Global population growth has occurred in three stages. The first stage saw high mortality and birth rates resulting in low population increase. The second stage saw declining mortality and sustained high birth rates, leading to rapid population growth and increased life expectancy. The third stage features declining birth and mortality rates, slowing population growth. Some countries now see negative population growth. Improvements in hygiene, diet, vaccines, healthcare and medicine facilitated 19th century population growth. Population distribution is unequal due to physical factors like population density, which is the total population divided by the land area. Natality is the birth rate calculated as births per 1000 people per year. Mortality is the death rate calculated as deaths per 1000 people per year. Natural increase is the

1. Global population growth

4. World population First stage: mortality and natality are high so natural increase was low. Second stage: in this stage mortality decreased a lot while natality remained high. As a result of this situation there was a big population growth and life expectancy increased. Third stage: mortality and natality decrease, population growth started to decrease. Nowdays in some countries there is a negative population growth.

5. There were many improvements which made possible the population growth in 19 th century: Hygiene and sanitation Diet. Vaccine. Health care. New medicines.

6. Alexander Fleming discovered the penicillin in 1928.

8. Unequal distribution of population

9. Physical factors

13. Population density: Total population Surface area

16. Example: Population 46.000.000 inhabitants Density in Spain : 504.645 Km Population Density in Spain: 91inhab/km

17. To work out the natality we use rate birth: total number of births over a year BR = X 1000 total population

22. MORTALITY number of deaths over a year DR = X 1000 total population

24. NATURAL INCREASE: Number of births Number of births Number of deaths

25. There are two ways to work out the rate of natural increase. 1) Birth rate Death rate 2) NI X 100 total population

26. POPULATION STRUCTURE By sex : more boys are born but women have more life expectancy. By age : Europe is the region with more old people around the world. Old people represent the 21% of the total population while children represent 15 %. Inside Europe Spain has the most difficult situation because according with the ONU studies in 35 years, Spain will be the oldest population around the world.

28. By labour force rate : this rate includes people who is working and people who is looking for a job. Nowdays, unemployement is increasing in Spain, the figure is more than 22 %. This is the double than many european countries The average in Europe is around 9%.

29. Expanding population pyramid

31. Expanding population pyramid This kind of pyramid shows natality and mortality high. This is typical of developing countries.

32. Stable population pyramid

34. Stable population pyramid Natality and mortality are constant. Population tends to age.

35. Contracting population pyramid

38. Contracting population pyramid This type of pyramid indicates a reduced natality and mortality. Population tends to age and decrease. This is typical of developed countries.

44. " Yo, ¿estudiar? ¡Si gano 3.000 pavos en el tajo!. La cita es literal. Al ocupar el apartamento que había alquilado para ese mes de agosto en Cádiz me encontré con un problema de albañilería. La propiedad me envió a un chaval que apenas rozaría los 18 años, pelo rapado de pincho, cadenota de oro y mucho, mucho desparpajo. Se me ocurrió preguntarle por su formación y fue como abrir la espita a un geiser. “Aquí no estudia ni dios, quillo. Pa qué. Mira, con esto me levanto 3.000 pavos al mes y tengo pa tó. Que si el quad, que si las tías, que buen rollito por aquí y por allá. Soy el rey. Currar y disfrutar, que pa eso no hay que usar la cabeza”