1. CORE STUDY Cities of Vesuvius: Pompeii & Herculaneum HSC ANCIENT HISTORY

3. The Eruption of Vesuvius

16. A dolium Amphorae

17. A wine press (torcular)

20. Entrance to a garum shop Mosaic of ocean resources

22. The Fullery of Stephanus

23. Sketches made of paintings showing cleaning process.

24. Relief of fullers

26. A Bakery

28. Macellum (markets) entrance in the Forum, Pompeii

29. Macellum (markets)

31. Shops along a street, Pompeii

32. A snack bar (thermopolium)

35. Reconstruction of the port of Pompeii

39. Roman Social Structure Emperor Imperial family Senators Equestrian order Rich freedmen Poor free citizens Freedmen Slaves Upper strata These people enjoyed power and privilege Lower strata Great diversity among this group of people. Life was hard.

44. Statue of Eumachia

45. Eumachia building

46. The estate of Julia Felix

49. Chief magistrates (Duoviri) office Council chamber (curia) Basillica Junior magistrates (Aediles) office Comitium MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS In the Forum at Pompeii

53. Pompeian electoral graffiti to vote for two candidates for aedile, M. Cerrinius Vatia and A. Trebius Valente.

54. Electoral graffiti at Pompeii

59. Odeon – Small theatre

60. Large theatre Pompeii

66. Palaestra at Pompeii

70. Stabian Baths Pompeii

72. Baths at Herculaneum

77. Carbonised figs from Pompeii Food remains from a latrine pit at Pompeii, clockwise from top right: grape pips, fig pips, fish bones, sea urchin shell.

84. Lead pipes in the streets of Pompeii

85. The castellum acquae at the Vesuvian gate which distributed the water to three main pipes which ran under the footpaths at Pompeii

88. Triangular Forum Pompeii – Doric style columns Macellum Pompeii – Corinthian style columns

95. Basilica at Pompeii

97. Entrance to the Macellum at Pompeii

99. Building of Eumachia

102. Temple of Vespasian / Temple of the Genius of Augustus

104. Temple of Jupiter - Pompeii

106. Temple of Apollo Pompeii

107. Temple of Jupiter Sanctuary of the Lares Temple of Vespasian / Genius of Augustus Temple of Apollo

116. Private Architecture Atrium – peristyle house

117. House of the Faun

118. Private Architecture A Villa

119. Reconstruction of the Villa of Papyri

120. Shops with apartments above at Pompeii

121. 1. Fauces (entrance corridor) 2. Impluvium (rain basin) 3. Atrium (main entry room) 4. Tablinum (study) 5. Ala (side room) 6. Lararium (household shrine) 7. Culina (kitchen) 8. Triclinium (dining room) 9. Oecus (reception room) 10. Peristylium (peristyle colonnade) 11. Viridarium (pleasure-garden) 12. Cubiculum (bedroom) Floor Plan - House of the Vetti House Features

122. GREEK Influence on Pompeii & Herculaneum ARCHITECTURE Features such as the theatre, palaestra Columns / designs RELIGIOUS Gods: Dionysus, Apollo, Demeter Temples Cults (eg. Dionysus) STRONG INFLUENCE OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE ACROSS THE ROMAN WORLD ART Statues (copies of original Greek) Frescoes Mosaics (eg. Alexander mosaic from House of Faun) NAMES OF THE TOWNS Herculaneum . from “Heracles” Images of Heracles throughout town LITERATURE / DRAMA Papyrus scrolls from Herculaneum written in ancient Greek Greek literature studied eg. Homer, Virgil

123. Hercules with Neptune and Salacia, from the College of the Augustales, Herculaneum

124. Egyptian Influence in Pompeii & Herculaneum RELIGIOUS Temple of Isis at Pompeii Cult of Isis > evidence in household shrines ART Scenes of the Nile and the Egyptian landscape. Eg. Mosaic from the House of the Faun DECORATIONS Egyptian style / motifs. Eg. Decorative use of the Sphinx in households Asia TRADE & CULTURAL LINKS - Led to Egyptian Influence over time

125. Nile river scene from Pompeii

126. Temple of Isis

132. Altar at the temple of Vespasian, Pompeii

134. Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii

135. Temple of Apollo, Pompeii

136. Temple of Isis, Pompeii

140. Lararium in the house of the Vetti, showing the Genius between two Lares.