The document discusses demographic changes in the UK population from 1700-2000. It outlines key trends including declining birth rates and death rates over time. Major factors influencing population changes are discussed such as the Industrial Revolution, world wars, and advances in medicine, sanitation, and healthcare that decreased mortality rates. The population age structure of the UK changed significantly over this period as birth rates declined and life expectancy increased.

1. Demographic Change focusing on the UK

3. Population as a system migration natural change TOTAL POPULATION births immigrants emigrants deaths INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS

4. Population as a system migration natural change TOTAL POPULATION births immigrants emigrants deaths

5. Population as a system migration natural change TOTAL POPULATION births immigrants emigrants deaths

6. Population as a system migration natural change TOTAL POPULATION births immigrants emigrants deaths

7. Year Birth Rate (per 1000) Death Rate (per 1000) 1700 32 31.5 1720 32.5 32 1740 36 36 1760 37 30 1780 38 29 1800 37 25 1820 36 21 1840 33 24 1860 35 23 1880 33 20 1900 28 17 1920 21 14 1940 15 13.5 1960 18 12 1980 12 12.5 2000 13 10

8. Demographic change in the UK

9. Population Change in the UK

12. Manchester, 1840

13. Child pulling coal up a tunnel

14. Over London by Rail by Gustave Dore, c. 1870. shows the densely populated and polluted environments created in the new industrial cities

23. Percentage of population in different age categories in the UK, 1840-2000 1840 1880 1920 1940 2000 0-14 36 36 26 19 19 15-29 28 26 28 22 20 30-44 18 18 21 21 22 45-59 11 13 15 20 20 60-74 6 6 8 12 12 75+ 1 1 2 6 7

24. Economic, political and social factors