2. The methodology was done empirically and hence the sources
like different books, magazines, and survey reports of previous
years were also included.
3. To examine the cause and impacts of political violence in India
To explore the role of government policies, law enforcement
agencies
To investigate the states having higher and lower rate of
political violence
To access the socio-economic and political violence
4. Political Violence
A common means used by People and Governments
around the World to achieve Political Goals.
“organized violent activity for political goals.”
-UN High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR)
5. 1. Communalism: Historically, communal conflicts, particularly
between Hindus and Muslims, have been a cause of political
bloodshed.
2. Caste-Based Conflict: . Caste-based bias and conflicts, fueled
by socioeconomic inequality and unequal access to resources,
have exploded in many sections of the country, causing violence.
3. Insurgencies and Maoist Movements: They have occurred in
areas with marginalized populations. These movements are
frequently sparked by issues concerning land, resources, and
government.
4. Terrorism: Both indigenous and international terrorist groups
have targeted India. Kashmir has long been a war zone, with
terrorist factions wanting independence or unification with
Pakistan
6. 5. Electoral Violence: In India, electoral politics may be violent,
with fights between political parties, voter intimidation, and even
attacks on candidates.
6. Regional Conflicts: Conflicts have erupted in many parts of India
as a result of regional aspirations and demands for statehood or
autonomy.
7. Economic Disparities: Socio-economic disparities, as well as a
lack of access to education, healthcare, and work opportunities, can
cause underprivileged people to resort to violence as a means of
expressing their complaints, particularly in rural areas.
8. Political-Criminal Nexus: In some regions, there exists a
symbiotic relationship between politics and criminality. Politicians
with criminal backgrounds may use violence and intimidation to
maintain their power and protect their interests.
7. 1. Communal Riots: Communal clashes between religious
communities, often triggered by provocative incidents or political
provocations, result in violence, destruction of property, and loss of
lives.
2. Terrorist Attacks: India has been the subject of various terrorist
attacks, ranging from public markets to government buildings.
These attacks are frequently motivated by political or religious
reasons..
3. Caste-Based Violence: Atrocities against lower-caste individuals,
riots between caste groups, and protests demanding caste-based
reservations and social justice are examples of caste-related
violence.
4. Electoral Violence: Violence can occur during elections, including
physical altercations between party supporters, vandalism, and
voter intimidation.
5. Maoist Uprisings: In central and eastern India, Maoist movements
involve violent clashes between the state and rebel organizations.
8. 1. Loss of Life and Property: Political violence results in the loss of
human lives and the destruction of infrastructure and property, often
affecting the most vulnerable sections of society.
2. Economic Disruption: Frequent acts of violence interrupt economic
operations, discourage investment, and impede economic progress in
impacted areas.
3. Social Divisions: Political violence exacerbates social divisions,
promoting mistrust and enmity among various communities. This can
lead to long-term social fragmentation.
4. Humanitarian Crisis: Insurgencies and displacement caused by
violence can result in a humanitarian crisis, with people forced to
evacuate their homes and live in deplorable conditions.
5. Impact on Governance: The recurrence of political violence poses a
challenge to good governance, as security considerations frequently
take precedence over welfare and growth programs.
6. International Relations: Terrorist attacks and border conflicts affect
India’s foreign policy and relations with its neighbors
9. Conflict Resolution: It is critical for long-term peace to encourage dialogue and
negotiations to address disputes such as those in Kashmir and the Northeast.
Community involvement: It is critical to promote community involvement and
reconciliation initiatives to overcome communal and caste differences in order to reduce
violence.
Effective Law Enforcement: enhancing law enforcement agencies, enhancing intelligence
gathering, and ensuring prompt justice can all dissuade violent perpetrators.
Political Reforms: Reducing political criminality and increasing transparency in political
finance can help to reduce the political-criminal nexus.
Economic Development: By focusing on inclusive economic development, particularly in
marginalized areas, some of the core causes of violence can be addressed.
Education and Awareness: Promoting educational and awareness programs to address
religious and caste-based prejudices will help to ensure long-term societal cohesiveness.
International Cooperation: India can engage in international cooperation to combat cross-
border terrorism and seek peaceful resolutions to regional conflicts.
10. 1. What are the main factors contributing to political
violence in India and how does it change over some time?
2. How does the Indian government respond to political
violence for these riots and negative impacts in India?
3. That role do political ideologies play in reducing political
violence in India?
11. 1. Political extremism
2. Communal and religious tensions
3. Socio-economic inequalities
4. Weak law enforcement and governance
12.
13. WHAT ARE THE MAIN FACTORS
CONTRIBUTING TO POLITICAL
VIOLENCE INDIA AND HOW DOES IT
CHANGE OVER SOME TIME?
In 2000, there were 4121 people killed due to political violence :-
1. incidents of killing-1910
2. civilians-1260
3. security forces-574.
4. terrorists-2260
5. not specified 28 as compared to 2023 there are 247 due to
political violence in India.
14. SOME COUNTRIES WITH
LARGEST DECREASE IN
POLITICAL VIOLENCE
Country Name percentage
Azerbaijan and Armenia 94
Libya 91
India 38
15. Law enforcement The government usually deploys law
enforcement agencies, including the police and paramilitary
forces, to control the situation and maintain law and order during
riots and violent incidents.
Judicial Inquiry: In serious cases of violence and riots, the
government may set up judicial inquiries to investigate the causes
and consequences of the unrest.
Imposition of Curfew: In particularly volatile situations, the
government may impose a curfew in the affected areas to restrict
movement and prevent further escalation of violence.
Communication and Awareness: The government may use various
communication channels to spread awareness, dispel rumors, and
maintain public order. Timely communication can help prevent
misinformation from fuelling tensions.
16. Deployment of Central Forces: Incases where the state police
forces are overwhelmed or incapable of controlling the situation, the
central government may deploy central paramilitary forces to
restore order.
Political Dialogues: In some instances, the government may engage
in dialogues with the concerned parties to address underlying
political issues and find peaceful resolutions.
Rehabilitation and Compensation: After the riots or violent
incidents, the government may provide rehabilitation and
compensation to the affected individuals or communities to help
them recover and rebuild their lives.
Amendments to Laws: In response to certain incidents, the
government may also consider amending existing laws or
introducing new legislation to prevent similar violence in the future
or to address the root causes of the unrest
17. Socialism: Ideologies rooted in socialism strive for equality and social
justice. reducing socioeconomic activities can diminish the feelings of
marginalizationand resentment that often lead to violence.
Liberalism Liberal ideologies focus on protecting individual rights,
freedom, and inclusion. By promoting dialogue, fostering respect for
diverse perspectives, and safeguarding civil liberties, liberal ideologies can
help prevent the suppression ofideas that may escalate into violence.
Federalism: Advocating for decentralization of power and autonomous
governance can help address regional disputes.
Liberal Democracy: Liberal democracy, with its emphasis on pluralism,
individual rights, and the rule of law, can help reduce political violence
Social Democracy: Social democracy combines elements of liberal
democracy with a commitment to social justice, equality, and a welfare
state.
Nonviolence principles: Nonviolence and pacifism, as advocated by figures
like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., advocate for peaceful
means of achieving political change
18. Political violence in India requires a multi-faceted approach
that tackles the root causes of conflict and promotes
inclusivity and equality only through such efforts, India can
effectively move towards a more peaceful and harmonious
society. These negative effects are present in all aspects of the
health system: their infrastructure, budgeting, planning and
management, availability of human and material resources, and
service provision..strengthening law enforcement and ensuring
judicial justice can help to avoid future acts of political violence
in India.
