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Ponencia “Políticas de reducción de residuos en Europa. Situación actual y retos de futuro para España”. Lisa Labriga, ACR+
The document discusses current waste reduction policies in Europe, focusing on Spain's challenges and future goals in waste management. It emphasizes the need for improved environmental legislation, ambitious waste prevention policies, and the implementation of a circular economy model. Key targets include reducing municipal waste by 70% by 2030 and food waste by 30% by 2025, alongside promoting eco-design and community involvement in waste reduction practices.
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Ponencia “Políticas de reducción de residuos en Europa. Situación actual y retos de futuro para España”. Lisa Labriga, ACR+
- 1. Políticas de reducciónde residuos en Europa. Situación actual y retos de futuro para España Lisa Labriga, Project Manager, ACR+ 12.11.2014
- 2. ACR+ Network forlocal & regional authorities Publications Conferences Webinars News ACR+ • +/- 100 members • 23 countries • > 1000 LRAs
- 3. From waste toresources… Linear economy Chain economy Circular economy Resources Production Consumption Waste From waste to resources Circular economy ACR+
- 4. Reduce & Reuse … multi-R approach Rethink Recover (energy) Redesign Repair Redistri-bute Recycle Remanu -facture ACR+ vision since 1994 R E D U C E R E U S E RECYCLE ACR+
- 5.
- 6. EU policies -puzzle pieces fit together…? 7th EAP Towards a recycling society Raw materials policy Resource efficiency roadmap EU policies ‘Europe 2020 strategy for Sustainable, smart and inclusive growth’
- 7. COM Towards a Circular economy EC Circular Economy package COM Green action plan for SMEs COM Proposal directive target review Sustainable Buildings COM Green COM Employment Focus of this presentation Putting it into context… EU policies
- 8. Waste hierarchy Preferredenvironmental option Prevention Prepare for reuse Recycling Other recovery Disposal Least environmental option EU policies
- 9. Key messages 7thEAP Towards a recycling society Raw materials policy Resource efficiency roadmap Full implementation of existing legislation Simplification & modernisation of existing legislation Waste generated per capita is in absolute decline More ambitious waste prevention policies Widespread separate collection & quality recycling Reuse & recycling at “maximum feasible” level Common reference standards for recycling Energy recovery limited to non-recyclable materials Phasing out landfilling waste Reducing dependency on raw materials by 2020 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. - 8. - 9. - 10. - Prevention Prepare for reuse Recycling Other recovery Disposal EU policies
- 10. Proposal for aDirective reviewing targets Impact assessment Prepare for Reuse/Recycling (PR/R) MSW to 70% in 2030 Packaging waste PR/R to 80% in 2030 Reduce food waste generation by 30% (2025) Phasing out landfilling Full traceability of hazardous waste Minimum requirements for EPR schemes Alignment of definitions Simplification of reporting Use of key economic instruments Early Warning Mechanism 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. - 8. - 9. - 10. - Targets review
- 11. Article 6 –Packaging Directive Targets review
- 12. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Waste treatment in % Recycled + Composted Landfilled Incinerated 2030 Target Member States achievements – 2012 Targets review
- 13. Article 3 –Waste Framework Directive Municipal waste includes household waste and waste from retail, small businesses, office buildings and institutions (such as schools, hospitals, government buildings) similar in nature and composition to household waste, collected by or on behalf of municipalities It includes 1. Bulky waste 2. Yard, park & garden waste 3. Street sweepings + litter cont. 4. Market cleansing waste 5. Private companies collection 6. Rural areas not served by regular waste service It excludes 1. Sewage sludge 2. Construction & demolition waste Targets review
- 14. Article 9 –Waste Framework Directive Prevention Targets review • No prevention target • Member States shall “take the appropriate waste prevention measures” • Food waste – indicative objective of -30% by 2025 • Measures to promote eco-design to respect the waste hierarchy and to meet the targets • Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) - minimum requirements (true and full cost concept linking the fees paid by producers to recyclability of the products)
- 15. Article 9 –Waste Framework Directive Food Waste Prevention • National waste prevention programmes – specific part on food waste prevention (Art 29 WFD) • Aspirational objective to reduce food waste by 30% by 2025 (Art 9 WFD amendment proposal) • Collection and reporting on levels of food waste across all sectors in a comparable way Targets review
- 16. 2017 -30% 2025 Article 9 – Waste Framework Directive Losses in the food chain Households 43% Food service/ catering, 14% Manufacturing 39% Retail/ wholesale, 4% Food Waste Prevention Targets review
- 17. COM proposal: Opportunitiesand challenges Targets review Opportunities • More jobs (around 180,000) • Less GHG (- 443 on the period) • Better access to raw material and positive effect on competitiveness • Direct savings due to better waste management • Reduced marine litter (- 27,5% by 2030) Challenges • Better governance/political will needed • Best practice dissemination • Involvement of the civil society
- 18. Local and RegionalAuthorities = Key Actors
- 19. Waste Prevention: CatalanEco design Awards Best practices Catalan Eco design Awards Foster Eco-design & waste prevention Five categories: • Product • Product in development • Strategy • Young design • Mediterranean design
- 20. ACR+ Waste PreventionDatabase Best practices
- 21. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Best practices www.prewaste.eu
- 22. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Best practices Residual waste Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) scheme Residents are charged based on • the size of the waste bin, • how often the bin is emptied, • and weight. residual waste collected ↓ 46% Residual waste Schweinfurt, Germany
- 23. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Best practices - Food - Love Food Hate Waste Campaign Comprehensive awareness-raising and information campaign to promote food waste reduction measures, based on a successful UK-wide communication campaign. North London, UK Food waste
- 24. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Halmstad, Sweden Food waste Schools competing to reduce food waste in canteens food waste decreased by 11% Best practices - Food -
- 25. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Marche Region, Italy Food waste Marche Food bank ONLUS • Regional branch of Italian food bank network • ~ 2,209 tonnes of food surplus recovered from industry and retailers (2010) • redistributed to about 26,000 people Best practices - Food -
- 26. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Sofia, Bulgaria Organic waste Household composting campaign free composting bins and information tools ~ 18,000 kg (6kg/inh/y) composted at home Best practices - Food -
- 27. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Best practices - Paper - Brussels, Belgium Paper Paper reduction in offices 15% to 25% paper reduction achieved after coaching over 5 years: – average reduction ~ 30% – up to 70% reduction.
- 28. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Brussels ,Belgium Paper No-advertisement sticker with legal backing 2011, 20.1% of Brussels mailboxes use sticker ~ 10 kg of paper waste avoided per inhabitant per year > 2 000 t/y in total Best practices - Paper -
- 29. Pre-waste: Waste PreventionGood Practices Brussels, Belgium Paper Paper waste prevention in schools • teaching materials & equipment, teacher training OR • external trainers accompany school/class during 1 year Paper consumption decreased by up to 35% Best practices - Paper -
- 30. European Week forWaste Reduction (EWWR) Best practices - EWWR - © theskinographies.com Clean Up © Akademia © Generalitat Valenciana
- 31. Best practices -EWWR - EWWR: Prevention Thematic Days • Waste prevention as priority • Prevention thus strong place in EWWR 4 different Prevention Thematic Days in 2013-2017 • 2013: reuse • 2014: fight against food waste • 2015: dematerialization • 2016: hazardous waste
- 32. Best practices -EWWR - Prevention Thematic Days 2013: Reuse
- 33. Best practices -EWWR - Prevention Thematic Days 2013: Reuse • 7 detailed factsheets on reuse actions • Promotional poster
- 34. Best practices -EWWR - Prevention Thematic Days 2013: Reuse Partners’ territories: Brussels and Catalan regions, Italy & Hungary Monitoring & evaluation - 523 PTD actions - 43.895 participants - > 52t waste avoided Total: 2525 PTD actions
- 35. Muchas gracias! www.acrplus.org Contact: ll@acrplus.org Lisa Labriga, ACR+
Editor's Notes
- #2 1
- #3 1. Who are we? International network: EU + Eastern & Southern Mediterranean countries Around 100 members, covering more than 1000 local authorities Technical network, help LRAs to find technical solutions; exchange best practices sustainable resource management 2. What do we do, concretely? a) Grey arrow: Service to our members: exchange of best practices, publications, weekly newsline, conferences, webinars b) Blue arrow: Project work mostly involving members as project partners, all members profit from the sharing of acquired knowlede, & experiences Internal projects: WG CE, Observatory (European Observatory on municipal waste performances), EPR Club European projects: Horizon2020 (south Mediterranean cooperation), Regions4Recycling, European Week for Waste Reduction
- #4 Vision CE: putting our activities in context Where are we coming from? – Traditional model: Linear economy Resources get extracted Production of products Products get consumed What is left is considered as waste and is disposed off Throw away society! Where are we at the moment? – Current model: Chain economy Resources get extracted Products get produced and then consumed What is left is either considered as waste and disposed off or it gets downcycled or recycled: Downcycling means the process of converting waste materials or useless products into new materials or products of lesser quality and reduced functionality. It needs to be mentioned here, that for some material streams recycling works pretty well, without having a downcycling effect, such as for glass or paper. What are we aiming at? – Future model to reach resource efficiency: Circular economy Closing the loop Sustainable Production, sustainable consumption and upcycling instead of downcycling Upcycling is the process of converting waste materials or useless products into new materials or products of better quality or for better environmental value. No or almost no waste is left Everything that is left is considered as resources, not as waste “Closed loop” recycling is basically a production process in which post-consumer waste is collected, recycled and used to make new products. This process can be as simple as using recycled aluminum to make new cans, or as complicated as weaving reclaimed plastic bottles into polyester for clothing and other products. For the closed loop system to function properly, consumers, recyclers and manufacturers must work together to reclaim valuable materials from our waste stream and use them to make new products. General ideas: moving from waste to resources, closing the loop
- #5 ACR+ vision since 1994: hierarchical approach to waste Can be broken down to the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) Or to even more Rs, as shown in the graph: Production: Rethink, Redesign Production & Distribution: Remanufacture Distribution: Repair (preparation for reuse), Redistribute Consumption: Reduce & Reuse, Recycle, and, as a last option, energy recovery This graph allows us to examine a bit more in detail what a closed loop system implies: What does a “closed loop” system imply? Increasing the time products deliver their service before coming to the end of their useful life (durability); Reducing the use of materials that are hazardous or difficult to recycle (substitution); Creating markets for recycled materials (standards, public procurement); Designing products that are easier to repair, upgrade, remanufacture of recycle (eco-design); Incentivising waste reduction and high-quality separation by consumers; Incentivising separation and collection systems that minimise the costs of recycling and reuse; Facilitating industrial clusters that exchange by-products to prevent them from becoming wastes (industrial symbiosis); Encouraging wider consumer choice through renting or leasing instead of owning products (new business models)
- #6 Part of the CE economy concept is also the idea of a territorial hierarchy: the short cycle always comes first when developing CE measures, ideas, strategies, and the “lower” levels are key for success neighbourhood first, then city, then region; and only then the nation states, the EU and worldwide level
- #7 population growth & scarcity of primary resources 2011: EC adopts 2 key interlinked strategies: a COM on raw materials and a COM on RE followed by the Roadmap on RE Europe waste as a resource. approach has been confirmed by the 7th EAP adopted in 2013 by Parliament & Council. Part of the ‘Europe 2020 strategy for Sustainable, smart and inclusive growth’ At the heart of the RE agenda: moving towards a circular economy Roadmap to a Resource efficient Europe (2011): EC proposed a framework for action main ideas of roadmap developed further in the 7th EAP: priority objective: turn the EU into a resource-efficient, green and competitive low-carbon economy provides indicators and set targets for resource efficiency: Resource productivity as measured by GDP relative to Raw Material Consumption (RMC) was identified as the most suitable indicator for a possible resource efficiency target. The EU is already expected to increase its resource productivity by 15% between 2014 and 2030 under a business as usual scenario. Policies to promote the transition to a more circular economy, as called by the European Resource Efficiency Platform, could result in doubling of this rate, while boosting job creation and generating further growth.
- #8 COM (2014)498 :Towards a circular economy: a zero waste programme for Europe …+ 3 annexes (Horizon 2020; Resource Efficiency Roadmap and Targets)) ; COM(2014)397: Proposal of a directive amending + ANNEX (Composition of MSW and Requirements for EPR) + Basic Documents (IA and…) Green economy: … combining enhanced resource efficiency with environmental resilience while boosting prosperity & equity in the society Green employment: fostering the development of appropriate skills and better forecasting skills needs; anticipating sectoral changes, securing transitions in employment and promoting mobility ; supporting job creation through shifting taxation away from labour and on to pollution, promoting green public procurement, entrepreneurship and social enterprises; increasing transparency and data quality to improve monitoring and analysis of labour market impacts of the green economy; promoting dialogue between employer representatives and trade unions on the transition to the green economy in the European Semester; strengthening international cooperation notably through the Green Growth Knowledge Forum. Green action plan for SME’s Provide European SMEs with practical information, advice and support on how to improve their resource efficiency in a cost-effective manner: Support efficient technology transfer mechanisms for green technologies Facilitate the access to finance for resource-related improvements in SMEs Promote all forms of eco-innovation, including non-technological eco-innovation Facilitate business partnering, skills and knowledge for green entrepreneurship Exploit better the role of clusters in support of eco-innovative SMEs Address systemic barriers to cross-sectorial and cross-national value chain collaboration and business creation and cooperation, by facilitating the creation of service business models and the re-use of materials, products and waste Other communications: Transforming the economy Sustainable consumption & production 2013 communication « Building the single market for Green products » Commission Communication « a stronger European industry for growth and economic recovery » Turning waste into a resource Green paper on plastic waste Waste management scoreboard Supporting research and innovation Horizon2020 programme European innovation partnerships Eco-innovation action plan
- #9 The waste hierarchy is often shown as a colour scheme. It wants to show that only a small amount of waste should be disposed (red fraction at the bottom) of equivalent to landfill (thus less efficient), whereas we want to see a lot of waste prevented (dark green fraction on top). COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Taking sustainable use of resources forward: A Thematic Strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste Current EU waste policy is based on a concept known as the waste hierarchy. This means that, ideally, waste should be prevented and what cannot be prevented should be re-used, recycled and recovered as much as feasible, with landfill being used as little as possible. Landfill is the worst option for the environment as it signifies a loss of resources and could turn into a future environmental liability. The waste hierarchy should not be seen as a hard-and-fast rule, particularly since different waste treatment methods can have different environmental impact. However, the aim of moving towards a recycling and recovery society means moving up the hierarchy, away from landfill and more and more to recycling and recovery. The legal framework underpinning this strategic approach includes horizontal legislation on waste management, e.g. the Waste Framework Directive, the Hazardous Waste Directive, as well as the Waste Shipment Regulation. These are complemented by more detailed legislation concerning waste treatment and disposal operations, such as the Landfill and Incineration Directives, and legislation to regulate the management of specific waste streams (waste oils, PCBs/PCTs and batteries). Recycling and recovery targets have been set for some key waste flows, i.e. packaging, end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). See Annex III contained in the Commission Staff Document SEC(2005) 1682 for a chart setting out the relevant legislation. In order to achieve these objectives and, hence, secure a higher level of environmental protection, the proposal is to modernise the existing legal framework – i.e. to introduce life-cycle analysis in policymaking and to clarify, simplify and streamline EU waste law. This will contribute to resolving current implementation problems and move the EU decisively onto the path of becoming an economically and environmentally efficient recycling society. The current level of environmental ambition will be maintained and enhanced while providing the basis for sustained growth. This requires a combination of measures promoting waste prevention, recycling and re-use in such a way as to produce the optimum reduction in the accumulated impact over the life cycle of resources.
- #11 Goal: translate objectives of the 7th EAP and RE Roadmap into legal text Deliverables: Increase prepare for reuse/ recycling of MSW to 70% in 2030 (OUTPUT method) Increase packaging waste prepare for reuse/ recycling to 80% in 2030 with material specific targets Phasing out landfilling by the introduction of progressive landfill bans first on recyclable including biodegradable waste (by 2025) then on all recoverbale waste (by 2030) MS shall not accept the following waste in landfills for non-hazardous waste by 1 January 2025, recyclable waste inclduing plastics, metals, glass, paper and cardboard, and biodegradable waste, MS shall not accept a quantity of waste in landfills for non hazardous waste in a given year exceeding 25% of the total amount of municipal waste in a given year exceeding 25% of the total amount of municipal waste egenrated in the previous year, from 1 January 2025 MS shall endeavour to accept only residual waste in landfills for non-hazardous waste by 1 January 2030, with the result that the total amount going to such landfills does not exceed 5% of the total amount of municipal waste generatded in the previous year. The commission shall review this objective by 2025 and if appropriate, submit a legislative proposal for a legally binding 2030 landfill reduction target. Take measures aimed at reducing food waste generation by 30% by 2025 Include an early warning system to anticipate and avoid possible compliance difficulties Ensure full tracebility of hazardous waste Increase the costs-effectiveness of EPR schemes by defining min. conditions Simplify drastically the reporting obligations and alleviating obligations facing SME’s Harmonise and streamline the calculation of the targets and improve the reliability of key statistics Improve the overall coherence by aligning definitions and removing obsolete legal requirements The proposal is expected to provide a clear and robuts perspective to guide long term investment strategies focused on prevention, reuse and recycling as well as the future use of EU regional funds which should focus on the first steps of the waste hierarchy in line with the proposed targets More ambitious re-use & recycling targets. Elimination of landfilling. How much room for incineration? Better calculation methods and statistics, electronic waste registry. Simplification (e.g. aligning definitions, less reporting). Better use of economic instruments (focus on EPR).
- #12 2020: 45% of plastic; 50% of wood; 70% of ferrous metal; 70% of aluminium; 70% of glass; 85% of paper and cardboard 2025: 60% of plastic; 65% of wood; 80% of ferrous metal; 80% of aluminium; 80% of glass; 90% of paper and cardboard 2030: 80% of wood; 90% of ferrous metal; 90% of aluminium; 90% of glass Overall: Increase the recycling rate for packaging waste to 80% by 2030 with interim targets of 60% by 2020 and 70% by 2025, including targets for specific materials Further develop markets for high quality secondary raw materials, including evaluating the added value of end-of-waste criteria for specific materials Clarify the calculation method for recycled materials in order to ensure high recycling quality level 2001 target = 25% 2008 target = 55% For the purpose of calculating whether the targets laid down in the WFD the weight of the prepared for re-use and recycled shall be understood as the weight of the waste put into a final preparing for re-use or recycling process less the weight of any materials which were discarded in the course of that process due to presence which need to be disposed of or undergo other recovery operations. However, where the discarded materials constitute less than 2% or loss of the weight of the waste input into that process, the weight of the waste prepared for re-use and recycled shall be understood as the weight of the waste which was put into a final preparing for re-use or recycling process If packaging is composed of different materials, each material shall be separately taken into account for the purpose of calculation of the targets
- #13 Recycling target and phase-out of landfill
- #14 It includes Bulky waste (e.g. white goods, furniture, mattresses) Yard waste, leaves, grass clippings, street sweepings, the content of litter containers, and market cleansing waste Waste from selected municipal services, I.e. waste from park & garden maintenance, waste from street cleaning services It also inlcudes waste from the same sources, and similar in nature & composition, which: Are not cllected on behlaf of the municipalities but directly by producer responsibility schemes or private non-profit institutions for re-use and recycling purposes mainly by separate collection Originate from rural areas not served by a regular waste service It excludes Waste from municipal waste sewage network & treatment, including sewage sludge Municipal construction & demolition waste
- #15 Prevention target: There is a lack in the proposal regarding waste reduction: Unfortunately no prevention target apart from food waste (next slide) Confusion between reuse and recycling Current situation of prevention obligations: existing obligation to have qualitative and quantitative prevention benchmark (cfr article 29 of the WFD?); Prevention of waste Member States shall take the appropriate waste prevention measures. Every year, the European Environment Agency shall publish a report showing progress on prevention of waste generation for each Member State and the Union as a whole, including on decoupling of waste generation from economic growth. Member States shall take measures to prevent food waste generation along the whole food supply chain. The measures shall endeavour to ensure that food waste in the manufacturing, retail/distribution, food service/hospitality and household sectors is reduced by at least 30% between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2025. By 31 December 2017, the Commission shall adopt implementing acts to establish uniform conditions for the monitoring of the implementation of food waste prevention measures taken by Member States. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 39(2).
- #17 Member States shall take prevention measures to reduce food waste generation along the food chain. The measures should be designed with the aim of achieving a reduction of food waste generation of at least 30% from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2025, across the manufacturing, retail/distribution, food service/ hospitality and household sectors.
- #19 Practical examples of waste reduction policies/activities Focus on LRAs as these are our members and, I think, the larger part of the audience of this conference Focus on LRAs as this is our network LRAs as key actors, with different instruments and tools available, depending on the level of legislative power Explain different levels of where LRAs can get active to reduce waste Francoise: In addition to Philippe’s comments, I would recommend you to insist on the fact that the first level of the waste hierarchy and the beginning of the circle of a circle economy is prevention (quantitative AND qualitative). LRAs can have for their own a quantitative target and promote qualitative prevention (cfr eco-desing awards in Catalunya for example or through public procurement). Based on the idea of the territorial hierarchy it is already clear that LRAs are key actors on the path to achieve resource efficiency via CE They act on several levels: Legal and economic instruments: taxes, subsidies, introduction of PAYT systems, or direct support to eco-parks and related SMEs Monitoring & control Waste management: introducing/improving selective collection and recycling, setting up/supporting reuse centers Strategical & communication instruments: Planning Green public procurement Communication on behavioural change ACR+ has been working on most of these instruments and measures in order to support LRAs to reach resource efficiency. I would like to pick out four short examples today in order to dig a bit more into the role of LRAs and what ACR+ can offer to support them: ACR+ waste prevention database Pre-waste waste prevention good practices European Week for Waste Reduction
- #20 We are already preparing the first edition of Catalonia Eco design Award. This award is an evolution of Design for Recycling Award to Waste Agency of Catalonia has convened since 2001, and incorporates a broader view, to covering all aspects of Eco design. The award has five categories: Product. Product on the market, designed and manufactured in Catalonia, taking into account environmental considerations into the development process, in order to minimize their impact on the environment throughout its life cycle. Product in development. Project for a product not produced or marketed (but phase prototype) designed taking into account environmental considerations, in order to minimize their impact on the environment throughout its life cycle. Strategy. Initiative, policy, procedure or system, implemented or executed within Catalonia, which integrates the use or promotion of products designed taking into account environmental considerations into the development process, in order to minimize the impact on the environment throughout its life cycle. Young Design. Product development and product strategy developed by graduate students or novice, taking environmental considerations into account in their development process, in order to minimize their impact on the environment throughout its life cycle. Mediterranean design. Product development and product strategy developed in the Mediterranean countries, taking into account environmental considerations in the development process, in order to minimize their impact on the environment throughout its life cycle. Award may be presented to the designers or manufacturers (in the market or in development) or driving strategies, both in Catalonia and around the Mediterranean countries. Soon the call will be published in 2015, with all the details and rules for participation.
- #33 PTDs 2013 on Reuse: Promoting reuse activities has a strong value for sustainable development because it not only promotes environmental protection through waste prevention but also contributes to social aims such as the fight against poverty, social inclusion and equality, job creation, and many more. Reuse actions included: Collection for reuse, Creative reuse, Give box, Repair fair/café/workshop, Reused packaging, Reuse markets, Swapping
- #35 Results: Total PTD actions: 2525 (19,4 % of all actions) In partners’ territories (monitoring & evaluation): Total PTD actions: 523 Participants (estimated & extrapolated): 43.895 Waste avoided (estimated & extrapolated): 52.301 kg > 52 t