This document provides information on pollution and maritime safety issues through a series of photographs with captions. It discusses various types of pollution like bottom trawling damaging habitats, overfishing reducing cod populations to unsustainable levels by 2022, an oil spill in Lebanon coating a crab, algal blooms caused by agricultural runoff, and beach trash in Equatorial Guinea. It also mentions the Erika oil spill leading the European Parliament to improve ship safety and the US military dumping chemical and radioactive waste at sea. The document aims to educate about the origins, current state, and potential solutions to pollution as well as how politics and culture can influence the issue.

1. Maria Mika Olivares,
Gabriela Guapache,
and
Sara Medina

2. Before We Start:
 Key terms to keep in mind
 Yes, you might want to write these down

5. Bottom Trawler
 Photograph by Brian J. Skerry
 Bottom trawling—a form of net fishing that
scrapes the ocean floor—often damages
habitats by ripping up coral reefs.
 Now banned in many countries, bottom
trawlers also collect large amounts of
bycatch that is simply thrown back to sea or
left to die.

8. Cod Caught in a Net, Gulf of Maine
 Photograph by Bill Curtsinger
 Cod and other commercial ground fish are caught in a net in the Gulf
of Maine.
 Our appetite for fish is wreaking havoc on aquatic populations
worldwide.
 The conservation group World Wildlife Fund predicts that if cod
fisheries continue to be fished at current rates, there will be no cod left
by 2022.
 "Seventy-five percent of fisheries are overfished," says marine biologist
Enric Sala. "If nothing changes, all fisheries will have collapsed by
2050." The solution, says Sala—a National Geographic Society fellow—
is involving all levels of society, from consumers to policy makers.
 "The solutions exist, we just need the political will to implement them
at [a] large scale," he adds.

11. Erika
 Photo taken 12 December 1999 Erika sinking.
©BELGA/AFP
 Since the Erika’s disastrous sinking, Parliament is
seeking to improve their ships.
 The "Erika III" package, aimed at protecting Europe's
coasts from maritime disasters and improving
passenger and crew safety, was adopted by Parliament.

14. Oil-Coated Crab, Lebanon
 Photograph by Patrick Baz/AFP/Getty Images
 With the area's preponderance of fossil fuel-related
commerce, the semi-enclosed Mediterranean Sea is
particularly susceptible to oil spills.
 International animosities in the region aggravate the
problem.
 This crab is negotiating an oil-fouled beach polluted
when Israeli planes bombed a power station in Beirut,
Lebanon, in 2006.

17. Not a Painting
 Photographer unknown
 This blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) is the result of
agricultural fertilizer seeping into a small lake in
Finland.
 Blue-green algae forms a thick mat near the surface of
the water, suffocating life underneath it.

20. Beach Trash, Equatorial Guinea
 Photograph by Joel Sartore
 The world's oceans and beaches are strewn with
manmade flotsam, much of it plastics, like this doll's
leg on a black-sand beach on Equatorial Guinea's
Bioko Island.
 Plastics are extremely durable and can drift on ocean
currents for decades, leaching potentially toxic
chemicals as they slowly decompose.

23. Facts
 "The Army now admits that it secretly dumped 64
million pounds of nerve and mustard agents into
the sea, along with 400,000 chemical-filled bombs,
land mines and rockets and more than 500 tons of
radioactive waste - either tossed overboard or packed
into the holds of scuttled vessels.“
 "Mustard gas can be fatal. When exposed to seawater,
it forms a concentrated, encrusted gel that lasts for at
least five years, rolling around on the ocean floor,
killing or contaminating sea life."

24. Now the Real Deal: PMS
 Not that, silly! What are you thinking?
 We naturally mean Pollution and Maritime Safety

25. We Will Talk About…
 Origin of the Issue
 Current State of the problem
 Solutions: What do people think?
 The Future if Nothing changes…
 Where is it Happening?
- Japan, Trinidad and Tobago, Seychelles, Latin
America
 How do Politics and Culture Affect the problem?
- IMO Regulations
- TED Talk video

26. Reflection Time
 “Capt. Charles Moore first discovered the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch -- an endless floating waste of plastic
trash. Now he's drawing attention to the growing,
choking problem of plastic debris in our sea”
 In GoogleDocs, you will find a document named “PMS -
TED Talk Reflection Prompt”
 It will guide you on your quest to write an illuminated
reflection on all you’ve learned today.
 http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/capt_charles_moor
e_on_the_seas_of_plastic.html
 Good luck!

27. When in doubt…
just ask Flipper

29. Sources
 http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/photos/o
ceans-overfishing/#/fish-net_158_600x450.jpg
 http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/photos/o
cean-pollution/?q=euthrophication#/pollution11-
congealed-tallow-houston_16641_600x450.jpg
 http://www.politicalcortex.com/story/2005/11/1/135126
/626
 Sakevisual’s Otome Game: RE: Alistair+++