This document provides an overview of different forms and elements of poetry. It defines poetry as a type of literature that uses specific forms like lines and stanzas to express ideas, feelings, or tell a story. It discusses the key elements of poetry including point of view, form, line, stanza, and different types of stanzas. The document then examines various types of poetry like lyric, narrative, haiku, ode, elegy, and sonnet. It also explores language elements such as rhythm, meter, feet, rhyme, and onomatopoeia. In under 3 sentences.

2. T. Ionell

3. Poetry
 A type of literature
that expresses
ideas, feelings, or
tells a story in a
specific form
(usually using lines
and stanzas)

4. Point of View in Poetry
POET SPEAKER
 The poet is the author  The speaker of the
of the poem. poem is the “narrator”
of the poem.

5. Poetry Form
 FORM - the A word is dead
appearance of the
words on the page When it is said,
Some say.
 LINE - a group of
words together on one
line of the poem I say it just
Begins to live
 STANZA - a group of
lines arranged together That day.

6. Kinds of Stanzas
Couplet a two line stanza
Triplet (Tercet) a three line stanza
Quatrain a four line stanza
Quintet a five line stanza
Sestet (Sextet) a six line stanza
Septet a seven line stanza
Octave an eight line stanza

7. Some Types
of Poetry
we will be
Studying

8. Lyric
 A short poem
 Usually written in first person point of view
 Expresses an emotion or an idea or
describes a scene
 Does not tell a story and are often musical

9. Narrative Poems
 A poem that tells a Examples of Narrative
story. Poems
 Generally longer than
the lyric styles of “The Raven”
poetry because the “The Highwayman”
poet needs to establish
characters and a plot. “Casey at the Bat”
“The Walrus and the
Carpenter”

10. Types of
Lyric
Poetry

11. Haiku
A Japanese poem
written in three lines
Five Syllables An old silent pond . . .
Seven Syllables A frog jumps into the pond.
Five Syllables Splash! Silence again.

12. Ode
When first the fiery mantled Sun
A formal poem His heavenly race began to run
having a complex Round the earth and ocean blue
stanza pattern and it His children four the Seasons flew;-
First, in green apparel dancing
is addressed to an The young Spring smiled with angel-grace;
object or an idea. Rosy Summer, next advancing
Rush’d into her sire’s embrace-
Her bright-hair’d sire, who bade her keep
For ever nearest to his smiles
On Calpe’s olive-shaded steep
Or India’s citron-cover’d sles
More remote and buxom-brown
Thomas Campbell, The Queen of vintage bow’d before his throne;
“Ode to Winter” A ripe sheaf bound her zone.

13. Elegy
 A solemn and dignified poem for mourning someone’s
death.
I before my death We are neither afraid of death,
Have composed, Nor covetous for life,
An elegy of the Earth, We only wish to relish in full,
Which (after war) Our natural life before the final ruin,
Roodali of the Air will sing, And it is our right too.
Weeping and wailing,
If war is indispensable,
Sitting amid the burnt
We shall fight it only for our
Decomposed bodies.
existence,
The Decree of Death For our dreams are not
Has been written, The fuel for the wars being fought on
On the pale forehead of the Earth; rent.
Muhammad Shanazar
Only time is to be fixed. “An Elegy of the Earth”

14. Shakespearian Sonnet
A fourteen line poem Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
with a specific
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
rhyme scheme.
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
The poem is written in Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
three quatrains and And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
ends with a couplet.
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed.
The rhyme scheme is But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
abab cdcd efef gg Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st
William Shakespeare So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
“Sonnet 18” So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

15. Types of
Narrative
Poetry

16. Ballad When Princes and Prelates,
 A narrative poem that is
And hot-headed zealots,
mostly set into music. A’ Europe had set in a low, a low,
Subjects for these poems The poor man lies down,
are usually of folk origin. Nor envies a crown,
 It could also mean a song And comforts himself as he dow, as he dow,
of romantic or sentimental And comforts himself as he dow.
nature. The black-headed eagle,
 A refrain may be seen in As keen as a beagle,
He hunted o’er height and o’er howe,
the middle or end of the
In the braes o’ Gemappe,
poem. He fell in a trap,
E’en let him come out as he dow, dow
Robert Burns E’en let him come out as he dow…
“A Tippling Ballad”

17. Epic (Folk) The glory of battle went to Beowulf, and
 A long narrative poem of
serious tone and usually Grendel, mortally wounded,
sought his sad home under the fen slope.He
centers on the hero or knew surely that his life had reached its end,
heroine. the number of his days gone.
 The hero tracks a great The hope of the Danes had come to pass—He
who came from far had
quest or journey and faces
cleansed Hrothgar's hall
great enemies and and saved it from affliction.
troubles. They rejoiced it that
 A folk epic is composed night's work. Beowulf had
fulfilled his promise
orally and then passed
to the Danes and all
from generations. the distress they had endured,
Excerpts from all the trouble and sorrow,
“Beowulf” had reached an end.

18. Epic (Literary) Farewell, happy fields,
 Literary epics are
Where joy for ever dwells! Hail, horrors! hail,
those that are Infernal world! and thou, profoundest Hell,
attributed to known Receive thy new possessor--one who brings
authors. A mind not to be changed by place or time.
The mind is its own place, and in itself
Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.
What matter where, if I be still the same,
And what I should be, all but less than he
Whom thunder hath made greater? Here at least
We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built
Here for his envy, will not drive us hence:
Here we may reign secure; and, in my choice,
John Milton To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell:
Book I of “Paradise Lost” Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven

19. Metrical Tale
 A type of objective Who so shall telle a tale after a man,
poetry reflecting He moste reherse, as neighe as ever he
medieval age can,
 Such poetry is Everich word, if it be in his charge,
characterized by two: All speke he never so rudely and so
feudal system and large;
unscientific outlook of
Or elles he moste tellen his tale
the people
untrewe,
Or feinen thinges, or finden wordes
newe.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Excerpts from Canterbury Tales
Line 733

20. Types of
Modern
Poetry

21. Cinquain
A five line poem containing 22 syllables
Two Syllables How frail
Four Syllables Above the bulk
Six Syllables Of crashing water hangs
Eight Syllables Autumnal, evanescent, wan
Two Syllables The moon.

22. Acrostic Poems
 A poem based from
the first letters of a
specified subject or
theme.

23. Concrete Poems Poetry
 In concrete poems, the Is like
Flames,
words are arranged to
Which are
create a picture that Swift and elusive
relates to the content Dodging realization
of the poem. Sparks, like words on the
Paper, leap and dance in the
Flickering firelight. The fiery
Tongues, formless and shifting
Shapes, tease the imiagination.
Yet for those who see,
Through their mind’s
Eye, they burn
Up the page.

24. Diamante Poems
 Made up of seven lines in which the words form a
diamond
Noun 1 Mountain
Two adjectives for 1 High, rocky
Three verbs for 1 Flying, looking, killing
Nouns for 1/ for 2 Eagle, power, fear, rabbit
Three verbs for 2 Living, moving, making-noise
Two adjectives for 2 Deep, beautiful
Noun 2 (opposite 1) Valley

25. http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/
This site gives you poems in
ABC order with definitions and
examples for each kind of poem!

26. Language of Poetry

27. Rhythm
 The beat created by
the sounds of the
words in a poem
 Rhythm can be created
by meter, rhyme,
alliteration and refrain.

28. Meter
 A pattern of stressed and unstressed
syllables.
 Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed
syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a
repeating pattern.
 When poets write in meter, they count out the
number of stressed (strong) syllables and
unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They
repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

29. Meter
 FOOT - unit of meter.  TYPES OF FEET
 A foot can have two or The types of feet are
three syllables. determined by the
 Usually consists of arrangement of
one stressed and one stressed and
or more unstressed unstressed syllables.
syllables. (cont.)

30. Types of Feet
Iambic - unstressed, stressed
My mind / to me / a king / dom is /
Trochaic - stressed, unstressed
Listen, / lords and / ladies / gay /
Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed
All at once / and all o’er / with a might- / y uproar /
Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed
Heed not the / corpse, though a / king in your / path /
Spondee – stressed, stressed
Rocks, caves, / lakes, fens / and shades of death /

31. Activity: Feet
What is the apparent type of feet
in these poetic lines?
1. We were very tired, we were very
Trochee
merry
2. My heart is like a singing bird
Iamb
3. Take her up tenderly Dactyl
4. There are many who say that a
Anapest
dog has his day
5. Smart lad to slip betimes away
Spondee

32. Kinds of Metrical Lines
one foot on a line monometer “Love is not love which
two feet on a line dimeter alters when it alteration
three feet on a line trimeter finds”
four feet on a line tetrameter
-William Shakespeare,
five feet on a line pentameter Sonnet 116
six feet on a line hexameter
seven feet on a line heptameter
eight feet on a line octometer
“Love is / not love / which al / ters when / it al / tera / tion finds”
Pentameter (five feet )

33. Activity: Meter
Create a short rap
with pentameter
metrical lines about
your favorite animal
or your pet.
Then, during your
rap, perform it with
the type of feet the
teacher assigns you.

34. Free Verse Poetry
 Unlike metered  Free verse poetry is
poetry, free verse very conversational -
poetry does NOT have sounds like someone
any repeating patterns talking with you.
of stressed and
unstressed syllables.  A more modern type
 Does NOT have of poetry.
rhyme.

35. Blank Verse Poetry
from Julius Ceasar
 Written in lines of
iambic Cowards die many times before their deaths;
pentameter, but The valiant never taste of death but once.
does NOT use Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
end rhyme. It seems to me most strange that men should
fear;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.

36. Rhyme
 Words sound alike
because they share the
LAMP
same ending vowel
and consonant sounds.
STAMP
 Share the short “a”
 (A word always vowel sound
rhymes with itself.)  Share the combined
“mp” consonant sound

37. End Rhyme
 A word at the end of one line rhymes with a
word at the end of another line
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.

38. Internal Rhyme
 A word inside a line rhymes with another
word on the same line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I
pondered weak and weary.
From “The Raven”
by Edgar Allan Poe

39. Near Rhyme
 a.k.a imperfect
rhyme, close rhyme
ROSE
LOSE
 The words share
EITHER the same  Different vowel
vowel or consonant sounds (long “o” and
sound BUT NOT “oo” sound)
BOTH  Share the same
consonant sound

40. Activity: Rhyme
What kind of rhyme is
characterized by these
poetic lines?
1. I never saw a purple cow
But I can tell you anyhow…
2. I never hope to see one
I’d rather see than I am on
3. Among the gusty trees the moon was a ghostly galleon
tossed upon cloudy seas

41. Rhyme Scheme
 A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually
end rhyme, but not always).
 Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds
to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next
slide for an example.)

42. Rhyme Scheme
The Germ by Ogden Nash
A mighty creature is the germ, a
Though smaller than the pachyderm. a
His customary dwelling place b
Is deep within the human race. b
His childish pride he often pleases c
By giving people strange diseases. c
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? a
You probably contain a germ. a

43. Activity: Rhyme
What are the rhymes
in the poem “The
Lone Dog” by Irene
Rutherford McLeod?
I’m a lean dog, a keen dog, a wild dog and lone
I’m a rough dog, a tough dog, hunting on my own;
I’m a bad dog, a mad dog, teasing silly sheep
I love to sit and bay the moon, to keep fat souls from sleep

44. Activity: Rhyme
Search for a song
with end, internal or
near rhymes.
Then, sing a line of
the song to the class
with defined rhymes
and explain the
rhymes afterwards.

45. Onomatopoeia
 Words that imitate the sound they are
naming
BUZZ
 OR sounds that imitate another sound
“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of
each purple curtain . . .”

46. Alliteration
 Consonant sounds repeated at the
beginnings of words
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers, how many pickled peppers did
Peter Piper pick?

47. Activity: Alliteration
Form a sentence with
alliterative words
containing it. The
letter you shall
consider must be the
first letter of your
name. If possible,
insert your name as
subject or object in
the sentence.

48. Consonance
 Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .
 The repeated consonant sounds can be
anywhere in the words
“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

49. Assonance
 Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines
of poetry.
(Often creates near rhyme.)
Lake Fate Base Fade
(All share the long “a” sound.)

50. Assonance
Examples of ASSONANCE:
“Slow the low gradual moan came in the
snowing.”
- John Masefield
“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”
- William Shakespeare

51. Activity: Repetition
What kind of repetition is
characterized in these
poetic lines?
1. Spotted kitten slept quietly on matted fur
2. Young fuzzy puppy on a club in the hub
3. Oh, the cobbles, he cluttered and
clashed in the dark innyard

52. Refrain
 A sound, word, phrase “Quoth the raven,
or line repeated
regularly in a poem. ‘Nevermore.’”

53. Figurative
Language

54. Simile
 A comparison of two things using “like, as
than,” or “resembles.”
“She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

55. Metaphor
 A direct comparison of two unlike things
“All the world’s a stage, and we are merely
players.”
- William Shakespeare

56. Implied Metaphor
 The comparison is hinted at but not clearly
stated.
“The poison sacs of the town began to
manufacture venom, and the town swelled and
puffed with the pressure of it.”
- from The Pearl
- by John Steinbeck

57. Hyperbole
 Exaggeration often used for emphasis.
“You can fry an egg upon my brow as I melt
away in the sun.”
- from Summertime is Here
- by Sharon Hendricks

58. Litotes
 Understatement - basically the opposite of
hyperbole. Often it is ironic.
 Ex. Calling a slow moving person “Speedy”

59. Idiom
 An expression where the literal meaning of
the words is not the meaning of the
expression. It means something other than
what it actually says.
 Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.

60. Personification
 An animal from “Ninki”
given human- by Shirley Jackson
like qualities “Ninki was by this time irritated beyond
or an object belief by the general air of incompetence
given life-like exhibited in the kitchen, and she went
qualities. into the living room and got Shax, who
is extraordinarily lazy and never catches
his own chipmunks, but who is, at
least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw
clearly, to a man with a gun.

61. Activity: Figurative Language
Identify the type of figures of speech used in these
poetic lines:
1. Death is a black camel, which kneels at the gates
of all.
2. The leaves were whispering secrets to the breeze.
3. But myself was all the one that fell. Was it
Goliath too large?
4. He’s not the brightest man in the world.
5. Up above the world so high like a diamond in the
sky.

62. Activity: Figurative Language
Come up with a list of
things that can be
associated with
NATURE.
Choose one from the
list. Then, create a
simile, metaphor,
personification or
even a hyperbole for
it.

63. Other
Poetic
Devices

64. Symbolism
 When a person, place,
thing, or event that has = Innocence
meaning in itself also
represents, or stands
for, something else.
= America
= Peace

65. Activity: Symbolism
What are the meanings of these
colors/animals in words?
1. Red (for Chinese) 1. Butterfly’s wings
2. Green thumb 2. Shark’s fangs
3. True blue 3. Spider’s web
4. Purple speech 4. Raven
5. Yellow journalism 5. Horse

66. Allusion
 Allusion comes from A tunnel walled and overlaid
the verb “allude” With dazzling crystal: we had
which means “to refer read
to”
Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous
 An allusion is a cave,
reference to something
And to our own his name we
famous.
gave.
From “Snowbound”
John Greenleaf Whittier

67. Imagery
 Language that appeals to the senses.
 Most images are visual, but they can also
appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste,
or smell.
then with cracked hands that ached
from labor in the weekday weather . . .
from “Those Winter Sundays”

68. Activity: Imagery
Use concrete words to
to evoke a very
frightening image of a
ghost you do not want
to see. Detail your
poetic lines with the
sense of sight, smell,
touch, and hearing.