Het nets

El futuro de las redes moviles: HetNet
The Future of Mobile Networks: HetNet
Andy Germano, VP Americas
Small Cell Forum
April 16, 2013
andy@smallcellforum.org
www.smallcellforum.org

• Small Cell Forum
• HetNet Definition
• Network Considerations
• Radio Planning
• Frequency Management
• Wi-Fi Integration
• Summary & Conclusions
Agenda
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2012 2

The Small Cell Forum
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2013
Aims
68 operators covering 2.93 billion mobile
subscribers – 44% of total
76 providers of small cell technology representing
all parts of the ecosystem

HetNet Scope at SCF
4

HetNets are multi-dimensional

Market Drivers
• Dramatic growth in mobile broadband
• Consumers increasingly sensitive to coverage
• Operators need to meet demand quickly and at
reduced cost-per-bit
Explosion of internet connected
devices
Exponential growth of mobile
data traffic
Source: Signals Research Group
Home
Office
Out of home / office
On the move
Source: Informa
Traffic increasingly
indoors
>80%indoors

Capacity – Reaching Limits
Next-generation system
performance is close to the
Shannon bound
Approaching
the limit
Cooper’s Law suggests that
increasing the number of cells has
always been the main means of
adding capacity
• Need more cells and tighter interference
control to continue to increase capacity
Most gain
from
frequency
re-use

Rapid growth in deployments, due to advantages of small cells
Key benefits include:
• Improved coverage
• Greater capacity
• Spectrum efficiency
• New applications
• These benefits apply equally in the home (femtocells), office (enterprise)
or outside environments (metro, rural)
• Devices remain under control of licensed network operators and operate
within their own spectrum
Benefits of small cells

97.5% of mobile operator respondents
believe that small cells are key for the future of
mobile networks.
The number of small cells deployed
overtook the total number of macro cells
between 3Q 2012.
small-cell market is growing at rapid pace: The
largest deployments have already reached over 1
million active cells.
Market Status Report
December 2012
• Sprint: Over 1 million
• AT&T: over 1 million (analyst estimates)
• Softbank: more than 250,000
• SFR: more than 100,000
• Vodafone UK: Hundreds of thousands

Diversity of Deployments

• 2013 look set to be the year public access takes off..
• AT&T – Announces its trial shows public access small cells deliver near
perfect results & will rollout 40K units by 2015
• Vodafone UK testing 1,000 metro units – plans to rollout multimode units
(3G/4G/Wi-Fi) in coming weeks
• Verizon to rollout in 2H 2013
• Most plan for metro rollouts & BT will start rural trials
• Major operators continue to commit to femtocells
• NTT DOCOMO rollout LTE femtocell
• Orange France rollout new residential service
• Everything Everywhere (UK) rollout enterprise service
• Vodafone UK launch new plug-size residential femtocell
Last 3 months growth in small cells:
Source: Informa
© Small Cell Forum Ltd 2013March 2013

Informa Operator Survey
What factor is most likely to affect a public access small cell deployment?

Network Considerations
15/04/2013 © Small Cell Forum Ltd 2013

Behavior of UE Tx Power vs Macro &
Small Cell Noise Rise

Functions of the X2 interface
The list of functions on the X2 interface is the following:
- Intra LTE-Access-System Mobility Support for UE in LTE_ACTIVE:
- Context transfer from source eNB to target eNB;
- Control of user plane tunnels between source eNB and target
eNB;
- Handover cancellation.
- Load Management
- Inter-cell Interference Coordination
- Uplink Interference Load Management;
- General X2 management and error handling functions:
- Error indication.
- Trace functions

X2 Interface Protocol Structure

Inter-cell interference coordination
• This function allows keeping inter-cell interference under control.
For this neighbouring eNBs exchange appropriate information
allowing that eNBs make radio resource assignments such that
interference is mitigated.
Uplink interference load management
• This function allows indicating an uplink interference overload and
resource blocks especially sensitive to inter-cell interference
between neighbouring eNBs, such that neighbour eNBs can co-
ordinate with
Important Details on X2

Traffic offload
via outdoor 3G small cells
21%
56%
75%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1x 4x 10x
%trafficonsmallcells
Small cells per macrocell
Results from recently published SCF
white paper
18

Results from recently published SCF white paper on Open Access Small Cells
User experience improvements from
public access small cells
58%
315%
523%
31%
138%
246%
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
1 4 10
All Users
Macro Users
%increaseinmedianthroughputover
macrocellsalone
Small cells per macrocell
19

Backhaul Considerations

Wireless Backhaul

Rural Applications
15/04/2013 © Small Cell Forum Ltd 2013

Taking a typical developed world monthly ARPU at $33 and 532 subscribers in the rural area delivers
revenues of 532 x $33 = $17,556 per month or $210,672 per year.
In a more challenging emerging country environment with an ARPU of only $10 per month the total
revenue would be $63,840 per year.
Take an example cost of $6,000 for a fully installed outdoor small cell site. Given that operators typically
amortize their capital expenditure over three-to-five years the cost per month would be $6000/36 or
$6000/60 = $167 to $100 per month.
In addition the site will need power and site rental. Power was calculated at $7.44 per month.
Site rental — perhaps $50 a month for a small wall-mounted unit and maintenance — is based on one
visit per year at $1,200 a visit = $100 per month. Thus the total operating cost per month for a small
cell site will be 7.44 + 50 + 100 = $157.44 per month.
Taking the three-year amortized capital cost plus the operating costs gives a total cost to run a small
cell site of 167 + 157.44 = $324.44 per month or $3,893.28 per year.
Based on this simple analysis
There is a contribution of $60,000 from each small cell
Business Case for Rural Small Cells

The most expensive backhaul option that could be considered for a remote rural site would probably be
satellite connectivity.
In this case in addition to the capital cost — for example $3,000 per site linked — there is also a rental
cost for the bandwidth required on the satellite.
This is typically the type of case where the high cost of bandwidth may lead to a compromise being
made on the bandwidth offered. For example, with the latest generation satellite capacity costing
around $1,000 per MHz per month a typical rural site offering 11 Mbit/s downlink and 4 Mbit/s uplink
would require considerably less than 10 MHz of satellite capacity once statistical multiplexing gain is
taken into account using the latest TDMA technology.
Thus the maximum monthly cost in this scenario would be an additional $10,000 —
Results in $50,000 contribution per year per site.
Satellite Backhaul Cost Consideration

Integrated Small Cell WiFi (ISW)
Integrated Femto WiFi (IFW)

• Licensed spectrum small cells and Wi-Fi are complementary
• Products already exist with both in same box
• Benefits are greater by integrating in the network & the AP
• Data can be seamlessly shifted based on:
• the user,
• type of service,
• network congestion or
• quality of service requirements
• Allows for
• simultaneous use for different traffic flows or
• to create a single large pipe for HD media or
• to create a highly resilient connection.
Integrated small cell/Wi-Fi networks:
beyond offload
Small cells + Wi-Fi = smart, fine grained traffic management
27

Internet Access via Wi Fi Networks
Wi Fi
Roaming
Public
Hot Spot
Enterprise
Residential
Internet

Residential ISW Networks

ISW Provisioning

Enterprise ISW

Metro ISW Network

Seamless ISW Handover

Simultaneous ISW Flow Management

ISW integrated backhaul

• Operator requirements
• Small cell backhaul
• Rural small cells
• FAPI
• LTE metrocells
• LTE timing and synchronization
• LTE small cell form factor and environmental specifications
• Small cell services, applications and API’s
• Developer outreach
• RF planning
• Multi-standard Radio Resource Management
• X2 interoperability
• Integrated small cell Wi-Fi networks
• Enterprise architecture
• Security
• Regulatory
• Plug-fest
A Sample of Forum work in progress
Towards Open & Multi-Technology

• Small Cell World Summit – London UK; June
• Small Cells September Plenary – Paris, September
• Small Cells MENA – Dubai, October
• Small Cells Americas – Dallas, Texas USA December
Summits at:
• 4G Asia, India, April
• CTIA, Las Vegas, May
• 4G World, Dallas, October
• We welcome your membership & participation
Upcoming 2013 Events
Sign Up, Engage , Shape the Market

Gracias!
Thank you!

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