The document provides information about different climate types and their associated landscapes. It discusses equatorial, tropical, and desert climates under "hot climates" and includes details on temperature, precipitation, location, and typical landscapes for each. It also covers maritime/oceanic, Mediterranean, continental, polar, and alpine climates under "mild climates" and "cold climates", providing similar climate and landscape details for each type. The document concludes with instructions on how to create a climate graph using temperature and precipitation data.

1. WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Pictures and map concepts

2. WORLD MAP OF CLIMATES

3. HOT CLIMATES
Equatorial, Tropical and Desert.

4. Equatorial climate graph
Temp. + 18 ºc mean annual temperature
Precip. +1500 mm per year. No dry season.
Location: Equator, Amazonas, Congo, Indonesia.
Rivers: regular flow

5. Equatorial landscape
Jungle. : dense forest of tall evergreen trees with large
leaves.
Soil: poor because of the abundant rainfall.
Fauna: Monkeys, toucans, anacondas, panthers…

6. Tropical climates
Temp. + 18ºC.
Precip. 750 – 1500 mm per year. DRY SEASON.
Location. Between Tropics. Caribbean Sea, Central
America, India, Indochina…
Rivers: Irregular flow

7. TROPICAL LANDSCAPE
Vegetation: Jungle less thicker, where the rainy season is
shorter is savannah (few trees, land covered with grass)
Acacias, baobabs. Soil more fertile than Equatorial area.
Fauna: elephants, zebras, rhinoceros…

8. DESERT CLIMATE
Temp. + 18 ºC mean annual temp.
Precip. – 250 mm per year
Rivers: wadis

9. DESERT LANDSCAPE
Vegetation: cacti, short grass.
Soil is poor.
Fauna: camels, foxes, scorpions…

10. MILD CLIMATES

11. MARITIME/ OCENIC CLIMATE
Temp: Mild winter and cool in summer.
Precip. + 800 mm per year
Location: Northern Europe, west of USA…
Rivers: regular flow.

12. MARITIME LANDSCAPE
Vegetation: Decidious forest. Beech tree, oak.
Moors and heathers.
Soil: rich
Fauna. Rabbits, wolves, deers…

13. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
Temp: Hot summers, mild winters.
Precip: DRY SEASON. 300- 800 mm per year. Dry summers.
Location: areas surrounding Mediterranean Sea, California..
Rivers:Irregular.

14. MEDITERRANEAN LANDSCAPE
Evergreen trees: holm oak, cork oaks, pines…
Bushes: thyme, rosemary, lavender…
Soil. Fertile
Fauna: rabbits, pigs, eagles…

15. CONTINENTAL CLIMATES
Temp: Very cold in winters (-3 ºc) hot summers
Precip: 300 – 800 mm. It rains mainly in summer.
Location: Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia…
Rivers: irregular.

16. CONTINENTAL LANDSCAPE
Vegetation: Coniferous (taiga). Pines, grasslands…
Soil: Poor.
Fauna: Elks, bears, wolves…

17. COLD CLIMATES

18. POLAR CLIMATE
Temp: Very cold, many months below 0ºC
Precip: - 250 mm per year
Rivers: glaciers
Location: Both Poles, northern Canada, Groenland…

19. POLAR LANDSCAPE
Vegetation: moss and lichens (tundra)

20. ALPINE CLIMATES
Temp. Very cold winter, cool summer.
Precip. More than 800 mm. As you ascend rainfall
increase.
Vegetation: stepped because of elevation

21. HOW TO CRATE A CLIMATE GRAPH
1. Draw temperature as line graph in red
a. the temperature scale is on the left hand
side in °C
b. Temperatures are plotted in the centre of
the column for each month
2. Draw rainfall as columns which touch each
other.
a. Shade the columns blue or black
b. The precipitation scale is on the right hand
side in mm
c. Mark a line across the column for each
month. The columns join onto each other.

22. Step 1

23. Step 2

24. Step 3

25. Step 4

26. Climate Graph

27. Describing annual temperature range
Annual rainfall Description
over 1500 very high
1000 to 1500 high
500 to 1000 moderate
250 to 500 low
below 250 very low
Describing annual temperature range
°C Description
below 5 small
5 to 15 moderate
15 to 30 large
above 30 very large
Now you should study all the slides that you have seen

28. Mean annual temperature: By adding every monthly average and dividing the
total by 12. In this case: 17.5 ºC
Precipitations: By adding each month´s average. rainfall In this case: 465 mm.
Thermal amplitude: By substracting the highest temperature and the lowest one.
25 – 11.5 = 13, 5. If it is below 15ºC it means is close to the coast. In this case it is
Valencia.

29. Mean annual temperature: By adding every
monthly average and dividing the total by 12.
In this case: 14.6 ºC
Precipitations: By adding each month´s
average. rainfall In this case: 351.5 mm.
Thermal amplitude: By substracting the
highest temperature and the lowest one.
23.7 – 6.1= 17.6. If it is below 15ºC it means is
close to the coast. In this case it is over 15ºC, it
is not close to the coast, it is Zaragoza.

30. Take a look at this website
http://www4.uwsp.edu/geO/faculty/ritter/inte
ractive_climate_map/climate_map.html