The document discusses polymers, their classifications (natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic), and their applications in pharmaceutical formulations. It highlights the advantages of polymers such as improved patient compliance and controlled drug release, while also noting disadvantages like dose dumping and low heat capacity. Key applications include drug delivery systems and various dosage forms.

1. POLYMER
ABHISHEK TRIPATHI
MPHARMA PHARMACEUTICS 1ST
YEAR
BADDI UNIVERSITY OF EMERGING SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY
BADDI,HIMACHAL PRADESH

2. CONTENTS
. INTRODUCTION
. CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMER
. APPLICATIONOF POLYMER
. ADVANTAGE &DIS ADVANTAGE OF POLYMER

3. INTRODUCTION
.“POLYMERS ARE THOSE COMPOUNDWHICH HAVE HIGH MOLECULAR MASSES AND
FORMED BY THE GROUPS OF MONOMERS”
.MONOMERSARE REPEATING STRUCTURALUNITDERIVEDFROMSOMESIMPLEAND
REACTIVE MOLECULESARE LINKED TO EACH OTHER BY COVALENT BOND.
.THE WORD POLYMERARE DERIVED FROMTHE GREEK WORDS POLYANDMERES.
.THE WORDPOLYMEANS MANYANDTHE WORDMERES MEANS UNITORPART.
POLYMERIZATION IS A PROCESS OF POLYMER FORMATION.
.POLYMERS ARE VERY LARGE MOLECULES USEDAS A SYNONYM FOR PLASTIC.
.ALL PLASTICS ARE POLYMERS BUT NOTALL POLYMERS ARE PLASTICS.
N(CH2_CH2)----------------------------(_CH2_CH2_)S
(ETHYLENE) (POLYETHYLENE)

4. .MOSTLYPOLYMERS ARE BIODEGRADABLE.
.POLYMERS ARE PLAYA MAJOR ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF DOSAGE FORM SUCHAS
BINDERS, FILM COATINGAGENTS ETC.

6. 1. CLASSIFICATIONBASEDONORIGIN OF SOURCE
A. NATURAL POLYMER- NATURAL POLYMERARE THOSE SUBSTANCES WHICHARE
OBTAINED FROM NATURALLY SOURCES OR PLANTS ORANIMALS.
. IT IS ALSO CALLED BIOPOLYMER.
EXAMPLE OF NATURAL POLYMER- RUBBER, GELATIN, CELLULOSE, PROTEIN,
STARCH, ALBUMIN, COLLAGEN, COTTON, SILK, ETC.
(RUBBER) (COTTON) (GELATIN)

7. B. SEMI SYNTHETIC POLYMER- SEMI SYNTHETIC POLYMERARE THOSE POLYMER
WHICHARE PREPAREDBY CHEMICALLYMODIFICATIONOF THE NATURAL
POLYMER.
EXAMPLE OF SEMI SYNTHETIC POLYMER- RAYON, VULCANIZED RUBBER, GUN
COTTON ETC.
(VULCANIZED RUBBER) (GUN COTTON) (RAYON)
C. SYNTHETIC POLYMER- THIS POLYMERARE PREPAREDIN THE LABORATORY
AND KNOWNAS MANMADE POLYMER.

8. EXAMPLE OF SYNTHETIC POLYMER-POLYETHYLENE, POLYESTER, TEFLON,
NYLON, ETC.

9. 2. CLASSIFICATION BASEDONSTRUCTURE
A. LINEAR POLYMER- INTHIS POLYMER, THE MONOMERSARE LINKEDWITHONE
ANOTHER AND MAKE A LONG STRAIGHT CHAIN(HIGH DENSITY)
EXAMPLE OF LINEAR POLYMER- POLYETHYLENE, PVC, NYLONS, POLYESTERS , ETC.
B. BRANCHED CHAIN POLYMER- IN THIS POLYMER CONTAIN STRONG LONG CHAIN
HAVING DIFFERENT SIDE CHAINS.

10. EXAMPLE OF BRANCHEDCHAINPOLYMERE – GLYCOGEN,LOWDENSITY
POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)
C. CROSS LINKED OR NETWORK POLYMERS- THEYARE COMPOSED OF BI
FUNCTIONALAND TRI FUNCTIONAL MONOMERS. THEY HAVE A STRONGER
COVALENT BONDIN COMPARISON OTHER LINEAR POLYMERS.
EXAMPLE OFCROSS LINKEDPOLYMER- BAKELITE , MELAMINE, FORMALDEHYDE
RESINS.

11. CLASSIFICATION BASED ONMOLECULAR FORCES
A. ELASTOMERS-AN ELASTOMER IS A POLYMER WITH THE PROPERTY OF
ELASTICITY. IN OTHER WORDS, IT IS A POLYMER THAT DEFORMS UNDER STRESS AND
RETURNS TO ITS ORIGINAL SHAPE WHENTHE STRESS IS REMOVED.
EXAMPLE OF ELASTOMERS- RUBBER.
B. FIBERS- FIBERS POLYMERS ARE A SUBSET OFARTIFICIAL FIBERS, WHICH ARE
BASED ONSYNTHETIC CHEMICALS (OFTEN FROM PETROCHEMICAL SOURCES)
RATHER THANARISING FROM NATURAL MATERIALS BYA PURELYPHYSICAL
PROCESS.

12. C. EXAMPLE OF FIBERS- NYLON 6, 6.
D. THERMOPLASTICS- THERMOPLASTIC IS A TYPE OF PLASTIC POLYMER THAT
CAN BE MOLDEDAT HIGH TEMPERATURES BUT SOLIDIFIES WHEN COOLED.
EXAMPLE OF THERMOPLASTICS- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE.

13. D. THERMOSETTING POLYMERS: THERMOSETTING POLYMERS DONOT BECOME SOFT
ONHEATING UNDER PRESSURE. THEY CANNOT BE REMOULDEDAND RECYCLED.

14. EXAMPLE OFTHERMOSETTING POLYMER- SILICONES, BAKELITE, EPOXY RESIN,
MELAMINE RESIN, AND UREA-FORMALDEHYDE.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ONTHE MOLECULAR FORCE
A. ADDITION POLYMER. IN THIS, POLYMERARE FORMED BYADDITION OF ONE
MONOMER MOLECULES WITH ANOTHER MONOMER MOLECULE.

15. EXAMPLE OFADDITION POLYMER- POLYETHYLENE, TEFLON, POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
(PVC).
B. CONDENSATION POLYMER- THE CONDENSATION POLYMERS ARE FORMED BY
REPEATED CONDENSATIONREACTIONS BETWEENTWODIFFERENT BI-
FUNCTIONAL OR TRI-FUNCTIONAL MONOMERIC UNITS.

16. EXAMPLE OF CONDENSATION POLYMER- POLYESTER, NYLON, SILICON.
APPLICATIONOF POLYMER
POLYMERS ARE THE MOST PROMISING OPTIONS FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
BECAUSE THEY PROVIDE THE SLOW OR CONTROL DRUG RELEASE.
1. RESERVOIR SYSTEM
2. MATRIX
3.TABLETS COATING(FILM COATING)
4.CAPSULES (GELATIN SHELL)
5. CONTROL RELEASE DOSAGE FORM
6. SUSTANED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM
7. EXTENDED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM

17. 8. MODIFIED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM
9. IMMIDIATE RELEASE DOSAGE FORM
10. SWELLING CONTROLDRUG RELEASE DOSAGE FORM
ADVANTAGE OF POLYMERS
1. IMPROVE PATIENT COMPLIANCE
2. CONTROL RELEASE OF DRUG
3. LOCLISEDDRUG DELIVERY
4. STABLIZATION OF DRUG
5. SUSTAINED RELEASE OF DRUG

18. 6. REDUCE DOSING FREQUENCY
7.LESS SIDE EFFECT
8. BIODEGREDABLE ANDBIOCOMPATIBLE
DISADVANTAGE OF POLYMER
1. DOSE DUMPING
2.HEAT CAPACITY OF POLYMER IS VERYLESS SO CAN NOT TOBE USED IN HEAT
APPLICATION.

19. THANK YOU