costs - so that
can be a basis for policy setting of industrial-based
Total produced waste
waste management. The policy implementing
industrial ecology-based waste management is in line
carrying capacity limit with the Republic of Indonesia Government policy as
in the Act 18/2008 on Waste Management that
Waste volume, potential creating environmental emphasizes the aspect of waste reuse and treats waste
problems as a resource.
Waste volume managed by communitiest
Given the important role of LCA in eco-
design for waste management using industrial
Waste volume, potential creating environmental
problems after IE
ecology concept, it is advisable to develop the waste
LCA software in Indonesian version, based on the
Figure 2. real conditions of waste management practices in
Indonesia.
Predicted Waste Volume, Waste Managed by
Communities and Waste Potential Creating
Environmental Problems with Waste
Management using Industrial Ecology (IE)
Concept
Through costs and benefits analysis, with
the implementation eco-design, if the tangible
benefits only included at a discount rate of 10%, it
will result in NPV of IDR 63,876,426,668 and B/C of
1.092 with a payback period of 11 years after the
operational period. While if the social benefits are
included with the same discount rate, it will generate
NPV of Rp.277.789.480.928 and B / C of 1.4 with a
payback period of 7 year period after the operational
period.
4. Conclusion
The application of ecological industry
concept in waste management can be undertaken
after an LCA process to determine the material and
energy flows in the waste stream, as well as to obtain
potential facts and issues of waste management that
closely associated with the flow of waste from the
source to the landfill (TPA). The LCA result is
supported with the survey results of community
readiness and understanding of waste management
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5. Budi Heri Pirngadi, Sulistyoweny Widanarko, Setyo Moersidik / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.511-515
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NOTE: Production from Municipal Food Waste, Journal of
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Castells, Francesc , (2010), Life Cycle Assessment
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